Exploration of the construction of health science popularization system in medical institutions from the perspective of aging / 现代医院

With the intensification of global aging trends,the health needs of the elderly are becoming increasingly prom-inent.As one of the main forces in implementing the Healthy China strategy,medical and health institutions play a crucial role in building a scientific,systematic,and targeted health popularization system to improve the health status of the elderly and delay the aging process.However,medical institutions face numerous challenges in constructing a health popularization system for the elderly.Based on the perspective of aging,this article focuses on the hot and difficult issues encountered by the elderly when see-king medical treatment,pays attention to the blind spots and hot issues in elderly health,explores the importance and construction methods of health popularization systems for the elderly in medical and health institutions,in order to enhance the health aware-ness of the elderly,promote health behavior changes,and ultimately improve the health status and quality of life of the elderly.

Study on the Safe Use of Sensitive Personal Information of Patients in Medical and Health Institutions / 医学信息学杂志

Purpose/Significance Based on the typical use scenario of sensitive personal information in medical and health institu-tions,the implementation of the secure use of sensitive personal information is explored.Method/Process For user registration,internal utilization and interaction,medical device/wearable device collection and information disclosure and other scenarios,the paper analyzes the risk of sensitive personal information leakage,explores the application scenarios,advantages and disadvantages of various technical means such as identity authentication,access control,data encryption,data desensitization and detection audit.Result/Conclusion The application of technical means can assist medical and health institutions to further protect the security of patients'personal information.

Estado del liderazgo de Enfermería para la gestión de cuidado en establecimientos de salud / State of Nursing Leadership for the Management of Care in Health Facilities

Introducción: El liderazgo en Enfermería constituye una competencia fundamental en quienes ejercen un cargo, que va más allá de conducir pequeños grupos de trabajo hasta niveles directivos en la toma de decisiones dentro de la organización, para la mejor atención de las personas. Objetivo: Sintetizar el estado del ejercicio del liderazgo en Enfermería para la gestión de los cuidados en los establecimientos de salud. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de alcance de artículos publicados del 2013 al 2021 en las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Dialnet y REDALYC. En la estrategia de búsqueda se utilizó el diagrama de flujo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) mediante el uso de los descriptores DeCS y MeSH y los operadores booleanos AND y OR. Se revisaron 665 artículos originales disponibles en inglés, español, alemán y portugués y se excluyeron trabajos sin acceso a texto completo, literatura gris y publicaciones antes del 2013; se seleccionaron 19. Conclusiones: Se destaca la importancia del liderazgo en las gestoras de Enfermería, reconocido por el equipo de salud, con gran impacto en los usuarios internos y externos. Se evidenciaron tres tendencias de liderazgo en Enfermería: el liderazgo transformacional, el liderazgo democrático y el autocrático(AU)

Introduction: Leadership in nursing is a fundamental competence in those who work in an organizational position, gonging beyond leading small work groups up to managerial levels in decision making within the organization, for the best care of people. Objective: To synthesize the state of leadership work in nursing for the management of care in health facilities. Methods: A scoping review was carried out of articles published from 2013 to 2021 in the LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Dialnet and REDALYC databases. The search strategy used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart, together with the DeCS and MeSH descriptors, as well as the Boolean operators AND and OR. An amount of 665 original articles were reviewed, as they were available in English, Spanish, German and Portuguese; while exclusions per se included works without full-text access, gray literature, and publications before 2013. Of that total, 19 were selected. Conclusions: The importance of leadership in nursing managers is highlighted, as recognized by the health team, with great impact on internal and external users. Three nursing leadership trends were evidenced: transformational leadership, democratic leadership and autocratic leadership(AU)

Dimensiones de la calidad de vida en el trabajo de la Enfermería ecuatoriana / Dimensions of Quality of Occupational Life within Ecuadorian Nursing

Introducción: La calidad de vida laboral ha sido poco estudiada y su problemática es de gran importancia, debido a su impacto en la salud y bienestar del personal. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida en el trabajo de las licenciadas en enfermería de las Instituciones de Salud de la República del Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, con diseño descriptivo de corte transversal, en la República del Ecuador, durante el año 2019. Muestra 146 licenciadas en enfermería. Para la obtención de datos, se aplicó CVT-GOHISALO, un cuestionario que fue validado en la población de estudio. Los datos fueron analizados y procesados en IBM-SPSS V26 con el uso de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La percepción general de la calidad de vida en el trabajo fue baja en el 77,40 por ciento de los participantes. Las dimensiones con niveles de satisfacción baja fueron: soporte institucional (54,79 por ciento), seguridad en el trabajo (52,05 por ciento), integración al puesto de trabajo (67,81 por ciento), satisfacción por el trabajo (82,88 por ciento), bienestar logrado a través del trabajo (84,93 por ciento) y desarrollo personal (76,71 por ciento) y la dimensión que presentó niveles críticos de insatisfacción fue la administración del tiempo libre (89,04 por ciento). Conclusiones: La calidad de vida en el trabajo de las licenciadas en enfermería en Ecuador es insatisfactoria, lo que destaca la necesidad de tomar medidas para abordar los factores que contribuyen a la insatisfacción y mejorar el ambiente de trabajo, y garantizar así una atención de alta calidad con un entorno saludable y sostenible(AU)

