Una aplicación móvil de ayuda para estudiantes de epidemiología: evaluación preliminar de EpiApp

Introducción: Las aplicaciones móviles (Apps) están transformando las perspectivas de aprendizaje en entornos de salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad y usabilidad de EpiApp como herramienta de apoyo en la consulta y resolución de problemas de epidemiología comparada con métodos tradicionales (MT). Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó EpiApp usando una estructura metodológica. Se realizó un estudio experimental controlado y aleatorizado con dos grupos: EpiApp y MT. La fectividad se evaluó con un cuestionario estandarizado y la usabilida con la escala MARS. Resultados: Se aleatorizaron 176 estudiantes: EpiApp (n=88) y MT (n=88). El tiempo de respuesta fue menor para los usuarios de EpiApp (23,99 min [± DE 8,38] vs. 29,16 min [± DE 11,61], p = 0,005). No hubo diferencias en el número de respuestas correctas (p = 0,635), ni en la oportunidad de aprobar el cuestionario (p = 0,054). La usabilidad fue buena (MARS > 4). Discusión: Las Apps móviles tienen un gran potencial para ser útiles en la educación en salud y en la toma de decisiones en epidemiología, así como en la atención médica en general. No obstante, es esencial realizar estudios rigurosos para garantizar que estas aplicaciones sean efectivas, útiles, fáciles de usar y comprender. Conclusiones: EpiApp redujo el tiempo de respuesta en la resolución de problemas de epidemiología sin afectar el número de respuestas correctas. La usabilidad fue buena, aunque hay oportunidad de mejora en diversión, interés, adaptabilidad individual e interactividad. La efectividad y usabilidad de EpiApp requiere ser validada con estudios más rigurosos y en diferentes contextos.

Introduction: Mobile applications (Apps) are transforming learning perspectives in healthcare settings. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and usability of EpiApp as a support tool in the consultation and resolution of epidemiology problems, compared to traditional methods (TM). Methodology: EpiApp was designed using a methodological structure. A randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with two groups: EpiApp and TM. A standardized questionnaire and the MARS scale were used to evaluate effectiveness and usability, respectively. Results: A total of 176 students were randomized: EpiApp (n=88) and TM (n=88). Response time was shorter for EpiApp users (23.99 min [±SD 8.38] vs. 29.16 min [±SD 11.61], p=0.005). There were no differences in the number of correct responses (p=0.635) or the opportunity to pass the questionnaire (p=0.054). Usability was good (MARS>4). Discussion: Mobile Apps have great potential to be useful in healthcare education and decision-making in epidemiology, as well as in general medical care. However, it is essential to conduct rigorous studies to ensure that these applications are effective, useful, and easy to use and understand. Conclusions: EpiApp reduced response time in solving epidemiology problems without affecting the number of correct answers. The usability was good, although there is room for improvement in terms of enjoyment, interest, individual adaptability, and interactivity. The effectiveness and usability of EpiApp need to be validated through more rigorous studies in different contexts.

Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom in Health Sciences University Programs: A Literature Review / Efectividad del Aula Invertida en carreras universitarias de Ciencias de la Salud: Revisión de literatura / Efetividade da sala de aula invertida nas carreiras universitárias de ciências da saúde: revisão de literatura

Introduction: Higher education institutions have implemented active learning approaches, such as the Flipped Classroom, to promote the education of their students. Nevertheless, there is conflicting evidence regarding the benefits derived from its implementation. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom application in the education of university students from Health Sciences undergraduate programs. Materials and methods: A systematized narrative review of the literature published between 2012 and 2022. Pubmed, SciELo, Scopus y Web of Science were used as sources of primary articles. A revised version of the Kirkpatrick model was used to assess the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom. Results: 34 out of the 1020 retrieved articles reached the quantitative synthesis phase. Students value positively this didactic model and acknowledge its contributions in the development of attitudes, knowledge and skills. In contrast, some studies show an increase in the workload and stress levels of students. Conclusions: The evidence suggests that Flipped Classroom is a valid didactic model for the education of Health Sciences students. Future studies should consider the effectiveness of its implementation at a long term organizational level.

