Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty from Hainan Province / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP)from Hainan province.Methods A total of 216 cases of ICPP girls admitted to Hainan Women and Children's Medical Centre from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected.The frequency statistics and grading of TCM syndromes in the included ICPP girls were carried out,and the distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes were discussed on the basis of the analysis of the three TCM syndrome types of yin deficiency and fire exuberance syndrome,qi and blood insufficiency syndrome and incoordination between heart and kidney syndrome.Results(1)The age of ICPP onset in 216 girls were between 4 and 10 years old,with an average onset age of(7.15±1.06)years.The highest incidence rate of ICPP was found in the girls aged over 7 years old while less than 8 years old,which was 49.54%.(2)Of the three TCM syndrome types,yin deficiency and fire exuberance syndrome accounted for the highest proportion(147 cases,68.06%),followed by the qi and blood insufficiency syndrome(41 cases,18.98%)and the incoordination between heart and kidney syndrome(28 cases,12.96%).(3)The common 16 TCM symptoms(frequency＞25.0%)in descending order of frequency were aversion to heat and night sweating,feverish sensation in soles and palms,breast distension and pain,irritability,thready and rapid pulse,dry stools,dry throat and mouth,hot flushes,excessive intake of fat and sweet food,red tongue with less fur,depression,mental weakness,flushed cheeks,insomnia and dreaminess,red tongue with yellow fur,and bitterness and dryness in the mouth.(4)The distribution of the age in ICPP girls with various syndromes was as follows:yin deficiency and fire exuberance syndrome and qi and blood insufficiency syndrome were more common in the ICPP girls aged over 7 years old while less than 8 years old(accounting for 58.50%and 51.22%),and incoordination between heart and kidney syndrome was more common in ICPP girls aged over 8 years old while less than 9 years old(accounting for 89.29%).Conclusion Yin deficiency and fire exuberance syndrome is the common TCM syndrome that accounts for the highest proportion in ICPP girls from Hainan province.The study of the distribution of TCM syndromes in girls with precocious puberty will be helpful for the observation of the early clinical symptoms of precocious puberty and early diagnosis of the disease,and can provide clues and evidence for the clinical diagnosis and medication for girls with ICPP.

Screen exposure among children aged 6-12 years in Hainan Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the screen exposure status and influencing factors among 6-12 year-old children in Hainan Province, so as to provide insights into screen exposure intervention for children.@*Methods@#Children aged 6-12 years from 18 counties (cities) in Hainan Province were selected using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from December 2020 to July 2021. Demographic information, parents' educational level, family type and screen time was collected using questionnaire surveys. The screen exposure rate of children was analyzed, and factors affecting screen exposure were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 27 501 children were surveyed, including 13 901 boys (50.55%) and 13 600 girls (49.45%). The mean age was (9.22±1.86) years. Among them, 3 925 children had screen exposure, with a screen exposure rate of 14.27%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (female, OR=0.859, 95%CI: 0.796-0.926), age (OR=1.078, 95%CI: 1.049-1.108), ethnicity (ethnic minorities, OR=1.147, 95%CI: 1.041-1.254), place of residence (rural area, OR=0.869, 95%CI: 0.801-0.944), father's educational level (high school or technical secondary school, OR=0.879, 95%CI: 0.788-0.981; college degree or above, OR=0.686, 95%CI: 0.589-0.818), mother's educational level (college degree or above, OR=0.706, 95%CI: 0.588-0.846), family type (others, OR=1.250, 95%CI: 1.105-1.414), and annual family income (>100 000 Yuan, OR=0.741, 95%CI: 0.619-0.885) were the influencing factors for screen exposure among children aged 6-12 years.@*Conclusion@#The screen exposure among children aged 6-12 years in Hainan Province was affected by gender, age, ethnicity, place of residence, parental education level, family type and annual family income.