Introduction: The quality of occupational life has been little studied and its problematic is of great importance, due to its impact on the health and well-being of the personnel. Objective: To evaluate nursing graduates' quality of occupational life at health institutions in the Republic of Ecuador. Methods: A quantitative study, with a descriptive and cross-sectional design, was carried out in the Republic of Ecuador during the year 2019. The sample consisted of 146 nursing graduates. For data collection, CVT-GOHISALO was applied, a questionnaire validated in the study population. The data were analyzed and processed in IBM-SPSS V26, using descriptive statistics. Results: The overall perception of quality of occupational life was low in 77.40 percent of the participants. The dimensions with low levels of satisfaction were institutional support (54.79 percent), occupational safety (52.05 percent), job integration (67.81 percent), job satisfaction (82.88 percent), well-being achieved through work (84.93) and personal development (76.71 percent). In addition, the dimension that presented critical levels of dissatisfaction was free time management (89.04 percent). Conclusions: The nursing graduates' quality of occupational life in Ecuador is unsatisfactory, highlighting the need to take action to address the factors contributing to dissatisfaction and improve the occupational environment, thus ensuring high quality care with a healthy and sustainable environment(AU)

Evaluación económica de las instituciones de salud basado en el análisis de los costos de los servicios

La calidad de los servicios constituye una prioridad en cualquiera de los sectores o empresas que tenga como finalidad prestar un servicio o un bien, independientemente del tipo que sea. La calidad de los servicios brindado depende de varios factores, pero, sin duda alguna, la evaluación de costos constituye un factor fundamental en la evaluación económica de las empresas, especialmente en instituciones de salud. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la influencia que puede ejercer el estudio de los costos de los servicios en la evaluación económica de las instituciones de salud. Para esto se realizó un análisis de los elementos generales de la evaluación económica y específicos de su aplicación en instituciones de salud; con énfasis en el análisis de costos de servicios. Los resultados muestran que los costos determinan varios elementos relacionados con la calidad de los servicios prestados, de ahí que se concluya que un eslabón importante en la evaluación económica de las instituciones de salud lo constituye el análisis de los costos; ya qua a partir de ellos se pueden identificar brechas y puntos vulnerables que con acciones directas puedan ser solucionados parcial o totalmente; a partir de ellos se puede mejorar la calidad del servicio prestado.

The quality of the services constitutes a priority in any of the sectors or companies whose purpose is to provide a service or a good, regardless of the type it is. The quality of the services provided depends on several factors, but, without a doubt, the evaluation of costs constitutes a fundamental factor in the economic evaluation of companies, especially in health institutions. The objective of this research was to analyze the influence that the study of the costs of services can exert on the economic evaluation of health institutions. For this, an analysis of the general elements of economic evaluation and specifics of its application in health institutions was carried out; with emphasis on service cost analysis. The results show that costs determine various elements related to the quality of the services provided, hence it is concluded that an important link in the economic evaluation of health institutions is cost analysis; since from them it is possible to identify gaps and vulnerable points that with direct actions can be partially or totally solved; from them the quality of the service provided can be improved.

Research on the allocation efficiency of primary medical and health institutions in China based on data envelopment analysis / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the input and output status of health resources in primary medical and health institutions and their allocation efficiency in different regions of China, and to provide an empirical basis for optimizing the allocation of primary medical and health resources in China among regions.Methods:The input index data (number of beds and number of health personnel) and output index data (number of primary medical and health institutions visits, number of family health services, number of hospital admissions) of primary medical and health institutions in China in 2020 were extracted from the China Health Statistical Yearbook 2021. Based on the BCC ( Banker, Charnes, Cooper) model of data envelopment analysis ( DEA), the Bootstrap- DEA method was used to correct bias, the allocation efficiency of primary medical and health resources in 31 provinces was calculated and the regional differences were analyzed. Results:After bias correction, the technical efficiency (TE) of resource allocation in primary medical and health institutions decreased by 0.102. The average TE score of all 31 primary medical and health institutions was 0.669, indicating a serious problem of ineffective use of technology. The TE of the eastern, central and western regions was 0.694, 0.663, and 0.649 respectively. There was obvious polarization in the central regions.Further analysis of the efficiency improvement of non DEA efficient provinces showed that 2 DEA weakly efficient provinces and 16 DEA ineffective provinces had several reference provinces for efficiency configuration improvement; The provinces that have been referenced more than 10 times were Zhejiang, Chongqing, Sichuan, and Ningxia, while the provinces that were listed as the first reference by other provinces were Ningxia, Chongqing, Zhejiang, and Tibet.Conclusions:The resource allocation efficiency of primary medical and health institutions in China is relatively low, and regional differences are obvious. The balance between different inputs and outputs should be considered when allocating the resources. Non DEA effective provinces can use DEA analysis to find the most suitable reference object and make reference improvements in the short term.

