Henoch Schonlein purpura and antacids / 中国小儿急救医学

Henoch Schonlein purpura(HSP), also known as immunoglobulin A vasculitis, is the most common vasculitis in children, which involves skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints and kidney.Glucocorticoid is the conventional treatment for HSP patients with digestive system symptoms.Antacids, including H 2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors, are often used in combination with glucocorticoids in order to avoid the adverse reactions of glucocorticoids therapy.Antacids may play a role in the treatment of HSP patients by alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms, adjuvant treatment of secondary acute pancreatitis, inhibiting Helicobacter pylori and reducing the adverse reactions of glucocorticoids.However, there are few studies and more exploration is needed.

Prevalencia de prescripción inapropiada de terapia supresora de ácido en adultos hospitalizados en un hospital general de Bogotá / Prevalence of Inappropriate Prescription of Acid Suppression Therapy among Adults Hospitalized at a General Hospital in Bogotá

Resumen Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de prescripción de terapia supresora de ácido (TSA) conformada por los inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) y los antagonistas de los receptores H2 (AR-H2) en pacientes adultos hospitalizados en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (HU-FSFB) que no corresponda con las indicaciones de las guías de práctica clínica (GPC). Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal que incluyó pacientes adultos hospitalizados en el HU-FSFB con prescripción de TSA de novo, determinando las indicaciones de la TSA y comparándolas con las indicaciones validadas. Se excluyeron los pacientes con prescripción o consumo previo de TSA durante 2 semanas y pacientes internados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) o con hospitalización menor de un día. Resultados: entre enero y julio de 2015 se incluyeron 306 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 56,6 (+38) años, con una prevalencia de prescripción de TSA sin indicación basada en la evidencia del 59,5%. Las indicaciones no basadas en la evidencia más comunes fueron profilaxis de sangrado por úlcera gastrointestinal en pacientes de bajo riesgo (64,9%) y causa no establecida (13,7%). Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el tiempo de hospitalización menor de 7 días (odds ratio [OR]: 2,39; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 1,4-3,9) y edad menor de 60 años (OR: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,2-3,03) con prescripción inapropiada de TSA. Conclusión: existe una alta prevalencia (59,5%) de prescripción inapropiada de TSA en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con asociación positiva en menores de 60 años y corta hospitalización en el HU-FSFB.

Abstract Objective: This study's objective was to determine the prevalence of prescriptions of acid suppression therapy consisting of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) in adult patients hospitalized in the Hospital Universitario - Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (HU-FSFB - Santa Fe de Bogotá Foundation University Hospital) that are not in accordance with clinical practice guidelines (CPG). Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive observational study that included adult patients hospitalized in the HU-FSFB who were treated with acid suppressors for the first time. We determined the indications for prescriptions used and compared them with validated indications. We excluded patients who had previously taken acid suppressants for two weeks, patients admitted to the intensive care unit, and patients who stayed in the hospital for less than one day. Results: Between January and July 2015, 306 patients with an average age of 56.6 years were included in this study. The prevalence of acid suppression prescriptions without indications based on the evidence was 59.5%. The most common indications were prophylaxis of bleeding due to gastrointestinal ulcers in low risk patients (64.9%) and cause not established (13.7%). Statistically significant associations were found between inappropriate prescription of acid suppression and hospitalization times of less than seven days (OR: 2.39 95% CI 1.4-3.9) and ages of less than 60 years (OR: 1.9 95% CI 1.2-3.03). Conclusion: The prevalence of inappropriate prescriptions of acid suppression for adult patients hospitalized in the HU-FSFB was (59.5%). There were positive associations with ages under 60 years and short hospital stays.

Study on Synthetic Process of Roxatidine Acetate / 沈阳医学院学报

Objective: To synthesize roxatidine acetate and its salt. Methods: Using orthogonal test method, reactant ratio was made. Roxatidine acetate was synthesized. Excel was used to synthesize data and make statistics chart. Result: Salt of roxatidine ac?etate was synthesized in four steps with overall yield of 28?8%. Conclusion: The process is moderate and simple and the production cost is low.

Two Cases of H2-Receptor Antagonist Hypersensitivity and Cross-Reactivity

H2-receptor antagonists, such as cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine, are some of the most commonly prescribed medications for gastric acid-related disorders. These compounds are generally well-tolerated and anaphylactic reactions to them are rare. Here, we report two cases of H2-receptor antagonist-induced anaphylactic reactions: the first presented with sudden dyspnea, sneezing, urticaria, and swelling of the eyelids after ranitidine intake. The second presented with sudden severe urticaria, facial swelling, chest discomfort, dizziness, and hypotension. Possible cross-reactivity with other H2-receptor antagonists was assessed by oral challenge and skin tests. To date, only a few reports addressing cross-reactivity among H2-receptor antagonists have been published. We review the literature and summarize the data available on drug cross-reactivity in H2-receptor antagonist hypersensitivity.