Analysis of mental health status of Hainan residents / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To understand the mental health literacy level of residents in Hainan Province, and to provide evidence for promoting mental health promotion and improving the mental health literacy level of residents. Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was used to investigate The National Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire among 6 895 residents in 12 districts including Changjiang, Chengmai, Dongfang, Ledong, Lingshui, Haikou Longhua District, Haikou Meilan District, Qionghai, Sanya, Tunchang, Wenchang and Wuzhishan. Results　In the survey 6 895 residents in 12 counties, cities, districts of Hainan Province, 365 of them reached the standard of mental health with the standard rate of 5.3%. The mental health knowledge score was (54.00±17.02) with the standard rate of 7.7%; the self-assessment score was (26.11±3.99) with the standard rate of 75.9%; the score of mental health skill was (26.22±7.25) with the standard rate of 44.8%. The mental health literacy level of medical workers was the highest, with the standard rate of 13.5% (112/830), and the mental health literacy level of farmers was the lowest, with the standard rate of 0.8% (13/1 647). The results of unconditional Logistic regression showed that the factors entering the regression model included educational background (OR=2.268), personal monthly income (OR=1.129), gender (OR=1.302), household registration (OR=0.776), and whether they had participated in mental health related courses OR training (OR=0.511). The higher the educational background and personal monthly income, the higher the psychological quality. The mental health of women was higher than that of men, and that of urban was higher than that of rural, and those who had participated in mental health related courses were higher than those who had not. Conclusions The mental health literacy level of Hainan residents is at a low level, and the influencing factors are multifaceted. It is suggested to strengthen the mental health monitoring comprehensively and carry out rich health education service mode for different groups.

Multicenter epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in Hainan Province, 2012-2020 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics (season, age, gender, mixed infection and clinical manifestations, etc.) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children in Hainan Province, so as to provide epidemiological evidence-based medical basis for the prevention and control of MP infection in children in Hainan Province. Methods　The serum IgM antibodies of MP, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumoniae, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Q fever Rickettsia, parainfluenza virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus in children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) who were hospitalized in pediatrics of many hospitals in Hainan Province from March 2012 to February 2020 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence method. The positive serum MP-IgM antibody was defined as MP infection. The epidemiological and clinical data of MP infected cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results　From March, 2012 to February, 2020, a total of 35 731 qualified pediatric inpatients with RTIs in many hospitals in Hainan Province were tested for serum MP-IgM with the total positive rate of 39.12% (13 978/35 731). The yearly positive rates of MP-IgM from 2012 to 2020 were 48.39%, 56.23%, 56.62%, 47.04%, 29.71%, 24.14%, 47.55%, 36.84% and 24.46% respectively. The positive rates of MP-IgM in 2013 and 2014 were significantly higher than those in other years (P<0.05). The positive rate of MP-IgM in summer in Hainan Province was the highest (41.34%) and the lowest in winter (35.77%) (P<0.05). MP infection occurred in all age groups, the positive rate of MP-IgM in children of preschool (51.80%) was significantly higher than that in other age groups (P<0.01), and the positive rate of MP IgM in children of infancy (15.36%) was lower than that in other age groups (P<0.01). The positive rate of MP-IgM in female was 44.77%, which was significantly higher than that in male (35.83%) (P<0.05). MP infection combined with positive IgM of another pathogen accounted for 32.63% (4 561 cases), positive IgM of another two pathogens accounted for 1.26% (176 cases). MP infection was mostly found in pneumonia (68.73%), and the main clinical symptoms were cough (84.72%), fever (51.01%) and wheezing (3.16%). Conclusions　MP is an important pathogen of respiratory tract infection in children in Hainan Province, and infection is more common in children in early school age and early childhood. Mp-specific tests should be performed to identify the pathogen in children suspected of MP infection. In the high incidence season, health education should be strengthened in kindergartens, schools and other places to prevent respiratory tract infection.

Distribution and change of poor vision among school students aged 6-19 in Hainan Province, 2013-2020 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To explore the regional, age and annual characteristics of distribution and variation trend of children and adolescents with poor vision in Hainan Province, and to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of targeted and effective prevention and treatment strategies. Methods　The eyesight monitoring data of 5 657 231 children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 from 17 cities and counties in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2020 were analyzed. Using the "Standard Logarithmic Vision Chart" (GB11533-2011) that complies with national standards for testing. Results　The rate of poor vision among children and adolescents in Hainan Province increased significantly from 2013 to 2020, and the difference between the years was statistically significant (P<0.001). The total poor vision rate in the left eye increased 10.09% (32.79% to 42.88%), and that of severe poor vision rate increased 6.68%, while that of the right eye increased 9.80% (33.11% to 42.91%) and 6.49%. The poor vision rate was significantly higher in females than in males of same year (P<0.001), but the increase pattern was the same. In 2020, there were significant differences between the same age groups in different cities and counties and between different age groups in the same city and county (P<0.001), and they all tended to increase with age. The result of analyzing the distribution characteristics of the total poor vision rate of different age groups children in the eastern (Qionghai), southern (Sanya), western (Changjiang), northern (Haikou) and central (Dingan) cities showed that the regional rate difference was small at 6-7 years old, and then increased with the increase of age. The poor vision rate of Haikou City ranked the first in all age groups, and reached the highest at 17 years old, with 76.32% and 80.89% of total poor vision rate of left and right eyes respectively. Sanya City ranked second, Qionghai ranked third. The poor vision rate of Changjiang County was lower and the growth rate was slower according to age. Conclusions　From 2013 to 2020, the total and severe poor vision rates in left and right eyes of children aged 6-19 in Hainan Province increased year by year, with the ascension range of female higher than that of male, and right eye higher than that of left eye. In the same year, the poor vision rate increase rapidly with age. It is recommended to further strengthen the daily intervention and management of key populations and special age groups to reduce the rate of low vision in children and adolescents.