Preliminary study of ethical review before the publication of medical papers in medical and health institutions / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:In order to strictly prevent academic misconduct, effectively improve the understanding and judgment ability of researchers on medical ethics issues involved in papers, and ensure scientific and standardized research results, strict ethical review is crucial.Methods:It mainly reviews whether the clinical research paper to be submitted has obtained an ethical approval certificate, whether the content of the paper exceeds the scope of ethical approval permission or violates research ethical standards, etc., and establishing a sound paper ethics review mechanism.Results:This paper summarizes the issues, points and considerations of ethical review before submission of clinical research papers, hoping to provide some practical methods and references for the ethical review of clinical research papers in China.Conclusions:Medical and health institutions mostly carry out biomedical research involving humans, and should pay more attention to ethical norms and requirements, educate and guide researchers to strengthen ethical awareness, and improve their attention and judgment ability to medical ethical issues in papers.

Management status analysis of Investigator-Initiated Trials in Shandong provincial medical and health institutions / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the current situation of Investigator-Initiated Trials in medical and health institutions in Shandong Province, the problems in the process of conducting clinical research, and put forward proposals for the establishment of a clinical research management system with effective supervision, sound systems and supporting services, taking into account the progress of the projects since the pilot work was carried out.Methods:A questionnaire was created, an online survey was conducted, a database was set up, a status analysis was conducted and a post-launch analysis of the progress of the pilot was carried out using the National Medical Research Registry Information System, culminating in recommendations using the literature summary method and empirical analysis.Results:Statistical analysis of the questionnaire found that 29.39% of the institutions have a dedicated clinical research management department, and 75.97% of the institutions have a management approach. 25.52%, 40.30%, and 43.07% of institutions established biobanks, clinical research centers, and follow-up centers. There was a statistically significant difference in the establishment of clinical research centers, biobanks, and follow-up centers in secondary and tertiary medical institutions ( P<0.05). The number of general clinical research projects filed, the number of submissions and the number of ethics committees filed in the filing system have all increased significantly after the pilot work, with growth percentages of 126%, 141% and 62% respectively. Conclusions:Shandong Province clinical research pilot work has begun to bear fruit, the current clinical research project still exists in the lack of special funding support, perfect service platform and system support and training system to be improved and other issues.

Key problems of medical and preventive integration at primary medical and health institutions in China / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To explore the problems of medical and preventive integration at primary healthcare institutions in China, for references for promoting the development of medical and preventive integration in China.Methods:This study searched for literatures covering the integration of medical and preventive at primary healthcare institutions on CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases(from the establishment of the database until March 1, 2023), and extracted text mentioning problems of the medical and preventive integration in primary healthcare institutions. The macro model of the health system was used for problem classification analysis, while the social network analysis method was used to measure the network density, point centrality, and intermediary centrality of the problem, and determine the key issues.Results:A total of 25 papers were included, and 28 problems of medical and preventive integration at primary medical and health institutions were extracted, including 6 problems at the external environment level, 15 problems at the structural level, 6 problems at the process level, and 1 problem at the result level. The results of social network analysis showed that the network density of these problems was 0.71. The point centrality and intermediary centrality of key problems were both high, including the lack of incentive mechanisms for medical and prevention integration (point centrality=69, intermediary centrality=21.44), fragmentation of health information systems(68, 15.70), insufficient awareness of medical and prevention integration among grassroots personnel(65, 17.47), shortage of talent at primary medical and health institutions(64, 11.69), weak service capabilities of primary medical institutions(50, 19.23), and insufficient information sharing(48, 15.80).Conclusions:A variety of problems were found in the integration of medical and preventive at primary medical and health institutions in China, which were closely interrelated. It was urgent to solve six key problems, including the lack of incentive mechanisms, talent shortage, and information system fragmentation, etc. It was suggested that primary medical and health institutions should further improve the incentive mechanism for medical and preventive integration, strengthen the construction of grassroots health talent teams, promote health information exchange and sharing, and enhance the awareness of medical and preventive integration.

