Design of artifact-free head holder for small animal imaging / 中国医学装备

Objective:To design a kind of head holder for small animal imaging without artifact. Methods: The head holder was designed for small animal imaging according to rodent head stereotaxic apparatus with lightweight and easy molding material (polymethyl methacrylate). The holder can be easily made with ordinary lathe and can be easily operated in small animal imaging device. Results:After the trial in small animal PET-CT, the holder can effectively solve the problems in small animal imaging such as the artifact caused by tiny displacement, tilt head position, deviating from the central field of view and respiratory depression. Conclusion: The small animal imaging device was designed in simple structure to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology. The operation of the device is simple, which is worthy of popularization head holder of application.

The Hemodynamic Effects of Levobupivacaine Infiltration at the Skull-pin Insertion Site and the Incision Site in Craniotomy / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Several drugs have been used to reduce the hemodynamic responses evoked by skull-pin head-holder application and skin incision in neurosurgery. This study evaluated the effects of levobupivacaine infiltration on hemodynamics followed by the skull-pin head-holder application and the skin incision. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients who had been scheduled for neurosurgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into five groups. Saline or different concentrations of levobupivacaine (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 mg/ml) were infiltrated into skull-pin head-holder insertion sites and the skin incision sites. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate were measured just before skull-pin head-holder application and 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min and 5 min after skull-pin head-holder application and skin incision. Changes in hemodynamics were compared. RESULTS: SBP, DBP and heart rate significantly increased after skull-pin head-holder application. The range of increase was diminished by local application of levobupivacaine. However, 5 mg/ml and 7.5 mg/ml levobupivacaine group decreased blood pressure or heart rate to below the baseline after skin incision. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that 7.5 mg/ml levobupivacaine attenuates the hemodynamic responses evoked by skull-pin head-holder application, but decreases blood pressure and heart rate after skin incision in craniotomy. Therefore, 5 mg/ml levobupivacaine was effective minimum local concentration to attenuate the change of hemodynamics by skull-pin head-holder application and skin incision in craniotomy if the level of anesthesia is maintained properly.