Awareness of human papillomavirus vaccine knowledge and willingness to receive human papillomavirus vaccination among women in Hainan Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine knowledge among women in Hainan Province and the willingness to receive HPV vaccination among women and their daughters, so as to provide insights into HPV vaccine promotion and cervical cancer control. @*Methods@#Women aged 20 to 64 years who participated in the cervical cancer screening program in Hainan Province from July 2021 to February 2022 were enrolled, and participants' demographics, awareness of knowledge about HPV vaccine, and willingness to receive HPV vaccination among themselves and their daughters using a questionnaire survey. The factors affecting willingness to receive HPV vaccination were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 4 300 questionnaires were allocated and 4 023 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 93.56%. The respondents had a mean age of (35.52±6.48) years, and their daughters had a mean age of (8.93±4.83) years. There were 826 participants knowing HPV vaccine-related knowledge, with an awareness rate of 20.35%. The proportions of willingness to receive HPV vaccination were 75.07% among respondents and 71.36% among their daughters. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (20 to <30 years, OR=1.474, 95%CI: 1.167-1.862; 30 to <40 years, OR=1.455, 95%CI: 1.199-1.765), urban-registered residence (OR=1.251, 95%CI: 1.016-1.541), monthly household income (3 000 to <5 000 Yuan, OR=1.568, 95%CI: 1.314-1.873; 5 000 Yuan and more, OR=1.231, 95%CI: 1.014-1.496), affordable fees for a single dose of HPV vaccination (100 to <500 Yuan, OR=1.358, 95%CI: 1.159-1.590; 500 Yuan and higher, OR=1.609, 95%CI: 1.188-2.180), and awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge (OR=4.473, 95%CI: 3.416-5.855) as factors affecting respondents' willingness to receive HPV vaccination, and participation in New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance (OR=1.652, 95%CI: 1.087-2.511), affordable fees for a single dose of HPV vaccination (100 to <500 Yuan, OR=1.905, 95%CI: 1.633-2.221; 500 Yuan and higher, OR=1.683, 95%CI: 1.275-2.223), awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge (OR=3.625, 95%CI: 2.847-4.615), daughter's active request for HPV vaccination (OR=1.695, 95%CI: 1.293-2.222), and frequency of sexual health education for daughters (frequently, OR=2.142, 95%CI: 1.789-2.564; occasionally, OR=1.707, 95%CI: 1.416-2.059) as factors affecting the willingness to receive HPV vaccination among respondents' daughters. @*Conclusions@#The awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge is low among women aged 20 to 64 years in Hainan Province, and the women's and their daughters' willingness to receive HPV vaccination is associated with age, household registration, economic level, price of HPV vaccine and awareness of HPV vaccine-related knowledge.