Profilaxia dos sangramentos gastrintestinais em Medicina de Urgência / Prophylaxis of gastrointestinal bleeding in Emergency Medicine

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O sangramento gastrintestinal agudo é uma condição comum que, geralmente, demanda admissão em unidades de emergência, além de representar também complicação frequente naqueles pacientes previamente internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). A hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) possui incidência anual de 50 a 150 para cada 100.000 habitantes, ocorrendo duas vezes mais em homens e aumenta com a idade; a hemorragia digestiva baixa (HDB) apresenta incidência de 20,5 a 27 para cada 100.000 habitantes e a úlcera por estresse é clinicamente evidente em 15% dos casos sem profilaxia e em 1,5% a 8% daqueles com profilaxia. Neste cenário, este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar os métodos profiláticos primários e secundários utilizados nos sangramentos gastrintestinais em Medicina de urgência, bem como suas indicações atuais baseadas em evidências. CONTEÚDO: Revisão narrativa com período delimitado entre os anos de 1970 a 2010, com busca de artigos disponíveis e resumos em bases de dados como Scielo, LILACS, Medline, Pubmed, Sumsearch, National Guideline Clearinghouse, assim como livros relacionados à área de Medicina intensiva e emergência. CONCLUSÃO: No manuseio das úlceras por estresse são utilizados os antagonistas do receptor H2 (AR2H) como método de escolha, seguidos do sucralfato, antiácidos e inibidores da bomba de prótons (IBP). Nos sangramentos gastrintestinais utilizam-se preferencialmente os IBP e nas roturas de varizes esofágicas, escleroterapia e ligaduras elásticas. Nestes casos, o ressangramento pode ser prevenido com betabloqueadores e nitrato.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute gastrointestinal bleeding is a common condition that usually requires admission to the emergency room and also represents a complication in patients previously hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU). The upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) has an annual incidence of 50-150 per 100,000 inhabitants, occurring twice as often in men and increases with age, the lower gastrointestinal bleeding presents incidence from 20.5 to 27 per 100,000 and the stress ulcer is clinically evident in 15% of cases without prophylaxis and 1.5% to 8% of those with prophylaxis. In this scenario, this paper had as objective to present the primary and secondary prophylactic methods to control gastrointestinal bleedings in Emergency Medicine, as well as your indications based on the best actual evidences. CONTENTS: Narrative bounded between the years 1970 to 2010, with search articles and abstracts available on databases such as Scielo, LILACS, Medline, Pubmed, Sumsearch, National Guideline Clearinghouse, as well as books related to area of critical care medicine and emergency. CONCLUSION: In the management of stress ulcers are used H2 receptor antagonists (AR2H) as a method of choice, followed by sucralfate, antacids and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). In gastrointestinal bleeding are used preferentially IBPs and in ruptures of esophageal varices, sclerotherapy and elastic bandages. In these cases, rebleeding can be prevented with beta-blockers and nitrates.

The Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Ranitidine and Rabeprazole in Reflux Laryngitis / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Reflux laryngitis gives rise to inflammatory change in the pharyngolaryngeal tissue with various otolaryngologic and respiratory symptoms. Histamine H2 receptor antagonists and H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase are currently used as therapeutic medications. However, the efficacy of those two drugs on reflux laryngitis has never been proven yet. Therefore, we intended to analyze and compare the efficacy of the two drugs on reflux laryngitis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Among the patients who had visited the Department of Otolaryngology, those with the total score of greater than 6 and having more than 2 symptoms that score greater than 2, had undergone laryngoscopy. Of these, the patients who had shown greater than 7 on the Belafsky's Reflux Finding Score (RFS) were studied. The RAN (Ranitidine) group (59 subjects) with Ranitidine administered and RAB (Rabeprazole)group (66 subjects) with Rabeprazole were followed up for 12 weeks, and then the efficacy of each drug was evaluated at 2nd, 4th, and 12th week. Then, the Symptom Score Improvement (SSI) and RFS were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: In comparison the RAN group that had Histamine H2 receptor antagonists and prokinetic agents administered to the RAB group that had H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase and prokinetic agents administered for the improvement of symptoms caused by reflux laryngitis, no difference was observed till after the first 2 weeks. On the evaluation at 4th and 12th week, statistically higher therapeutic efficacy was shown to a great extent in the RAB group. The findings of laryngoscopy at the 12th week also showed higher therapeutic efficacy in the RAB group. In comparison of symptoms between the groups, there were significant differences in pharyngolaryngeal foreign body sense and chronic throat clearing, and laryngeal edema and injection as well. CONCLUSION: For therapy of reflux laryngitis patients with moderately severe symtpoms, the use of H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase and prokinetic agents were superior in improving symptoms and clinicopathologic findings of larynx than Histamine H2 receptor antagonists and prokinetic agents.