Analysis of the incentive level and its influencing factors of family doctors in Beijing / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analysis the incentive level of family doctors in primary medical and health institutions in Beijing, and to explore its influencing factors, so as to provide references for promoting family doctors′ contract service.Methods:From October to December 2021, 40 family doctors were randomly selected from 135 urban community health service centers in 8 districts of Beijing, and a survey was conducted on basic demographic information, institutional organizational capacity evaluation, and family doctor incentive level evaluation (including four dimensions of work value, organizational environment, personal development, and reward compensation), and the influencing factors of family doctor incentive level was analyzed. Chi-square test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.Results:A total of 4 568 family doctors were included, and the score of family doctors′ incentive level was 3.75±0.81, among which the work value score was the highest(3.89±0.77), followed by the organizational environment score(3.69±0.92) and personal development score(3.75±0.90), and the lowest score was reward(3.75±0.90). Age, education, professional title, working years and average total working hours per week negatively affected the incentive level( P<0.05), while the average monthly income, the frequency of attending training and further study, and the organizational ability of the organization positively affected the incentive level( P<0.05). Conclusions:The overall incentive level of family doctors in primary medical and health institutions in Beijing needed improvement, and there were many factors that affect the incentive level of family doctors. It was recommended to appropriately increase the salary and benefits of family doctors, reasonably arrange the workload of family doctors, strengthen the training mechanism of family doctors, and strengthen the organizational capacity building of primary medical and health institutions.

Service capacity evaluation for tertiary maternal and child health institutions based on entropy weight TOPSIS method / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the service capacity of tertiary maternal and child health institutions in S province based on the entropy weight TOPSIS method, for references for relevant policy formulation.Methods:Data on service capacity of 23 tertiary maternal and child health institutions in S Province in 2021 were collected for national perfomance appraisal subsystem of maternal and child health institution. Through literature analysis, five primary indexes, including management, service provision, operational efficiency, sustainable development, and satisfaction evaluation, as well as 10 secondary indexes and 20 tertiary indexes, were selected to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for service capacity of tertiary maternal and child health institutions. The entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to comprehensively evaluate the service capacity and first level indexes level of tertiary maternal and child health institutions in S Province.Results:Jurisdictional management, sustainable development, and service provision were important first level indexes that affect the service capacity of institutions, with higher weights of 36.16%, 25.12%, and 24.30%, respectively. The service capabilities of institutions were ranked based on their relative closeness( C value), the top 5 institutions ( C value≥0.345) included 1 provincial-level institution, 3 prefecture level institutions, and 1 county-level institution, as well as the bottom 5 institutions ( C value≤0.174) included 1 prefecture level institution and 4 county-level institutions. From the perspective of first level indexe, the average C value of Jurisdictional management was the lowest(0.173), and the satisfaction evaluation′s C value was the highest (0.612). Moreover, the ranking of primary indexe in provincial institutions were generally higher than that of prefecture level institutions and county-level institutions. Conclusions:The development of the service capacity of the third level maternal and child health institutions in S Province was uneven, and the overall service capacity of county-level institutions was relatively weak, especially in terms of jurisdictional management, service provision, and sustainable development. It was recommended to further optimize the allocation of maternal and child health resources, strengthen personnel construction, promote science popularization and health education, and promote the development of specialties.

Analysis of individual dose intercomparison results for province-level health institutions during 2009—2022 / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To summarize and analyze the results of the individual dose intercomparison in which province-level health institutions participating, and explore the role of ability intercomparison in improving the detection capabilities of province-level health institutions.Methods:From 2009 to 2022, the results obtained by the province-level CDCs and occupational prevention and control institutions in the individual dose intercomparison countrywide for time periods of 2009—2020 and 2021—2022 were summarized. The intercomparison results were analyzed and compared for three regions of east, central and west China divided according to the method from China Health Statistics Yearbook 2022.Results:A total of 24 province-level CDCs and 14 occupational prevention and control institutions countrywide participated in the ability intercomparison from 2009—2022 for 13 times. Number of participating institutions increased from 26 in 2009 to 37 in 2022. The qualified rates of the intercomparison results among the province-level health institutions in the three regions were maintained at higher than 85% for 37 times and 100% for 28 times. The pass rate and excellent rate of the three regions were higher than the overall level at whole country level (2009-2020) and national level (2021-2022) in the same period for 9 and 5 times, respectively. The excellent rate of province-level health institutions in central region were higher than that of the other two regions in 9 intercomparisons.Conclusions:With the improvement of the intercomparison standard, the province-level health institutions in various regions have maintained a relatively stable and high detection capability. The ability intercomparison effectively improve the detection ability and the quality control of the province-level health organizations. Many province-level agencies have listed the ability intercomparison as the regular work.