Trend and forecast analysis of maternal mortality rate in Hainan Province, 2003-2022 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To explore the trend of maternal mortality in Hainan Province during the period of 2003-2022, both in the province and in urban and rural areas, and to forecast the maternal mortality rate for the period 2023-2025. Methods The 2003-2022 data collected from Hainan Province's three-tier network for maternal mortality surveillance was examined using the Chi-square test for trend (CMH) to analyze the province-wide and urban-rural maternal mortality trends. The time series model forecasting using exponential smoothing was used to predict the maternal mortality rate in Hainan Province from 2023 to 2025. Results　From 2003 to 2022, a total of 201 011 616 live births and 463 maternal deaths were reported in Hainan Province, with a maternal mortality rate of 23.03 per 100 000. Over 20 years, the maternal mortality rate in Hainan Province showed a downward trend, with an annual rate of decline of -4.13%. The rate decreased significantly during this period.. From 2003 to 2022, the maternal mortality rate in rural areas of Hainan Province was 25.74/100 000 (373/1 448 943), and it was significantly higher than that in urban areas, 16.04/100 000 (90/561 173). In the first 10 years, the gap between urban and rural areas progressively reduced, but it widened significantly in the last decade, especially after 2017. The maternal mortality rate was significantly lower in urban than rural areas, and the differences had statistical significance. The annual rates of decline in maternal mortality in Hainan Province and in urban and rural areas from 2003 to 2022 were -5.0% and -3.71%, respectively, showing a negative growth with the decrease rate in rural areas lower than urban areas. The maternal mortality rate in Hainan Province showed a fluctuating downward trend, different from the stable trend of national decrease. The mortality rates for direct obstetric causes of death (233 cases) and indirect obstetric causes of death (230 cases) were 11.59/100 000 and 11.44/100 000, respectively. The results of the maternal mortality review showed a predominance of avoidable deaths (315 cases, 68.03%). Brown's cubic exponential smoothing predicted the maternal mortality rate in Hainan Province for 2023-2025 as 9.45/100 000, 8.17/100 000, and 6.89/100 000. Conclusions　The maternal mortality rate in Hainan Province is largely influenced by maternal deaths in rural areas, and maternal health care in rural areas should be emphasized. Measures such as intervening to address the main factors influencing avoidable maternal deaths, strengthening high-risk maternal management, improving the level of critical maternal care, and providing subsidies for critical maternal care can sustainably reduce the maternal mortality rate in Hainan.

Spoligotyping and drug resistance analysis of 136 drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Hainan Province / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　In order to understand and master the prevalence of different genotypes and the rate of different drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes in Hainan Province, 136 drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains collected in Hainan province in 2022 were genotyped, and to provide scientific basis for tuberculosis prevention and control strategy in Hainan Province. Methods　A total of 136 drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were collected in Hainan Province. The clinical isolates were genotyped using the Spoligotyping technique, and the drug resistance rates of different genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were statistically analyzed. Results　Among the 136 strains of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 54.41% (74/136) belonged to the Beijing types, 27.94% (38/136) to non-Beijing types and newly identified genotypes accounted for 17.65% (24/136). The Beijing type included two genotypes, SIT1 and SIT269 genotypes, accounting for 52.94% (72/136) and 1.47% (2/136) respectively. Among the non-Beijing genotypes, the T type (T1, T2, T3) accounted for 21.32% (29/136), the U type accounted for 6.62% (9/136). Clustering analysis of genotyping results revealed two major clusters, Beijing type and non-Beijing type, as well as several scattered novel genotypes. Clustering analysis of Spoligotyping results classified the 136 drug-resistant strains into 3 clusters, with a clustering rate of 75.74% (103/136). The rates of mono-resistance (MR), poly-resistance (PR), multi-drug resistance (MDR), and other types of drug resistance in Beijing type and non-Beijing type were 41.89% (31/74), 13.51% (10/74), 24.33% (18/74), 20.27% (15/74) and 36.84% (14/38), 15.79% (6/38), 26.32% (10/38), 21.05% (8/38) respectively. Chi-square test results showed no statistically significant differences in drug resistance rates between the Beijing and non-Beijing types (P>0.05). Conclusion　The genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Hainan Province showed genetic polymorphism, with the main epidemic genotype being SIT1 in the Beijing type. Monitoring of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in this genotype should be strengthened.