Introduction: Higher education institutions have implemented active learning approaches, such as the Flipped Classroom, to promote the education of their students. Nevertheless, there is conflicting evidence regarding the benefits derived from its implementation. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom application in the education of university students from Health Sciences undergraduate programs. Materials and methods: A systematized narrative review of the literature published between 2012 and 2022. Pubmed, SciELo, Scopus y Web of Science were used as sources of primary articles. A revised version of the Kirkpatrick model was used to assess the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom. Results: 34 out of the 1020 retrieved articles reached the quantitative synthesis phase. Students value positively this didactic model and acknowledge its contributions in the development of attitudes, knowledge and skills. In contrast, some studies show an increase in the workload and stress levels of students. Conclusions: The evidence suggests that Flipped Classroom is a valid didactic model for the education of Health Sciences students. Future studies should consider the effectiveness of its implementation at a long term organizational level.

Introducción: Las instituciones de educación superior han implementado enfoques activos de aprendizaje como el Aula Invertida para favorecer la formación de sus estudiantes. Sin embargo, existe evidencia diversa respecto de los beneficios derivados de su implementación. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de la aplicación del Aula Invertida en la formación de estudiantes universitarios de carreras de pregrado de las Ciencias de la Salud. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa sistematizada de la literatura publicada entre 2012 y 2022, utilizando Pubmed, SciELo, Scopus y Web of Science como fuentes de artículos primarios. Se utilizó la versión revisada del modelo de Kirkpatrick para valorar la efectividad del Aula Invertida. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 1020 artículos, 34 de ellos ingresaron a la fase de síntesis cuantitativa. Los estudiantes valoran positivamente este modelo didáctico y reconocen su aporte en el desarrollo de actitudes, conocimientos y habilidades. Algunos estudios mencionan un aumento de la carga de trabajo y niveles de estrés en los estudiantes. Conclusiones: La evidencia sugiere que Aula Invertida es un modelo didáctico válido para la formación de estudiantes de las Ciencias de la Salud. Futuros estudios deberían considerar la efectividad de su implementación a nivel organizacional y a largo plazo.

Competencias digitales en profesionales de ciencias de la salud / Digital Competences in Health Sciences Professionals

Introducción: Los adelantos tecnológicos han democratizado el uso de internet, lo que ha ocasionado la necesidad de la competencia digital en los profesionales de la salud para potenciar sus capacidades y mejorar en todas las ramas los servicios sanitarios, la salud humana y el bienestar de la población, aspectos que deben considerarse en la formación profesional. Objetivo: Describir las competencias digitales de los profesionales de ciencias de la salud. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica de tipo descriptiva, realizada en bases de datos bibliográficas especializadas (PubMed, Science Direct, Dialnet, SciELO, ProQuest, Latindex), en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS) y revistas científicas (Educación Médica Superior), desde abril de 2011 hasta diciembre de 2021. Resultados: De 1431 artículos, se seleccionaron 21 que dieron como resultado seis categorías: información y alfabetización informacional, comunicación y colaboración, uso técnico y seguridad, creación de contenido digital, resolución de problemas y factores relacionados con la competencia digital. Conclusiones: Los profesionales de ciencias de la salud presentan deficiencias en las competencias información y alfabetización informacional, comunicación y colaboración, creación de contenido digital y uso técnico y seguridad. Sin embargo, en resolución de problemas presentan más destrezas; a ellas se asocian factores donde los varones son más competentes que las mujeres y existe una correlación inversa en la que a mayor competencia menor edad tienen los profesionales de la salud(AU)

Introduction: Technological advances have democratized the use of the Internet, which has caused the need for digital competence in health professionals, in view of enhancing their capabilities and improving in all branches of health services, human health and population welfare, aspects that should be considered in professional training. Objective: To describe the digital competences of health sciences professionals. Methods: A descriptive literature review was conducted in specialized bibliographic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Dialnet, SciELO, ProQuest, Latindex), the Virtual Health Library (VHL), and scientific journals (Educación Médica Superior), from April 2011 to December 2021. Results: Out of 1431 articles, 21 were selected, which permitted to obtain six categories: information and information literacy, communication and collaboration, technical use and safety, digital content creation, problem solving, and factors related to digital competence. Conclusions: Health sciences professionals present deficiencies in the competences of information and information literacy, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, as well as technical use and safety. However, they present more skills in problem solving; these are associated with factors in which males are more competent than females and there is an inverse correlation by which the greater the competence, the younger the health professionals are(AU)

Contribución de los grupos de investigación a la formación doctoral del Programa en Ciencias de la Salud / The Contribution of Research Groups to the Doctoral Training within the Health Sciences Program