Aspectos da confortabilidade de mulheres hospitalizadas na unidade materno-infantil: perspectiva dos profissionais de enfermagem / Aspectos involucrados en la comodidad de mujeres hospitalizadas en la unidad materno infantil: perspectiva de profesionales de enfermería / Aspects involved in the comfort of women hospitalized in the maternal and child unit: perspective of nursing professionals

Objetivo: conhecer os aspectos implicados na confortabilidade das mulheres hospitalizadas na unidade materno-infantil, na perspectiva dos profissionais de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo realizada em uma unidade materno-infantil, com 21 profissionais de enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu por entrevista semiestruturada e, posteriormente, os dados foram submetidos a análise temática. Resultados: dentre os aspectos que contribuem para a confortabilidade destacam-se: mobiliário, serviço de hotelaria, métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor, respeito às escolhas da parturiente, direito ao acompanhante e disponibilidade da equipe. Como aspectos que dificultam a confortabilidade evidenciou-se a necessidade de adequação da estrutura física com a adoção de quartos pré-parto, parto e pós-parto, e espaços que permitam a vivência do luto em situações de óbito fetal. Considerações finais: a confortabilidade não está relacionada somente aos aspectos estruturais, materiais ou arquitetônicos, mas envolve as relações e interações estabelecidas na unidade materno-infantil.

Objetivo: conocer los aspectos involucrados en el confort de la mujer hospitalizada en la unidad materno-infantil, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de enfermería. Método: investigación cualitativa exploratoria y descriptiva; realizada en una unidad materno-infantil, con 21 profesionales de enfermería. La recolección de datos ocurrió a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, y posteriormente los datos fueron sometidos al análisis temático. Resultados: entre los aspectos que contribuyen al confort, se destacan: mobiliario, servicio hotelero, métodos no farmacológicos para el alivio del dolor, respeto a las elecciones de la parturienta, derecho a acompañante y disponibilidad del equipo. Como aspectos que dificultan el confort, se evidenció la necesidad de adecuar la estructura física con la adopción de salas de preparto, parto y posparto, y espacios que permitan la vivencia del duelo en situaciones de muerte fetal. Consideraciones finales: el confort no sólo está relacionado con aspectos estructurales, materiales o arquitectónicos, sino que involucra las relaciones e interacciones que se establecen en la unidad materno-infantil.

Objective: to know the aspects involved in the comfortability of women hospitalized in the maternal and child unit, from the perspective of nursing professionals. Method: qualitative exploratory and descriptive research conducted in a maternal-child unit with 21 nursing professionals. Data collection occurred by semi-structured interview, and subsequently the data were submitted to thematic analysis. Results: among the aspects that contribute to comfortability stand out: furniture, hospitality service, non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, respect for the choices of the parturient, right to the companion and availability of the team. As aspects that hinder comfortability, it was evidenced the need to adapt the physical structure with the adoption of pre-delivery, delivery and post-delivery rooms, and spaces that allow the experience of grief in situations of fetal death. Final considerations: comfortability is not only related to structural, material or architectural aspects, but involves the relationships and interactions established in the maternal-child unit.

Los exámenes de ayuda diagnóstica y los conflictos de interés en nuestros hospitales: ¿Corrupción enmascarada?

Introducción: En los hospitales públicos, las dificultades surgidas por el déficit de recursos logísticos en el laboratorio clínico, dificultan aún más una atención de calidad. La carencia de una gestión por procesos y los conflictos de interés surgidos por la proliferación de laboratorios no certificados ni acreditados, hacen necesaria una nueva visión sobre este tema. La Medicina del Laboratorio Basado en la Evidencia, es una herramienta de la cual clínicos, tecnólogos y biólogos pueden beneficiarse. Por otro lado, es necesario que, a partir del estado, se consensuen los esfuerzos realizados por los distintos actores de este problema: UNAGESP, IETSI, SIS, INACAL, SUSALUD, Defensoría del Pueblo, Contraloría General de la República, Colegios profesionales y Empresa privada para mejorar la gestión del laboratorio clínico.

Background: In public hospitals, the difficulties arising from the lack of logistical resources in the clinical laboratory make quality care even more difficult. The lack of management by processes and the conflicts of interest arising from the proliferation of laboratories that are not certified or accredited make a new vision on this subject necessary. Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine is a tool from which clinicians, technologists and biologists can benefit. On the other hand, it is necessary that, from the state, the efforts made by the UNAGESP, IETSI, SIS, INACAL, SUSALUD, the Ombudsman's Office, the Comptroller General's Office of the Republic, professional associations and private companies to improve the management of the clinical laboratory be agreed upon.