Effect of Wuzhishan Callicarpa nudiflora in Hainan Province on Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells and Mechanism： Based on Nrf2/ARE Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Wuzhishan Callicarpa nudiflora （LHZZ） on the sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） cells to cisplatin （DDP） and the mechanism. MethodCell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to detect the survival rate of NPC HNE1 cells after treatment with different concentration of DDP （0，2，4，8，16，32 mg·L-1） and different concentration of LHZZ （0，25，50，75，100 mg·L-1）. The following groups were designed： control group （normal HNE1 cells），DDP group （8 mg·L-1 DDP，24 h），LHZZ group （50 mg·L-1 LHZZ，24 h），DDP + LHZZ group （8 mg·L-1 DDP + 50 mg·L-1 LHZZ，24 h），DDP + LHZZ + nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） activator sulforaphane （SFN） group （8 mg·L-1 DDP + 50 mg·L-1 LHZZ，24 h， 10 μmol·L-1 SFN，24 h）. Then CCK-8 assay was employed to examine cell survival rate，colony formation test the colony-forming ability，flow cytometry and in situ terminal end-labeling（TUNEL） staining cell apoptosis，fluorescent probe 2'，7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate （DCFH-DA） the level of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in cultured cells，Western blot the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in cells，such as B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 （Bcl-2），Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax），and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 （Caspase-3），and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） the expression of Nrf2 and antioxidant response element （ARE） mRNA in cells. ResultThe survival rates of cells treated with different concentration of DDP and different concentration of LHZZ decreased compared with that in the control group （P<0.05）. Compared with the DDP group and the LHZZ group，DDP + LHZZ group demonstrated decrease in cell survival rate，number of cell colonies，and Bcl-2 level，and increase in the apoptosis level and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 （P<0.05）. However，after the addition of SFN，the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway was activated and the above variation was inhibited （P<0.05）. In addition，the level of intracellular ROS in the LHZZ group was lower than that in the control group （P<0.05） and the level in the DDP + LHZZ group was lower than that in the DDP group （P<0.05）. Moreover，the ROS level in the DDP + LHZZ + SFN group was higher than that in the DDP+LHZZ group （P<0.05）. ConclusionLHZZ can enhance the sensitivity of DDP-induced NPC apoptosis，possibly by blocking the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and inhibiting the level of ROS.

Clinical research of intercalated combination of osimertinib and docetaxel in T790M mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastasis in the southern Hainan Province / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To study the clinical application of intercalated combination of osimertinib and docetaxel in T790M mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastasis in the southern Hainan Province. Methods T790M mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastasis in the sou-thern Hainan Province treated at the Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province from January 2018 to October 2018 were enrolled,and they were divided into intercalated combination of osimertinib and docetaxel group (n = 32)and osimertinib group (n = 28)according to the treatment. The patients in intercalated combination of osimertinib and docetaxel group received oral osimertinib (80 mg,qd),and received docetaxel (75 mg/ m2 , repeated in three-week intervals)when taking to tumor progression,and oral osimertinib treatment (80 mg, qd)was maintained until tumor partial response or stable disease after chemotherapy. The patients in osimer-tinib group received oral osimertinib (80 mg,qd). The patients in both groups received zoledronic acid. The response rate,disease control rate,overall survival (OS)and the incidence of adverse reactions of both groups were contrastively analyzed. Results The response rate of intercalated combination of osimertinib and doceta-xel group (62. 5％,20 / 32)was higher than that of osimertinib group (35. 7％,10 / 28),and disease control rate (93. 8％,30 / 32)was also higher than that of osimertinib group (67. 9％,19 / 28),with statistically sig-nificant differences (χ2 = 4. 286,P = 0. 038;χ2 = 6. 687,P = 0. 010). The median OS of intercalated combi-nation of osimertinib and docetaxel group was 10. 0 months,which was longer than that of osimertinib group (9. 0 months),with statistically significant difference (χ2 = 5. 917,P = 0. 015). Moreover,the adverse reac-tions in both groups were all grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ,which could be relieved or improved through symptomatic treat-ment. Conclusion Intercalated treatment of osimertinib with docetaxel is safe and effective in T790M muta-tion-positive lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastasis in the southern Hainan Province. It can prolong the survival time of patients.

Investigation on Toxoplasma gondii infections among patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Hainan Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of the serum anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody among patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Hainan Province. Methods A total of 1 932 patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract were enrolled in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2019, including 376 esophageal cancer patients, 475 gastric cancer patients, 401 colorectal cancer patients, 427 hepatic cancer patients and 253 pancreatic cancer patients, and 400 healthy people served as controls. The serum IgG and IgM antibodies specific to T. gondii were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the seroprevalence was compared. Results The overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was significantly greater in patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract than in healthy controls (19.82% vs. 3.75%; χ2 = 60.49, P < 0.01), and no significant difference was seen in the overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody between patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract and healthy controls (1.09% vs. 0.50%; χ2 = 1.17, P > 0.05). The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was 15.16%, 19.58%, 21.70%, 23.65% and 17.79% in patients with esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer and pancreatic cancer, which was all significantly greater than in healthy controls ( χ2 = 29.97, 50.29, 58.03, 67.85 and 36.59; all P < 0.01); however, the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in patients with esophageal cancer (1.06%), gastric cancer (1.47%), colorectal cancer (0.75%), hepatic cancer (1.17%) and pancreatic cancer (0.79%) did not differ from that in healthy controls ( χ2 = 0.80, 2.02, 0.20, 1.11 and 0.21; all P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody among various types of malignant tumors of the digestive tract ( χ2 = 10.65, P < 0.05); however, no significant difference was detected in the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody ( χ2 = 1.33, P > 0.05). Conclusions There is a high seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody among patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Hainan Province, and there is a significant difference in the seroprevalence in terms of the cancer type. It is suggested that the screening for T. gondii infections should be intensified in patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract to effective prevent and control the damages to patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract caused by T. gondii infections.

