RESUMO
Acute pancreatitis can lead to dysfunction of gut mucosa barrier, translocation of intestinal bacteria, damage of immune function. Immune nutrition substances such as glutamine, arginine, -3 polyun-saturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs),dietary fiber (DF) can prevent dysfunction of gut mucosa barrier and translocation of intestinal bacteria, enhance the immune function, promote the recovery of acute pancreatitis. The article reviewed domestic and. overseas documents to on the contribution of immune function to acute pancreatitis.
RESUMO
Objective:The aim is to study the apoptosis and c-fos expression occurred in the rat gut following traumatic brain injury,and to explore the potential role of mucosal apoptosis in the intestinal barrier dysfunction and the relation of c-fos expression with the mucosal apoptosis.Methods:Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups(6 rats each group) including controls with sham operation and TBI groups at hours 3,12,24,and 72,and on day 7.Parietal brain contusion was adopted using weight-dropping method.Rat jejunum was taken at each corresponding time point.Apoptosis was detected by in situ immunohistochemical staining(TUNEL) and c-fos expression by immunohistochemistry.Results:Mucosal epithelium appeared to be the major apoptotic cells,and the number of apoptotic cells increased since 3 h after TBI,peaking at 72 h postinjury.The apoptotic cells initially located at the tip of villus and gradually spread to the whole villus.The c-fos expression of gut mucosa gradually increased after TBI,predominantly in epithelial cells,smooth muscle cells and lymphocytes and with the maximal expression appeared at 24 h,72 h and 7 d postinjury.Conclusion:It is highly suggested that intestinal mucosa apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gut barrier damage,and c-fos expression might be highly responsible for the apoptosis,proliferation and renovation of the small intestinal mucosa.
RESUMO
Objective:The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) and metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in the small intestine and to explore the potential role of NF-?B and MMP-9 in the damage of gut mucosal barrier after traumatic brain injury.Methods:The trauma was produced by a free-falling weight on the exposed dura of right parietal lobe.The rats were randomly divided into control group and traumatic brain injury groups at hours 3,12,24 and 72,and on day 7.NF-?B binding activity in the small intestine was studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),and the expression of MMP-9 was studied by immunohistochemistry.Results:The results showed that NF-?B binding activity and MMP-9 expression in the small intestine was progressively increased,reached the maximum at 72 h and kept at high level up to 7 d after TBI.Concomitant upregulation of NF-?B~()and MMP-9 was observed.MMP-9 positively immunostained cells were mainly located at villous interstitium,lamina propria,crypt and submucosal layer,including endothelial cells,lymphocytes and neutrophils.Conclusion:It was concluded that cortical contusion trauma could induce a concomitant and persistent upregulation of NF-?B binding activity and MMP-9 expression in the small intestine which might play a central role in the~()damage of gut mucosal barrier.
RESUMO
Objectives:To investigate the effects of zinc supplements on the nutritional state of gut mucosa after major burns. Methods:Weanling rats were fed zinc deficient chows (zinc content: 1.6 ?g/g) for seven days to induce zinc deficient status. Then 20% TBSA deeper second degree scalds were made and the rats were divided into three groups fed on chows different in zinc contents. Zinc contents were 1.6 ?g/g, 24.7 ?g/g, 286.9 ?g/g respectively. A group of rats fed normal zinc content (24.7 ?g/g) diets before and after scalds was designed as control. Rats were killed on the eighth day after burns and certain sections of jejunum and ileum were resected. Vincristine was injected 6 hours before they were killed, which was supposed to block cell division in metaphase. DNA and protein contents as well as crypt cell production rate (CCPR) were calculated. Results: DNA contents and CCPR of jejunal mucosa were markedly improved in the group of zinc supplements. Protein contents were also improved to some extent. The same trend could be seen in ileac mucosa too. Conclusions: Zinc plays an important role on the nutritional states and proliferation of gut mucosal cells. To supplement zinc after major burns in rats with zinc deficent could help to repair the injured intestinal mucosa.
RESUMO
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to explore the alterations of intestinal mucosa morphology and barrier function, and to determine how rapidly impairment of gut barrier function occurs and how long it persists following traumatic brain injury. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (6 rats each group) including controls without brain injury and traumatic brain injury groups at hours 3, 12, 24, 72 and days 7. The intestinal mucosa structure was detected by histopathological examination and electron microscopy. Gut barrier dysfunction was evaluated by detecting serum endotoxin and intestinal permeability. The level of serum endotoxin and intestinal permeability were measured by using chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate and lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio, respectively. Results: After traumatic brain injury, the histopathological alterations of gut mucosa occurred rapidly as early as 3 hours and progressed to a serious state, including shedding of epithelial cells, fracture of villi, focal ulcer, fusion of adjacent villi, dilation of central chyle duct, mucosal atrophy, and vascular dilation, congestion and edema in the villous interstitium and lamina propria. Apoptosis of epithelial cells, fracture and sparseness of microvilli, loss of tight junction between enterocytes, and damage of mitochondria and endoplasm were found by electron microscope. The villous height, crypt depth and surface area in jejunum decreased progressively with the time of brain injury. The level of serum endotoxin and L/M ratio were significantly higher in traumatic brain injury groups than that in control (P
RESUMO
Recently, much attention has been paid to the gut mucosal oxygenation in shock resuscitation, because many studies has been reported that the ultimate etiologies of death due to shock are mainly due to multiple organ failure caused by translocation of endotoxins and microorganisms from the ischemic gut mucosa. As there has been persistent controvesies over the relative merits of various kinds of resuscitation fluids in regard to the tissue oxygenation during management of shock, we studied the effects of various kinds of resuscitation fluids on the gut mucosal oxygenation with cats which were in hemorrhagic shcok 24 anesthetized cats were subjected to ge to decrease the mean arterial blood pressure to 40~45 mmHg and this pressure was maintained for 120 minutes (oligemic period). After this period, normal saline, hydroxyethyl starch and hypertonic saline/dextran mixture were administered respectively to raise systolic blood pressure up to 85 mmHg over 30 minutes and this level was maintained for another 120 minutes (post-oligemic period). Mesenteric venous oxygen tension, mesenteric venous-arterial lactate difference, carbon dioxide tension difference and arterial-venous pH difference were measured far evaluating the effects of three groups of resucitation fluids in regard to the gut mucosal oxygenation. There were no statistical significances among three groups by measuring the venous oxygen tension, venous-arterial carbon dioxide difference, arterial-venous pH difference. But venousarterial lactate difference in normal saline resuscitation group was significantly elevated from 5.0 +/-l.l mg/dl immediately after fluid resuscitation to 8.4+/-1.8 mg/dl 1 hour after fluid resuscitation (p<0.05). The difference in normal saline group was significantly high compared to the hydroxyethyl starch group which was 4.4+/-0.5 mg/dl and also compared to the hypertonic saline/dextran mixture group which was 4.1+/-0.9 mg/dl (p<0.05). Hydroxyethly starch and hypertonic saline/dextran mixture are more effective than normal saline in regard to the gut mucosal oxygenation in shock resuscitation, based on changes in venous-arterial lactate difference in each group. Further clinical studies may be needad.