Introducción: La inserción de los doctorandos en grupos de investigación favorece su formación y el trabajo en equipos interdisciplinares. Objetivo: Identificar la contribución de los grupos de investigación a la formación doctoral del Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en el período 2018-2021. El grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por egresados, matriculados y tutores del Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud que imparte la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, a partir de una guía de tres temas que abordaba la problemática investigada, y que fueron validadas por miembros del Comité Doctoral. Resultados: Los egresados reconocieron la contribución de la inserción en los equipos durante su formación e hicieron sugerencias relacionadas con el acompañamiento durante el proceso. En el caso de los que estaban en formación, sugirieron aspectos que favorecerían el acceso a orientaciones con la forma de presentación y redacción de la tesis. Los tutores expresaron su conformidad con la inclusión de sus tutelados en los grupos y sugirieron, entre otros aspectos, aumentar la divulgación de los talleres previos a la defensa. Conclusiones: En la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública (ENSAP) se ha logrado que los/as profesionales con grados científicos no trabajen aislados, sino que estén articulados a los grupos de investigación, con resultados favorables, lo que ha sido avalado por los/as egresados/as del programa, matriculados/as y tutores(AU)

Introduction: The insertion of PhD aspirants into research groups favors their training and work in interdisciplinary teams. Objective: To identify the contribution of research groups to the doctoral training of the doctoral program in Health Sciences. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in the period 2018-2021. The study group consisted of graduates, enrolled participants and supervisors from the doctoral program in Health Sciences taught by the Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. In-depth interviews were carried out upon the basis of a guide with three topics that addressed the investigated problem situation, validated by members of the Doctoral Board. Results: The graduates recognized the contribution of them being inserted into the teams during their training and made suggestions related to the accompaniment during the process. In the case of those in training, they suggested aspects that would favor access to guidance concerning how to present and write their dissertations. The supervisors expressed their agreement with the inclusion of their protégés into the groups and recommended, among other aspects, increasing the dissemination of the workshops prior to the defense. Conclusions: At the Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, it has been achieved that professionals with scientific degrees do not work in isolation, but in an articulated manner together with research groups, with favorable results, which has been acknowledged by graduates, enrolled participants and supervisors from that program(AU)

Caracterización de la actividad investigativa de los alumnos ayudantes en la Facultad Victoria de Girón / Characterization of Research Activity by the Student Teachers at Facultad Victoria de Girón

Introducción: El Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes "Frank País" constituye una valiosa cantera de investigadores. Sin embargo, estas potencialidades no siempre generan tal resultado, lo cual torna necesario monitorizar sistemáticamente dicha actividad. Objetivo: Caracterizar la actividad investigativa de los alumnos ayudantes en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Victoria de Girón". Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en una muestra probabilística estratificada de 131 sujetos. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo. Se empleó la prueba ji al cuadrado de Pearson y el coeficiente V de Cramer. Resultados: Los estudiantes en el quinto año académico, de las 12 habilidades investigativas exploradas, en 8 alcanzaron las mayores cifras en cuanto a los que expresaron dominarlas. El área clínica fue la de principal interés investigativo (50,4 %); esta variable se asoció con el tipo de especialidad de la ayudantía (p < 0,001; V = 0,710). El 53,4 % de los educandos refirió estar vinculado a la investigación científica, lo cual presentó asociación estadística (p < 0,001; 0,6 ≤ V < 0,8) con las variables: antigüedad en el movimiento de alumnos ayudantes, autopercepción de su importancia en la formación profesional, la autoevaluación de la preparación en ella, incorporación a un proyecto de investigación, pertenencia al Grupo Científico Estudiantil e interés por practicarla en el posgrado. Pocos se encontraban vinculados a proyectos de investigación (n = 22), al Grupo Científico Estudiantil (n = 37) y a la publicación científica (n = 22). Conclusiones: En los alumnos ayudantes de esta facultad se observa una insuficiente actividad en investigación científica.

Introduction: "Frank País" Student Teachers Movement is a valuable pool of researchers. However, these potentialities do not always produce such outcomes; therefore, systematic monitoring of this activity is necessary. Objective: To characterize the research activity of student teachers at Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Victoria de Girón". Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with a stratified probabilistic sample of 131 subjects. The statistical analysis was descriptive. Pearson's chi-squared test and Cramer's V coefficient were used. Results: Of the 12 explored research skills, fifth academic year students expressed that they mastered 8 of them, in which they reached the highest figures. The clinical area received the main interest in research (50.4 %); this variable was associated with the type of specialty of the student teachers (p<0.001; V=0.710). 53.4 % of the students reported that they were involved in scientific research, a condition statistically associated (p<0.001; 0.6≤V<0.8) with the variables service time in the student teachers movement, perception of its importance in self-professional training, self-assessment of training for it, recent involvement into a research project, membership in the students' scientific group, and interest in practicing the specialty during the postgraduate stage. Few of them were involved in research projects (n=22), the students' scientific group (n=37), or participated in scientific publication (n=22). Conclusions: Insufficient activity in scientific research is observed among the student teachers of this medical school.

