Implementing Expanded Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing in Public Health Centers in Seoul, 2015 / 감염과화학요법

In 2015, rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was implemented in all 25 public health centers in Seoul. During March and December 2015, 20,987 rapid HIV tests were performed, of which 116 (0.5%) were positive. Compared to those of the period before application of the rapid HIV test in place of conventional enzyme immunoassay method, the number of HIV tests performed and the number of positive results increased by sevenfold and twofold, respectively. In conclusion, expansion of the provision of rapid HIV tests in public health centers increased the number of voluntary HIV tests.

Implementing Expanded Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing in Public Health Centers in Seoul, 2015 / 감염과화학요법

In 2015, rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was implemented in all 25 public health centers in Seoul. During March and December 2015, 20,987 rapid HIV tests were performed, of which 116 (0.5%) were positive. Compared to those of the period before application of the rapid HIV test in place of conventional enzyme immunoassay method, the number of HIV tests performed and the number of positive results increased by sevenfold and twofold, respectively. In conclusion, expansion of the provision of rapid HIV tests in public health centers increased the number of voluntary HIV tests.

Mobile internet based survey of current status of HIV test and related factors in men who have sex with men in college students in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the current status of HIV test during the past year and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in college students in China.Methods Based on a MSM website,a cross-sectional study was conducted in 500 MSM in college students aged 18-25 years,who were selected based on the estimated HIV detection rate of 50％ in this population,by means of mobile phone questionnaire survey.x2 test and non-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify the factors related with HIV test,respectively.Results The mean age of MSM in college students was 20.99 (± 0.04) years and the HIV test rate during the past year was 47.1％ (652/1 384).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that active factors associated with HIV test included awareness of HIV test (OR=6.37,95％CI:3.592-11.300),willing to receive regular HIV testing (OR=2.64,95％CI:1.191-2.631) well-knowing or not knowing of the HIV infection statues of their regular sex partners (OR=3.58,95％ CI:2.138-5.996),(OR=2.25,95％ CI:1.479-3.422),respectively.The negative factors associated with HIV test included believing their regular sex partners not being infected with HIV (OR=0.65,95％CI:0.445-0.938),having only one regular sex partner during the past year (OR=0.37,95％CI:0.232-0.589).Conclusion The survey indicated that the HIV test rate in MSM in college students during the past year was low.The MSM in college students are usually sexual active,but less of them received HIV test due to the trust between them and less number of sexual partners.Close attention should be paid to the AIDS intervention in this population.

Mobile internet based survey of current status of HIV test and related factors in men who have sex with men in college students in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the current status of HIV test during the past year and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in college students in China.Methods Based on a MSM website,a cross-sectional study was conducted in 500 MSM in college students aged 18-25 years,who were selected based on the estimated HIV detection rate of 50％ in this population,by means of mobile phone questionnaire survey.x2 test and non-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify the factors related with HIV test,respectively.Results The mean age of MSM in college students was 20.99 (± 0.04) years and the HIV test rate during the past year was 47.1％ (652/1 384).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that active factors associated with HIV test included awareness of HIV test (OR=6.37,95％CI:3.592-11.300),willing to receive regular HIV testing (OR=2.64,95％CI:1.191-2.631) well-knowing or not knowing of the HIV infection statues of their regular sex partners (OR=3.58,95％ CI:2.138-5.996),(OR=2.25,95％ CI:1.479-3.422),respectively.The negative factors associated with HIV test included believing their regular sex partners not being infected with HIV (OR=0.65,95％CI:0.445-0.938),having only one regular sex partner during the past year (OR=0.37,95％CI:0.232-0.589).Conclusion The survey indicated that the HIV test rate in MSM in college students during the past year was low.The MSM in college students are usually sexual active,but less of them received HIV test due to the trust between them and less number of sexual partners.Close attention should be paid to the AIDS intervention in this population.

Implementing the Use of Rapid HIV Tests in Public Health Centers in Seoul: Results of a Pilot Project, 2014

To determine whether rapid HIV tests in public health centers might encourage voluntary HIV testing, a pilot project was conducted in four selected public health centers in Seoul, 2014. During the period April 10 to November 28 of pilot project, 3,356 rapid tests were performed, and 38 were confirmed as positive. The monthly average numbers of voluntary HIV tests and HIV-positive cases were up to nine-fold and six-fold larger, respectively, than those of the period before application of the rapid HIV test. Among 2,051 examinees that completed questionnaires, 90.3% were satisfied. In conclusion, the use of rapid HIV tests in public health centers promoted voluntary HIV testing and was satisfactory for examinees.