Investigation on Toxoplasma gondii infections among patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Hainan Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of the serum anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody among patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Hainan Province. Methods A total of 1 932 patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract were enrolled in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2019, including 376 esophageal cancer patients, 475 gastric cancer patients, 401 colorectal cancer patients, 427 hepatic cancer patients and 253 pancreatic cancer patients, and 400 healthy people served as controls. The serum IgG and IgM antibodies specific to T. gondii were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the seroprevalence was compared. Results The overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was significantly greater in patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract than in healthy controls (19.82% vs. 3.75%; χ2 = 60.49, P < 0.01), and no significant difference was seen in the overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody between patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract and healthy controls (1.09% vs. 0.50%; χ2 = 1.17, P > 0.05). The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was 15.16%, 19.58%, 21.70%, 23.65% and 17.79% in patients with esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer and pancreatic cancer, which was all significantly greater than in healthy controls ( χ2 = 29.97, 50.29, 58.03, 67.85 and 36.59; all P < 0.01); however, the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in patients with esophageal cancer (1.06%), gastric cancer (1.47%), colorectal cancer (0.75%), hepatic cancer (1.17%) and pancreatic cancer (0.79%) did not differ from that in healthy controls ( χ2 = 0.80, 2.02, 0.20, 1.11 and 0.21; all P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody among various types of malignant tumors of the digestive tract ( χ2 = 10.65, P < 0.05); however, no significant difference was detected in the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody ( χ2 = 1.33, P > 0.05). Conclusions There is a high seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody among patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Hainan Province, and there is a significant difference in the seroprevalence in terms of the cancer type. It is suggested that the screening for T. gondii infections should be intensified in patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract to effective prevent and control the damages to patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract caused by T. gondii infections.

Relationship between HLA-B*5801 Gene Polymorphism and Allopurinol-induced ADR in Han Population of Hainan Province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between HLA-B*5801 gene polymorphism and allopurinol-induced ADR in the Han population of Hainan Province. METHODS:The in-situ hybridization fluorescence staining analysis technique was used to detect HLA-B*5801 allele of 149 inpatients receiving allopurinol in Hainan Provincial People's Hospital during Sept. 2015-Sept. 2017.They were divided into tolerance group and ADR group according to ADR.Woolf's formula was used to calculate OR. The correlation of HLA-B*5801 allele with the occurrence of allopurinol-induced ADR was analyzed. RESULTS:Of 149 patients,there were 133 cases in tolerance group,among which 17.29%(23/133)carried HLA-B*5801 allele.There were 16 cases in ADR group,among which 93.75%(15/16)carried HLA-B*5801 allele. Among 16 ADR patients,13 patients suffered from lesion of skin and its appendents;1 patient suffered from systemic damage;1 patient suffered from gastrointestinal systemic damage;1 patient suffered from central and peripheral nervous system damage. The risk of ADR in patients with HLA-B*5801 allele was significantly higher than patients without HLA-B*5801 allele(OR:71.74,95%CI:9.02-570.55,P<0.000). The lesion of skin and its appendents was strongly associated with HLA-B*5801 allele(OR:57.39,95%CI:7.11-463.50,P<0.000). CONCLUSIONS:HLA-B*5801 allele is strongly associated with allopurinol-induced ADR. It is suggested that HLA-B*5801 allele of Han patients should be detected before taking allopurinol,which helps to reduce the incidence of allopurinol-induced ADR.

