Indicadores de carga física de trabajo en exposición intermitente crónica a gran altura / Indicators of physical work load in chronic intermittent exposure at high altitude

Se han establecido regulaciones para la exposición ocupacional a cargas físicas del trabajo, y a hipoxia intermitente crónica (HIC). También se ha indicado incorporar los riesgos asociados a HIC a un sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Dado que las cargas físicas de trabajo (CFT) en HIC pueden condicionar riesgos de trabajo pesado y fatiga física, se considera oportuno revisar el efecto de la CFT a gran altitud, entre 3000 y 5500 m de altura, sobre el riesgo de trabajo pesado, por lo cual se procede a recopilar estudios de campo de la capacidad aeróbica, mediciones de los signos que permiten evaluar el % de Carga Cardiovascular (%CCV) ocupado a gran altura. El %CCV se calcula mediante las frecuencias cardíacas (FC) de reposo, la máxima y la de trabajo. El monitoreo continuo de la FC y mediciones directas de la capacidad aeróbica máxima muestran que en HIC se modifican las tres FC de %CCV, también se muestra que cuando la FC de trabajo en altitud está por sobre 110 latidos/minuto hay mayor riesgo de fatiga y trabajo pesado. Adicionalmente se encontró que la capacidad aeróbica, VO2máx, medido a nivel del mar se reduce en trabajadores aclimatados a HIC con una reducción del 7% de la FC máxima. Este efecto, entendido como frenación fisiológica protectora, se puede perder durante una desaclimatación a nivel de mar por más de 10 días. En vista de una mayor probabilidad de trabajo pesado en HIC se proponen intervenciones para prevenir, controlar y mitigar riesgos de fatiga, cansancio y trabajo pesado que afecten la salud, conducta segura y productividad. En conclusión, en faenas a gran altitud, la CFT se puede evaluar mediante medición del %CCV basada en registros de la FC de reposo, máxima y de trabajo, en cada cota donde se ejecuta la actividad laboral, porque la hipoxia hipobárica modifica los tres componentes de esa ecuación.

Regulations have been established for the occupational exposition to physical loads from work, and chronic intermittent hypoxia (HIC). Also, it has been indicated to include the associated HIC risks to a security and health management system at work. Since physical workload (CFT) in HIC can condition risks of hard work and physical fatigue, it is considered appropriate to review the CFT effect at high altitude, between 3000 and 5500m of altitude, over the risks of hard work, which is why is proceeding to compile field studies about the aerobic capacity, measures of signs that allows assessing the % of Cardiovascular load (%CCV) used at great altitudes. The % CCV is estimated by cardiac frequencies (FC) at rest, maximum, and from work. The FC continuous monitoring and direct measures of the maximum aerobic capacity displays that the three FC of %CCV are modified in HIC is also displayed that when the work FC in altitude is over 110 heartbeats/minute there is major fatigue and hard work risk. Moreover, it was determined that aerobic capacity, VO2 max, measured at sea level is reduced in acclimated workers to HIC with a 7% reduction of maximum FC. This effect, known as physiological protective restrain, can be lost during a deacclimation at sea level for more than 10 days. At the sight of a greater probability of hard work in HIC, interventions are proposed to prevent, control, and reduce fatigue risks, tiredness, and hard work that affects health, safe-conduct, and productivity. In conclusion, in chores at high altitudes, CFT can be assessed by measuring the %CCV based on date from the FC in rest, maximum and from work, in each height where work activities are performed, because the hypobaric hypoxia modifies the three components of that equation.

Psicologia social do trabalho sujo: revendo conceitos e pensando em possibilidades teóricas para a agenda da psicologia nos contextos de trabalho / Social Psychology of the Dirty Work: Reconsidering Concepts and Suggesting Theoretical Possibilities to the Psychology's Agenda in Work Contexts

O artigo propõe uma análise do conceito de trabalho sujo. Argumenta que esse tipo de trabalho pode contribuir para a ampliação de temas investigados pela psicologia social do trabalho. Em termos metodológicos, primeiramente recupera e atualiza o sentido de trabalho sujo tal como proposto originalmente por autores da Escola de Chicago. Em seguida, desenvolve uma reconceptualização do trabalho sujo a partir da incorporação de referenciais oriundos das clínicas do trabalho. Defende que o trabalho sujo não deve ser confundido com outras formas de trabalho estudados pela psicologia social. Argumenta que o conceito deve ser restrito às atividades em que não se identifica um coletivo de trabalho constituído. Por fim, discute desafios teóricos ao estudo do trabalho sujo, bem como oferece sugestões para pesquisadores interessados nesta temática.

This paper aims to propose an analysis of dirty work. It is argued that this kind of work may contribute to an enlargement of the Social Psychology of Work agenda. In methodological terms, firstly the paper recasts and refreshes the meaning of dirty work such as originally proposed by Chicago School members. Next, a reconceptualization of dirty work is carried out, based on the frame of reference developed in the work clinics field. The paper argues that dirty work should not be confused with other kinds of work studied by Social Psychology. It holds that dirty work refers only to those activities in which one can't identify an instituted sense of collective work. Finally, the paper discusses theoretical challenges in studying dirty work, making suggestions for researchers interested in this subject.