What is New in HIV Infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and treatment updates include screening recommendations, fourthgeneration testing, preexposure prophylaxis, and a paradigm shift; treatment is prevention. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine HIV screening in persons 15 to 65 years of age, regardless of risk. Fourth-generation testing is replacing the Western blot and can identify those with acute HIV infection. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the OraQuick In-Home HIV Test; however, there are concerns about reduced sensitivity, possible misinterpretation of results, potential for less effective counseling, and possible cost barriers. Preexposure prophylaxis (effective in select high-risk adult populations) is the combination of safer sex practices and continuous primary care prevention services, plus combination antiretroviral therapy. Concerns for preexposure prophylaxis include the necessity of strict medication adherence, limited use among high-risk populations, and community misconceptions of appropriate use. Evidence supports combination antiretroviral therapy as prevention for acute HIV infection, thus lowering community viral loads. Evidence has increased supporting combination antiretroviral therapy for treatment at any CD4 cell count. Resistance testing should guide therapy in all patients on entry into care. Within two weeks of diagnosis of most opportunistic infections, combination antiretroviral therapy should be started; patients with tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis require special considerations.

Intervención basada en pruebas diagnósticas para un enfoque integral de las infecciones de transmisión sexual / Intervention based on diagnostic tests for a sexual transmitted diseases' integral approach

Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en diversas comunidades del municipio Manicaragua para Identificar la infección por el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana, Virus de Hepatitis B, Virus de Hepatitis C y Treponema pallidum en 448 personas sexualmente activas entre 15 y 59 años de población general. A partir del consentimiento informado y con una explicación de la dinámica de la investigación se procedió a la toma de la muestra y a la entrevista personal. Se aplicaron los principios de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS): equidad, integración y empoderamiento. Se realizó intervención educativo-preventiva y consejería. Las muestras fueron procesadas por tecnología SUMA y se realizó la determinación de anticuerpos al Treponema pallidum por serología VDRL. La positividad general fue de 2,6 por ciento a expensas de los virus de hepatitis y dentro de éstos la reactividad serológica al Virus de Hepatitis C fue 1,33 por ciento y al Virus de Hepatitis B de 0,88 por ciento. A su vez se detectaron dos personas con serología VDRL débil reactiva. No se identificaron personas infectadas por el VIH. Las personas con reactividad serológica VHC y VHB desconocían su estatus serológico. La población que resultó reactiva a las pruebas realizadas fueron mayoritariamente mujeres, en las edades medias de la vida. Se hizo entrega de los resultados al médico de atención primaria. Las personas que accedieron voluntariamente a la prueba de VIH tuvieron otras opciones pues dispusieron de información sobre las ITS-VIH, participaron de un instante de reflexión y análisis personal sobre su percepción de riesgo y finalmente conocieron su estatus serológico ante cuatro agentes causales de estas infecciones.

We carried out a cross-sectional, descriptive study in several communities of the municipality of Manicaragua to identify the infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Treponema pallidum in 448 sexually active people aged 15-59 years from the general population. Starting with the informed consent and a dynamic explanation of the investigation we took samples and did personal interviews. We applied the principles of the Primary Health Care: equity, integration and empowering. We developed an educative-preventive intervention and advisory. The samples were processed by SUMA technology, and the determination of the Treponema pallidum was made by VDRL serology. The general positivity was 2,6 per cent at the expenses of the hepatitis viruses, and among them, the serologic reactivity to the Hepatitis C Virus was 1,33 per cent, and to the Hepatitis B Virus of 0,88 per cent. We also detected two persons with mild reactive VDRL serology. We did not identified persons infected with the HIV. The persons with VHC and VHB serologic reactivity did not know their serologic status. The population who resulted reactive to the tests was mainly middle/aged women. We gave the results to the primary care physician. The persons who voluntarily agreed the HIV tests had other options because they had information on STD/HIV, made a reflection and personal analysis on their risk perception and finally knew their serologic status about four causal agents of these infections.

Influencing factors on behavior related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers based on the Structural Equation Model / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the influencing factors on behavior related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers under Structural Equation Model (SEM).Methods In Chongqing,Sichuan,Guangxi,Xinjiang provinces,1613 female commercial sex workers were participated in a questionnaire survey.Factors on behaviors related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers were analyzed based on SEM.Results Influencing factors on behaviors related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers would include social status,knowledge on AIDS,risk through self-evaluation,condom use,frequency of sexual services etc.GFI,AGFI,RMR were 0.9952,0.9898 and 0.0115 respectively.Conclusion Social status,knowledge on AIDS,risk through self-evaluation,condom use and frequency of sexual services were affecting the behaviors related to HIV testing among female commercial sex workers.