Leptospirosis detection among patients with fever in Hainan Province, China / 中国人兽共患病学报

We investigated the situation of leptosperosis infection among patients with fever in Hainan Province in China.Blood samples of patient from Hainan Province in the year of 2015 were detected for Leptospira by microscope agglutination test (MAT),enzyme-linked immunity test (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR),respectively.Results showed that 179 blood samples of patients with fever were found,and microscope agglutination test detected 40 positive samples,with a infection rate of 22.35％.The infection rate was 21.65％(21/97) for male and 23.17％(19/82) for female.Seven groups of bac teria were found including Leptospira serogroup icterohemorrhagie,ballom group,autumralis group,pomona group,grippotyphosa group,Sejroe group and Batavia group.Thirty-eight samples were tested positive by ELISA,with a positive rate of 21.23 ％,in which six samples were IgM positive (detection rate =3.35 ％) and 32 samples were IgG positive (detection rate=17.88 ％).Serological detected with MAT and ELISA methods results were consistent and that were tested negative by PCR.Results of our study supported the presence of Leptospira infection infection among the patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) in Hainan Province.The main types are Leptospira serogroup icterohemorrhagie.

Group distribution characteristics of lachrymal duct obstruction diseases in major Li Miao minority areas of Hainan province / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM:To determine the group distribution characteristics of lachrymal duct obstruction diseases in major Li Miao minority areas of Hainan province. METHODS: Totally 5 353 residents were selected and researched by randomized cluster sampling in the major Li Miao minority areas of Hainan province. Ocular examination and lachrymal duct flushing were carried out, and questionnaire survey on lachrymal duct obstruction was conducted. The ratio of lachrymal duct obstruction diseases and group distribution characteristics were analyzed based on above research. RESULTS: The prevalence ratios of lachrymal duct obstruction was 4. 47% in major Li Miao minority areas of Hainan province, with 2. 62% in urban area, and 5. 93% in rural area respectively. Prevalence ratios of men and women group were 1. 69% and 6. 39% correspondingly. Difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 67. 2821, P = 0. 0000 ). The highest prevalence ratio was 40-69 year-old group, second one was 70-79 year-old group, especially for women in these groups. The prevalence ratios of Ledong, Lingshui, Baisha and Changjiang county were higher than those of Baoting, Qiongzhong county and Wuzhishan city. No significant difference was found between both eyes. CONCLUSlON: ln major Li Miao minority areas of Hainan province, lachrymal duct obstruction mainly occurs in 40-79 year-old patients, with specially higher ratio of women. Statistically, significant difference of the prevalence ratio between urban and rural areas exists. The higher prevalence ratio is attributed to age, gender, geographical location, climate condition, health environment and so on. The prevalence ratio is higher in the dry and windy areas than in the humid and less windy areas.

Multispacer Typing (MST) of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae Isolated from Humans and Rats in Chengmai County, Hainan Province, China

Spotted fever caused by spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) is found throughout China. During 2007–2008, 28 human SFGR isolates and 34 rat SFGR isolates including 15 isolates from <i>Rattus fulvescens</i>, 5 isolates from <i>R. edwardsi</i>, 7 isolates from <i>Callosciurus erythraeus roberti</i> and 7 isolates from <i>Dremomys rufigenis</i>) were obtained from L929 cell culture. Previous research indicated that the 62 strains of SFGR mentioned above shared not only the same serophenotype but also 100% of identity sequences of 16S rRNA, <i>gltA</i>, <i>ompA</i>, <i>groEL</i> and 17KD, which enabled us to apply multispacer typing (MST) to the 62 SFGR isolates in the study. Six primer pairs, which were used for typing of <i>Rickettsia rickettsii</i> and <i>Rickettsia conorii</i>, were chosen, and the results exhibited greater nucleotide polymorphisms among the 62 isolates tested. A total of 48 distinct genotypes were identified. The dominant genotype, represented by h3 isolates, accounted for 21.7% (13/60) of the isolates tested, and the remaining 47 genotypes were all unique. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the 48 genotypes could be classified in the same clade, while the genetically related strain, <i>R. heilongjiangensis</i>, was close but not the same as the cluster. We concluded that the genetically diverse of spotted fever group rickettsiae strains are endemic in Chengmai County, Hainan Province, China.

