Density Of Eggs and Larvae of Aedes Spp and the Characteristics of their Larvae Habitat in Endemic Dengue Area of Ternate City

@#Introduction: Dengue Fever (DF) is a disease spread by Aedes spp. caused by dengue virus infection. The study aimed to identify the density of Aedes spp eggs and larvas stages and the characteristics of their habitat in dengue-endemic areas in Ternate City in September-December 2021. Methods: the research was conducted in four dengue-endemic villages in Ternate City, namely Sangaji, Maliaro, Bastiong Karance, and Bastiong Talangame village. In 80 households, egg density was determined by placing 2 ovitraps in each house, one inside and one outside the house. After a week, the filter paper which is a medium mosquito to lay their eggs in the ovitrap was collected, and the ovitrap index value was calculated. The value of the House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breuteu Index (BI) was used to calculate the larval density. The type and materials of the containers were used to assess the parameters of the larval environment. Results: The ovitrap index value in the four villages was categorized as moderate level 3 (27.50% -36.25%). The highest larval density was found in Sangaji Village (HI = 81%), while the lowest was in Bastion Talangame Village (HI = 70%). The highest CI and BI values were found in Bastiong Karance Village (CI=51.5% and BI=190%), and the lowest was in Maliaro Village (CI=37.5% and BI=128%). Density figures in all endemic villages have a high larval density with a value of 8. Conclusion: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the types and the materials of containers in each village in Dengue endemic areas. The high density of the egg and larval stage and the information characteristic of habitat Aedes spp. could be considered as basic information for dengue vector control in Ternate City.

Density Of Eggs and Larvae of Aedes Spp. and the Characteristics of their Larvae Habitat in Endemic Dengue Area In Ternate City

@#Introduction: Dengue Fever (DF) is a disease spread by Aedes spp. caused by dengue virus infection. The study aimed to identify the density of egg and larval Aedes spp. stages and the characteristics of their habitat in dengue-endemic areas in Ternate City in September 2021. Methods: the research was conducted in four dengue-endemic villages in Ternate City, including Sangaji, Maliaro, Bastiong Karance, and Bastiong Talangame. In 80 households, egg density was determined utilizing ovitrap placement of up to two pieces per dwelling, one inside and one outside the house. After a week of ovitrap installation, the filter paper was collected, and the ovitrap index value was calculated. The value of the House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breuteu Index (BI) was used to calculate the larval density. The type and materials of the containers were used to assess the parameters of the larval environment. Results: The ovitrap index value in the four sub-districts was categorized as moderate level 3 (27.50% -36.25%). The highest larval density was found in Sangaji Village (HI = 81%), while the lowest was in Bastion Talangame Village (HI = 70%). The highest CI and BI values were found in Bastiong Karance Village (CI=51.5% and BI=190%), and the lowest was in Maliaro Village (CI=37.5% and BI=128%). Density figures in all endemic villages have a high larval density with a value of 8. Conclusion: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the types and the materials of containers in each village in DF endemic areas. The high density of the egg and larval stage and the information characteristic of habitat Aedes spp. Could be considered the basis of information dengue vector prevention and control in Ternate City.

Spatial variation of five co-existing siluriformes in an atlantic rain forest drainage

Five species of Siluriformes were registered in the Ubatiba system. Pimelodella lateristriga was the dominant one, followed by Hypostomus gr. punctatus, Rineloricaria sp., Callichthys callichthys and Rhamdia sp. Simple correlation analysis between species density and habitat parameters indicated that hydrology explained density patterns of four species. Pimelodella densities were negatively correlated with pools, Callichthys and Hypostomus densities were positively correlated with runs and Rhamdia densities were positively correlated with riffles; Rineloricaria densities did not respond to any hydrological parameter. Substrata were an important factor to all species, but specific preferences were observed. Marginal vegetation was positively correlated only to Pimelodella densities. Sorensen dissimilarity analysis indicated that site groups, based on both species composition and habitat parameters, were very similar and corroborated the correlation analysis suggesting that Siluriformes composition should be explained by many habitat parameters. Analysis of co-variation of species densities at each sampling occasion showed to be statistically similar in at least all (100 percent) analysed cases indicating that Siluriformes composition was strongly persistent in time.

Cinco espécies de Siluriformes foram registradas no sistema fluvial do rio Ubatiba, Pimelodella lateristriga foi a espécie dominante seguida de Hypostomus gr. punctatus, Rineloricaria sp., Callichthys callichthys e Rhamdia sp. Análises de correlação simples entre as densidades das espécies e as variáveis de hábitat indicaram que a hidrologia explicou os padrões de densidade de quatro espécies; as densidades de Pimelodella foram negativamente correlacionadas com a presença de poças, as densidades de Callichthys e Hypostomus foram positivamente correlacionadas com os rápidos e as densidades de Rhamdia foram positivamente correlacionadas com as corredeiras; as densidades de Rineloricaria não responderam a nenhum dos parâmetros hydrológicos analisados. O substrato foi um importante fator para todas as espécies, mas preferências específicas foram observadas. A vegetação marginal foi positivamente correlacionada apenas com as densidades de Pimelodella. A análise de dissimilaridade de Sorensen indicou que os grupos de localidades que se formaram com base tanto na composição de espécies como nas variáveis de hábitat foram muito semelhantes e corroboraram os resultados das análises de correlação, sugerindo que a composição de Siluriformes do rio Ubatiba pode ser explicada por várias características do hábitat. As análises de co-variância das densidades das espécies em cada momento amostral mostraram-se significativamente similares em todos (100 por cento) os casos analisados, indicando que a composição de Siluriformes é persistente e se mantém em escala temporal.