O aconselhamento para realização da sorologia anti-HIV em gestantes / Counseling for the realization of anti-HIV serology among pregnant women

Introdução: devido à importância do número de casos de aids entre mulheres e o consequente aumento da transmissão materno-infantil, o município de Ribeirão Preto/SP instituiu em 1996 o "Protocolo de oferecimento da sorologia anti-HIV no pré-natal com aconselhamento pré e pós-teste" em toda rede básica de saúde. Objetivo: contextualizar como se dá o processo de aconselhamento na percepção de enfermeiros e médicos ginecologistas. Métodos: como referencial teórico utilizamos o conceito de vulnerabilidade e no metodológico utilizamos a análise de prosa de André (1993), pós-realização de grupos focais. O tópico explorado foi o aconselhamento. Resultados: Foram extraídos dois núcleos temáticos: aconselhamento e processo de trabalho. No aconselhamento emergiram subtemas: o caráter voluntário do teste anti-HIV; a percepção de risco; a quebra da cadeia de transmissão e os sentimentos mobilizadores frente ao HIV/aids. No núcleo temático processo de trabalho foram gerados os subtemas: planejamento das ações nas unidades de saúde e recursos humanos em saúde. Levamos em consideração as múltiplas dimensões da prática do aconselhamento frente ao modelo assistencial vigente e à subjetividade dos atores envolvidos. Conclusão: apesar de todo o avanço no campo científico e tecnológico, a aids continua sendo uma doença que mobiliza muitos sentimentos, entre eles medo, confusão, desinformação e discriminação. Ficou evidente a necessidade de se priorizar temas transversais como sexualidade e drogas na formação destes profissionais, marcador indelével deste estudo. Para melhorar a qualidade da assistência usando a estratégia do aconselhamento serão necessárias reflexões e análises da prática do aconselhamento, sob a ótica da relação profissional de saúde/usuário, visando a sensibilização para a necessidade de mudança no modo de fazer o trabalho em saúde.

Introduction: due to the large number of cases of aids among women and the consequent increase in mother-to-child transmission, the city of Ribeirão Preto - SP established in 1996 the "Protocol to offer of anti-HIV testing in prenatal advice on pre and post-test" in all core network of health. Objective: to discuss the process of counseling in the perception of nurses and doctors gynecologists. Methods: the concept of vulnerability was used as theoretical reference and Analisis of Prose, André (1993), was used as the methodology post-execution of focus groups. The topic explored was counseling. Results: we extracted two thematic groups: counseling and work process. In counseling emerged the sub themes: the voluntary character of HIV test; perception of risk; breaking the chain of transmission and feelings facing the HIV/aids. At the core thematic work process, were generated the sub themes: planning ofactions in units of health and human resources in health. We took into account the multiple dimensions of the practice of counseling based on the existing care model and subjectivity of the actors involved. Conclusion: despite all the progress in scientific and technological s, aids remains a disease that mobilizes many feelings, such as fear, confusion, misinformation and discrimination. The need to prioritize cross-cutting themes such as sexuality and drugs in the training of these professionals was evident. To improve the quality of care using the strategy of counseling necessary with reflection and analysis of practical counseling, from the perspective of the relationship of health professional-patient, aimed at raising awareness of the need to change in the way ofdoing the work in health.

An analysis of HIV test results among pregnant women in Henan province in 2005-2007 / 中国艾滋病性病

Objective To understand the HIV infection status among pregnant women in Henan province and provide basis for preventing mother to child transmission of AIDS.Methods The HIV-test results obtained from January 2005 to May 2007 among pregnant woman in 31 counties(districts)with relatively high HIV prevalence were analyzed.Results A total of 720 605 pregnant woman were tested for HIV antibody,of whom 541 were identified HIV positive and the HIV-positive rate was 0.08%.Of the 364 HIV positive pregnant women 223(61.26%)decided voluntarily to terminate pregnancy,while 136(37.88%)chose to continue with their pregnancy,and the proportion of HIV positive pregnant women who continued with the pregnancy in the 3 different years was 31.51%(46/146),36.31%(57/157)and 54.10%(33/61),respectively,showing an yearly rising trend.Of the 284 HIV positive mothers 250(88.03%)received PMTCT intervention.Conclusion The rate of PMTCT in HIV-positive pregnant women can be further improved by increasing HIV testing among pregnant women and HIV positive women of child bearing age and by early identifying and managing them.