Multispacer typing (MST) of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from humans and rats in Chengmai County, Hainan Province, China

Spotted fever caused by spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) is found throughout China. During 2007—2008, 28 human SFGR isolates and 34 rat SFGR isolates including 15 isolates from <i>Rattus fulvescens</i>, 5 isolates from <i>R.edwardsi</i>, 7 isolates from <i>Callosciurus erythraeus roberti</i> and 7 isolates from <i>Dremomys rufigenis</i>) were obtained from L929 cell culture. Previous research indicated that the 62 strains of SFGR mentioned above shared not only the same serophenotype but also 100% of identity sequences of 16S rRNA, <i>gltA</i>, <i>ompA</i>, <i>groEL</i> and 17KD, which enabled us to apply multispacer typing (MST) to the 62 SFGR isolates in the study. Six primer pairs, which were used for typing of <i>Rickettsia rickettsii</i> and <i>Rickettsia conorii</i>, were chosen, and the results exhibited greater nucleotide polymorphisms among the 62 isolates tested. A total of 48 distinct genotypes were identified. The dominant genotype, represented by h3 isolates, accounted for 21.7% (13/60) of the isolates tested, and the remaining 47 genotypes were all unique. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the 48 genotypes could be classified in the same clade, while the genetically related strain, <i>R.heilongjiangensis</i>, was close but not the same as the cluster. We concluded that the genetically diverse of spotted fever group rickettsiae strains are endemic in Chengmai County, Hainan Province, China.

Clinical and pathological retrospective analysis of 239 cases of thyroid carcinoma in Hainan province / 国际外科学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and pathological features of Hainan patients with thyroid carcinoma treated in Hainan Provincial People' s Hospital.Methods A total of 239 clinical cases of Hainan patients with thyroid carcinoma treated in Hainan Provincial People' s Hospital from 2006 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The number of thyroid carcinoma cases between 2006 to 2008 was stable.But the cases in 2009 were 72.97％ higher than that in 2008.Female' s peak of onset age was 25 to 55 years and male was 20 to 55 years.The cases of Hant were 231 (96.65％) and the national minority were 8(3.35％ ).So ethnic composition ratio between cases and local population has a very significant difference (x2 =21.376,P ＜0.01 ).The eastern and western regions had 175 cases and 64 cases respectively,138 (78.86％) and 34(46.88％ ) cases from city respectively.Urban and rural ratio between eastern and western areas had a significant difference (x2 =4.420,P ＜ 0.05 ).The 239 cases were composed of 228 cases (95.4％) of papilarry thyroid carcinoma,7 cases (2.92％) of medullary thyroid carcinoma,both 2 cases (0.84％) of follicular thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.Conclusions The incidence of Hainan nationality patients with thyroid carcinoma treated in Hainan Provincial People' s Hospital has increased from 2006 to 2010,with younger trend and regional difference.Thyroid carcinoma has a difference in race and region.The rank of the rate of pathological type is papillary thyroid carcinoma,medullary thyroid carcinoma,follicular thyroid carcinoma,undifferentated thyroid carcinoma in order.

Data Analysis of Sample Survey of Intellectual Disability in Hainan Province / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To survey the incidence, distribution, rehabilitation and participation in society of the intellectual disability in Hainan. Methods To analyze the data from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability. Results Among 41214 people, 14075 live in city, 27139 in countryside. The incidence of intellectual disability was 4.3‰. There were significant difference among counties, villages and cities. The distribution of age were 17‰ in 0～6 years old, 6.3‰ in 7～13 years old, 2.3‰ in >14 years old. The ratio of mild to serious disability was 2.3∶1 in 0～6 y, and 1∶1.5 in >7 y. 6.6% sufferers had accepted medical treatment, 1.2% ones had accepted rehabilitation, 1.8% ones had accepted other social support, 82.4% ones had never be assisted. Conclusion The intellectual disability of 0～6 years children in Hainan is seriously. The rehabilitation and social support system should be improved.

Determination of Chemical Constituents of Galanga Resurrectionlily Rhizome from Hainan Province by GC-MS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the chemical constituents of Galanga Resurrectionlily Rhizome from Hainan province. METHODS: Galanga Resurrectionlily Rhizome volatile oil was extracted by wet distillation method and determined by GC-MS, and the relative content of different constituents was determined by chromatographic peak area normalization method. RESULTS: For Galanga resurrectionlily rhizome volatile oil, 21 chromatographic peaks were separated and 19 chemical constituents were detected. The chief constituents of the volatile oil were Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate(49.118%), ethyl cinnamate (19.323%), pentadecane (15.018%) and ?-careen (5.270%). CONCLUSION: This method provided not only data for the further study of the physiological activity and action mechanism of Galanga Resurrectionlily Rhizome volatile oil but also scientific basis for the development and application of Galanga Resurrectionlily Rhizome volatile oil.