Profissionais Forcluídos e Recalcados das Práticas em Saúde Mental / Foreclosed and Repressed Professionals of Metal Health Practices / Profesionales Foracluidos y Reprimidos en las Prácticas de Salud Mental

Trabalhadores da saúde mental como porteiros, vigilantes e serventes gerais não figuram nas políticas do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, sendo excluídos das orientações oficiais. Ao nível institucional uma exclusão também se opera, visto que tais profissionais não são considerados componentes das equipes. As investigações de Freud e Lacan apontam para mecanismos fundamentais e modos de subjetivação específicos advindos da relação do homem com a realidade. Nesse sentido, a hipótese deste artigo é que há uma forclusão desses trabalhadores pela política e um recalcamento pelos serviços. Ainda nessa esteira, o Estado e a instituição CAPS podem ser responsabilizados por uma dinâmica de vulnerabilização e exclusão desses profissionais. Para que haja uma reabilitação desses trabalhadores para uma categoria de operadores da saúde mental, é preciso reivindicar políticas que apontem para sua valorização e inclusão dentro dos serviços, como a ParticipaSUS e a Política Nacional de Humanização. Assim, para que essas políticas tenham incidência nesse público, é necessário que o tema seja suscitado nas instituições, sendo essa uma contribuição possível da psicanálise enquanto aliada da prática da supervisão institucional.

Mental health workers such as doormen, security guards and general servants are not included in the policies of the Ministry of Health of Brazil, being excluded from official guidelines. At the institutional level, an exclusion also operates, since they are not considered as components of the teams. Freud and Lacan's investigations point to fundamental mechanisms and specific modes of subjectification arising from man's relationship with reality. In this sense, the hypothesis of this article is that there is a forclusion of these workers by politics and a repression by services. In this same vein, the State and the CAPS can be held responsible for the dynamics of vulnerabilization and exclusion of these workers. For there to be a rehabilitation of these workers for a category of mental health operators, it is necessary to demand policies that point to their valorization and inclusion within the services, such as ParticipaSUS and the National Humanization Policy. For these policies to have an impact on this audience, it is necessary that the theme be raised within the institutions, which is a possible contribution of Psychoanalysis when combined with the practice of institutional supervision.

Los trabajadores de salud mental, como porteros, vigilantes de seguridad y equipos de limpieza, no están incluidos en las políticas del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil, quedando excluidos de las directrices oficiales. A nivel institucional, también funciona una exclusión, ya que no se consideran componentes de los equipos de salud. Las investigaciones de Freud y Lacan apuntan a mecanismos fundamentales y modos específicos de subjetivación que surgen de la relación del hombre con la realidad. En este sentido, la hipótesis de este artículo es que existe uma forclusión de estos trabajadores por la política y una represión por parte de los servicios. En esta misma línea, el Estado y los CAPS pueden ser considerados responsables por de esta dinámica de vulnerabilidad y exclusión. Para que haya una rehabilitación de estos trabajadores para una categoría de operadores de salud mental, es necesario exigir políticas que apunten a su valorización e inclusión dentro de los servicios, como ParticipaSUS y la Política Nacional de Humanización. Para que estas políticas tengan um impacto efectivo, es necesario que el tema se plantee al interior de las instituciones, lo cual es un posible aporte del Psicoanálisis cuando se combina con la práctica de la supervisión institucional.

Costos generados por la atención al paciente grave en unidades de cuidados intensivos / Costs generated by the care of the critically ill patient in intensive care units

Introducción: Las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos brindan atención a pacientes con condiciones clínicas que ponen su vida en peligro o con potencialidad a ello. Por ende, se requiere de personal altamente especializado, equipamiento y medicamentos; lo cual genera altos gastos. Objetivo: Describir los costos de la atención al paciente crítico atendido en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de evaluación económica parcial de descripción de costos. El universo estuvo conformado por 455 pacientes, se seleccionó una muestra de 155 mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. La recolección de los datos se realizó a través de los registros de costos del Departamento de Contabilidad y Estadística, historia clínica, tarjeta y ficha de costo. Resultados: Los costos diarios por paciente fueron de 656,76 CUP. El departamento de radiología fue el de mayores cargos (23069,88 CUP), el complementario más indicado fue el hemograma (883). Los catéteres de abordaje venoso profundo constituyeron el instrumental más empleado y generó un gasto total de 144,26 CUP. Los electrólitos y los antimicrobianos constituyeron los grupos medicamentosos que mayores gastos generaron (49133,95 y 24896,08 CUP, respectivamente). Las hemodiálisis generaron un gasto de 142441 CUP. Conclusiones: Los estudios imagenológicos y de laboratorio necesarios para el diagnóstico y seguimiento, así como el empleo de antimicrobianos, electrólitos y equipamiento y procederes para la atención al paciente grave presentan elevados costos(AU)