Concreción de competencias transversales para lograr competencia intercultural en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud / Concretization of Cross-Sectional Competences for Achieving Intercultural Competence among Health Sciences Students

El proceso formativo de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud se ve desafiado a responder ante una sociedad diversa. Las experiencias, las costumbres, las creencias, la religión y la cultura influyen en las decisiones del paciente ante un proceso de salud/enfermedad, lo que genera incertidumbre en el estudiantado. A nivel internacional, la capacitación en competencia intercultural en salud es requisito de acreditación; pero en Sudamérica no ocurre lo mismo. Lineamientos internacionales han instaurado el desarrollo de competencias transversales para adquirir habilidades que le permitan al individuo desenvolverse en el escenario mundial, lo cual podría constituirse en la base fundamental para adquirir competencia intercultural en salud. Los objetivos de este artículo son identificar cómo los lineamientos para desarrollar competencias transversales tributan al logro de competencia intercultural en salud en relación con cuatro modelos de competencia cultural en salud, y exponer estrategias didácticas que permiten desarrollar ambas competencias durante el proceso formativo del estudiantado de las ciencias de la salud. Se concluye que las competencias transversales permiten adquirir habilidades, valores y competencias que facilitarían lograr las características que los diferentes modelos de competencia cultural en salud indican. Diversas metodologías activas resultan apropiadas para concretar el desarrollo de ambas competencias; no obstante, deben acompañarse de debriefing para adquirir pensamiento crítico y reflexividad en el estudiantado, además de que este proceso no se realice bajo patrones etnocentristas. Por lo tanto, es necesario indagar cómo se está desarrollando la reflexividad en el proceso formativo del estudiantado de ciencias de la salud(AU)

The training process of health sciences students is challenged to respond to a diverse society. Experiences, customs, beliefs, religion and culture influence the patient's decisions in the face of a health/disease process, which causes uncertainty among students. Internationally, training in intercultural competence in health is a requirement for accreditation, but this is not the case in South America. International guidelines have established the development of cross-sectional competences for acquiring skills that allow the individual to practice an activity in the global scenario, which could become the fundamental basis for acquiring intercultural competence in health. The objectives of this article are to identify how the guidelines to develop cross-sectional competences contribute to the achievement of intercultural competence in health in relation to four models of cultural competence in health, as well as to expose didactic strategies that allow to develop both competences during the training process of health sciences students. It is concluded that cross-sectional competences allow to acquire skills, values and competences that would facilitate the achievement of the characteristics indicated by the different models of cultural competence in health. Different active methodologies are appropriate to concretize the development of both competences; however, they should be accompanied by debriefing for the students to acquire critical thinking and reflexivity, while this process should not be carried out under ethnocentric patterns. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how that reflexivity is being developed in the training process of health sciences students(AU)

Expansão da telessaúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde e as desigualdades regionais no Brasil / Expansion of telehealth in Primary Health Care and the regional inequalities in Brazil / Expansión de la telesalud en la Atención Primaria de Salud y desigualdades regionales en Brasil

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a expansão da telessaúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil e comparar as regiões geográficas. Estudo de série histórica com dados secundários da Avaliação Externa do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) obtidos a partir dos módulos I e II do 1º (2012), do 2º (2014) e do 3º (2018) ciclos. Os equipamentos de Tecnologia da Informação e o uso da telessaúde foram associados aos ciclos e às regiões geográficas pelo teste qui-quadrado ajustados pelo teste z de Bonferroni, e a comparação entre a média de equipamentos foi realizada pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). Houve expansão no uso da telessaúde pelas Equipes de Atenção Básica (eAB) entre 2012 (12,7%), 2014 (27,7%) e 2018 (54,6%) (p<0,001). Houve aumento da média de todos equipamentos disponíveis para as eAB (p<0,001). Apesar do aumento na disponibilidade de equipamentos e do uso da telessaúde entre os ciclos e as regiões geográficas, as disparidades regionais se mantiveram, com as piores proporções no Norte e no Nordeste

