Study of Correlation of High-Resolution Ultrasonography and Ultrasonography Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Diagnosis of Pure Neuritic Leprosy in a Tertiary Care Hospital

This study assesses the features of high-resolution ultrasonographic and ultrasound-guided FNAC of peripheral nerves and correlates the findings in clinically suspected cases of pure neuritic leprosy (PNL). As per the study protocol, clinically screened pure neuritic leprosy cases from January 2017 to June 2018 were subjected to high resonance ultrasonography and ultrasonography-guided FNAC. The aspirated material was stained with modified ZN stain for AFB. Nerves showed hypoechogenicity, loss or distorted echogenic rim, and fibrillary echotextures in ultrasonography. Epithelioid cells, epithelioid cell granuloma was found in the histopathology sections of FNAC specimens with the presence of AFB in some cases. From these findings it may be concluded that HRUS and ultrasound-guided FNAC could be incorporated as rapid and reliable diagnostic tools for PNL. It may enlighten the future path as an early indicator of neural damage and be critical and useful to prevent the disabilities.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Retroperitoneal Masses Under Radiological Guidance

Introduction: Advances in diagnostic radiologic techniqueshas made Fine needle aspiration cytology more specificespecially in hard to access areas like retroperitoneum.Rapid enlargement of tumors occur before clinical signs andsymptoms develop in retroperitoneal area. Present study wasundertaken to study the utility and efficacy of FNAC in earlydiagnosis of neoplastic and nonneoplastic retroperitonealmasses, to study the cytomorphology and diagnostic accuracyof FNAC with respect to tissue diagnosis wherever possible.Material and methods: Study was done in Indira GandhiGovernment Medical College, Nagpur on 70 patients withdiagnosed retroperitoneal masses on radiology either by CTor USG over a period of 2 years. Appropriate staining wasdone and results were compared to histopathology whereveravailable. No major complications occurred during theprocedure or post procedure period. Results were analysed todetermine sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic efficacy of guidedFNAC.Results: Adequate cellular material was obtained in 66cases to study cytomorphology. 46(65.72%) retroperitonealmasses were malignant. 3(4.28%) were benign while 14(20%)were inflammatory. 3 (4.28%)cases were suspicious formalignancy. Cytology was correlated with histopathologicaldiagnosis in all 39 cases where tissue diagnosis was available.Interpretation: No major complications were seen during theprocedure or post FNAC period. Statistical analysis showedsensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 100% inthese cases in the present study.Conclusion: FNAC is advantageous in terms of accuracy,rapidity, safety and convenience if done in close cooperationwith radiologist and clinicians. Performed as an OPDprocedure, diagnosis obtained in 24 hours helps to avoidsurgical laparotomy and numerous preoperative investigationsin advanced and inoperable cases and inflammatory lesions.

Solitary fibrous tumour of the kidney: A case report

A solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is an unusual spindle cell neoplasm that usually occurs in the pleura but has recently been described in diverse extrapleural sites. Urogenital localisation is rare, and to our knowledge, only 82 cases of SFT of the kidney have been described. Although SFT of the kidney is extremely rare, this tumour must be included in the differential diagnosis, whenever a renal tumour consisting of mesenchymal elements is encountered. We report a case of a large SFT of the left kidney which was clinically and radiologically thought to be a renal cell carcinoma, and a final diagnosis was made after immunohistochemical study.

Cytology Of Adrenal Lesions

Cystic and solid lesions in the adrenal glands commonly present as mass lesions and have varied etiology as infectious diseases, benign eysts, adrenal neoplastic lesions and metastasis. Smaller sized and nonfunctional small adrenal lesions, incidentaloma,are being picked up with the advancement in the radiological diagnostic modalities and widespread use of CT scans and USG. Main use of the FNA of adrenal lesions is to ascertain origin and character of cystic and solid adrenal masses, distinguishing benign adrenal nodules from metastatic tumors and diagnosis of infectious diseases commonly presenting as adrenal insufficiency (disseminated histoplasmosis). Radiological guided FNAC of adrenal gland provides an easy and quick method for the diagnosis of these lesions.