Introduction: Intensive Care Units provide care to patients with clinical conditions that put their lives in danger or with potential to it. Therefore, highly specialized personnel, equipment and medicines are required; which generates high expenses. Objective: Describe the costs of care for critical patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit. Methods: A partial economic evaluation study of cost description was conducted. The overall sample was made up of 455 patients; a sample of 155 was selected by a simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out through the cost records of the Department of Accounting and Statistics, medical histories, card and cost sheet. Results: Daily costs per patient were 656.76 CUP. The radiology department was the one with the highest charges (23069.88 CUP), the most indicated complementary test was the blood count (883). Deep vein catheters were the most used instruments and generated a total expenditure of 144.26 CUP. Electrolytes and antimicrobials were the drug groups that generated the highest costs (49133.95 and 24896.08 CUP, respectively). Hemodialysis generated an expense of 142 441 CUP. Conclusions: Imaging and laboratory studies necessary for diagnosis and follow-up, as well as the use of antimicrobials, electrolytes and equipment and procedures for the care of the critically ill patient present high costs(AU)

New Thoughts on the Construction of Hospital Ethics Review Committee / 中国医学伦理学

Advanced technology not only brings good news to patients, but also causes a series of ethical issues. Subject risk/benefit assessment is the core of ethical review in clinical research. By combing the development status of China ethics review committee, analyzing the problems existing in the current ethical review, this paper proposed to standardize the establishment and independence of ethics review committee, improve the relevant laws and regulations of the ethics review committee, establish the administrative access and evaluation mechanism of the ethics review committee, build a multi-center mutual recognition alliance, improve the standardized operating procedures of the ethics review committee, set up an ethical personnel training system, and strengthen the review capacity building of the ethics review committee, so as to provide new ideas for the review work of the committee, then better protect the rights and interests of subjects and promote the development of medical science.

Investigation on medical radiation protection of medical and health institutions in Tibet Autonomous Region, 2020 / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective （ ） To investigate the current status of medical radiation protection in medical and health institutions MHI Methods - （ ） in Tibet Autonomous Region. Sixty one MHIs in seven prefectures cities of Tibet Autonomous Region were selected as the study subjects by stratified random sampling. The radiological protection equipment and personal protective ， equipment were investigated and the quality control of radiological equipment and radiation protection monitoring in Results ， radiological workplace were monitored. There were 368 radiation workers in 61 MHI institutions accounting for 4.8% （ ） ∶ ， 368/7 701 of the total number of radiation workers. The ratio of male to female was 2 1 and the average was six people/ institution. The quantity of radiation monitoring equipment and personal protective equipment at all levels of MHI was less than ， 1.00 sets/person. Among them tertiary MHI had the lowest number of personal protective equipment configurations. The （ monitoring qualified rates of radiation equipment quality control and radiation protection in radiation workplace were 73.3% 88/ ） （ ）， 120 and 95.8% 115/120 respectively. The lowes tmonitoring qualified rate of radiation equipment quality control was 55.2% （ ） ， （ ， ）Conclusion 32/58 with digital radiography and the second was computed tomography 84.8% 28/33 . The monitoring ， qualified rate of radiation protection in MHI workplaces at all levels in Tibet Autonomous Region is high. However radiation monitoring equipment and personal protective equipment should be increased.

Lecciones aprendidas en la atención a pacientes con COVID-19 en el Centro Integral Provisional de Figali, Panamá / Lessons learned in the care of patients with COVID-19 at the Provisional Comprehensive Center of Figali, Panama

Introducción: La conversión de diversas edificaciones como centros hospitalarios para la atención médica a pacientes con COVID-19 es una solución necesaria ante la alta demanda de casos y limitación de camas hospitalarias. Objetivo: Determinar las lecciones aprendidas y los puntos de mejora en el proceso de atención médica del Centro Integral de Atención Provisional para Pacientes Moderados con COVID-19 en Figali. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, realizado del 1 al 15 de marzo 2021. Universo, total de médicos, licenciados enfermería y jefes administrativos. Muestreo por conglomerados del 36,5 por ciento. Se utilizó metodología cualitativa (cuestionario, entrevista semiestructurada y taller grupo focal). Resultados: En sus primeros tres meses el centro ingresó a 548 pacientes (máximo diario de 124); de estos, 309 (56,4 por ciento) con categoría de moderado o grave. La institución dispuso de hasta 74 médicos (incluidos 41 especialistas cubanos) y 91 enfermeros. Se consideró por los encuestados de muy alta o alta la atención médica (100 por ciento), satisfacción de pacientes (90,9 por ciento), higiene (93,2 por ciento) y función social del centro (97,7 por ciento). Las mayores enseñanzas fueron sobre bioseguridad, oxigenoterapia, manejo integral de la enfermedad y la integración de colectivos diferentes; entre quienes se destacó la profesionalidad, humanismo y sentido de pertenencia. Conclusiones: Las principales lecciones aprendidas se centran en capacitación, bioseguridad, flujos, oxigenoterapia, calidad y sentido de pertenencia del personal. Los trabajadores perciben que el centro cumple adecuadamente con su misión. Los principales puntos de mejora son la comunicación, el confort para los pacientes, la evaluación colectiva de los casos y el apoyo psicológico(AU)

Introduction: The conversion of various buildings as hospital centers for the medical care of patients with COVID-19 is a necessary solution in light of the high demand of cases and the limitation of hospital beds. Objective: Determine the lessons learned and the points of improvement in the medical care process of the Comprehensive Center of Provisional Care for Patients with moderate COVID-19 in Figali. Methods: Prospective, descriptive study, conducted from March 1 to 15, 2021. Total of workers, total of doctors, nursing graduates and administrative heads were assessed. Cluster sampling of 36,5percent. Qualitative methodology (questionnaire, semi-structured interview and focal group workshop) was used. Results: In the first three months, the center admitted 548 patients (daily maximum of 124); of these, 309 (56.4percent) with moderate or severe category. The institution had up to 74 doctors (including 41 Cuban specialists) and 91 nurses. Medical care was rated by the respondents as very high or high (100percent), and other rates were: patient satisfaction (90.9percent), hygiene (93.2percent) and social function of the center (97.7percent). The greatest learnings were on biosafety, oxygen therapy, comprehensive management of the disease and the integration of different groups; among whom professionalism, humanism and a sense of belonging stood out. Conclusions: The main lessons learned focus on training, biosecurity, flows, oxygen therapy, quality and sense of belonging of the staff. Workers perceive that the center adequately fulfills its mission. The main points of improvement are communication, comfort for patients, collective evaluation of cases and psychological support(AU)

Ambiente da prática profissional de enfermagem em países latino-americanos: scoping review / Environment of the professional nursing practice in latin american countries: a scoping review / Entorno de práctica profesional de enfermería en países de américa latina: scoping review

OBJETIVO: Identificar e mapear a produção literária latino-americana acerca do ambiente da prática profissional de enfermagem no cenário hospitalar com base nos instrumentos Nursing Working Index-Revised e Practice Environment Scale. MÉTODO: Scoping review em cinco bases de dados e outras fontes sobre o tema. A amostra contabilizou 20 artigos, nove Teses e cinco Dissertações publicados na última década. RESULTADO: O Brasil apresentou o maior número de publicações em periódicos, na amostra. Os ambientes mostraram-se favoráveis com a aplicação do Nursing Working Index-Revised e desfavoráveis com a Practice Environment Scale. Entre os domínios destacam-se, com os piores escores, o controle do ambiente e adequação da equipe e de recursos. CONCLUSÃO: A produção literária adquire destaque apenas na última década e aponta para a associação entre ambientes da prática favoráveis e melhores resultados assistenciais.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and map the Latin American literary production about the nursing work environment in the hospital setting based on the Nursing Working Index-Revised and on the Practice Environment Scale. METHOD: A scoping review in five databases and other sources on the topic. The sample included 20 articles, nine Theses and five Dissertations published in the last decade. RESULT: In the sample, Brazil presented the largest number of publications in journals. The environments were favorable with the application of the Nursing Working Index-Revised and unfavorable with the Practice Environment Scale. Among the domains with the worst scores, control over the environment and adequacy of the team and resources stand out. CONCLUSION: The literary production has gained prominence only in the last decade and points to the association between favorable practice environments and better care results.

OBJETIVO: Identificar y mapear la producción literaria latinoamericana sobre el entorno de la práctica profesional de la enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario a partir de los instrumentos Nursing Working Index-Revised y Practice Environment Scale. MÉTODO: Scoping review en cinco bases de datos y otras fuentes sobre el tema. La muestra contó con 20 artículos, nueve Tesis Doctorales y cinco Tesis de Maestría publicadas en la última década. RESULTADO: Brasil tuvo el mayor número de publicaciones en revistas de la muestra. Los entornos fueron favorables con la aplicación del Nursing Working Index-Revised y desfavorables con la Practice Environment Scale. Entre los dominios, con los peores puntajes, se destacan el control del entorno y la adecuación del equipo y los recursos. CONCLUSIÓN: La producción literaria ha ganado notoriedad solo en la última década y apunta a la asociación entre entornos de práctica favorables y mejores resultados de atención.