The objective of the study was to analyze the expansion of telehealth in Primary Health Care in Brazil and make a comparison between Brazilian geographic regions. The historical series study with secondary data from the External Evaluation of the Access and Quality Improvement National Program of Primary Care obtained from modules I and II of the 1st (2012), 2nd (2014) and 3rd (2018) cycles. Information Technology equipment and the use of telehealth were associated with cycles and geographic regions by the chi-square test adjusted by Bonferroni's z test and comparison between the mean of equipment, by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). The proportion of use of telehealth by the Primary Care Teams (eAB) increased between 2012 (12.7%), 2014 (27.7%) and 2018 (54.6%). There was expansion in the average of all equipment available for eAB (p<0.001). Despite the increase in the availability of equipment and use of telehealth between cycles and geographic regions, regional disparities remained, with worse proportions in North and Northeast regions

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la expansión de la telesalud en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil y comparar regiones geográficas. Estudio de serie histórica con datos secundarios de la Evaluación Externa del Programa Nacional de Mejora del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Primaria obtenidos de los módulos I y II del 1° (2012), 2° (2014) y 3° (2018) ciclos. El uso de equipos de Tecnologías de la Información y telesalud se asoció con ciclos y regiones geográficas por la prueba de chi-cuadrado ajustada por la prueba z de Bonferroni y la comparación entre el promedio de equipos por la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). Hubo expansión en el uso de telesalud por parte de los Equipos de Atención Primaria (eAB) entre 2012 (12,7%), 2014 (27,7%) y 2018 (54,6%) (p<0,001). Hubo un aumento en el promedio de todos los equipos disponibles para los eAB (p<0,001). A pesar del aumento en la disponibilidad de equipos y uso de telesalud entre ciclos y regiones geográficas, las disparidades regionales se mantuvieron, con peores proporciones en el Norte y Nordeste

Trayectorias académicas de los estudiantes de licenciaturas de ciencias de la salud / Health sciences undergraduate students academic track records

Resumen Antecedentes: El análisis de las trayectorias académicas es fundamental para evaluar la formación de los estudiantes y la estructura de los programas de estudio de educación superior, lo que permite diagnosticar y prevenir el rezago y abandono escolar. Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias en las trayectorias académicas de los estudiantes de las licenciaturas en ciencias de la salud de la UNAM de las generaciones 2001 a 2016. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes reales; se calcularon tasas de egreso y rezago. Se realizó ANOVA para contrastar el egreso entre planteles por carrera y tiempo. Para identificar los períodos críticos se utilizaron funciones de supervivencia con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: En las licenciaturas en enfermería y medicina se observaron los menores porcentajes de rezago; enfermería presentó los mayores porcentajes de egreso, sobre todo en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza; odontología mostró los menores índices de egreso y mayores índices de abandono y rezago. Las mujeres mostraron mayor egreso y menor riesgo de abandono y rezago. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de las licenciaturas en enfermería, medicina y psicología de las facultades de estudios superiores Zaragoza e Iztacala, con programas modulares, alcanzaron los mayores porcentajes de egreso y menores índices de abandono y rezago.

Abstract Background: Academic track record analysis is essential for evaluating the training of students and the structure of higher education study programs, which allows diagnosing and preventing educational lag and school dropout. Objective: To analyze the differences in academic track records of UNAM health sciences undergraduate students from generations 2001 to 2016. Material and methods: Study of real cohorts; graduation and lag rates were calculated. ANOVA was used to contrast the graduation rates between campuses by undergraduate program and time. To identify critical periods, survival functions were used with Kaplan-Meier’s method. Results: The lowest percentages of lag were observed in nursing and medicine students; nursing students had the highest graduation rates, especially at Zaragoza campus; dentistry students had the lowest graduation rates and the highest dropout and lag rates. Women showed higher graduation rates and lower risk of dropout and lag. Conclusions: Nursing, medicine and psychology undergraduate students at Zaragoza and Iztacala campuses, with modular programs, achieved the highest graduation percentages and the lowest dropout and lag rates.

Política interministerial para la investigación, transferencia y fortalecimiento de la salud en territorio, una experiencia federal / Interministerial Policy for Research, Transfer and Strengthening of Health in the Territory, a Federal Experience

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: En marzo de 2023, en el marco del "Convenio Marco de Cooperación y Asistencia Técnica Mutua - MSAL/MINCYT", se creó el "Proyecto Federal Interministerial de Investigación, Transferencia y Fortalecimiento para la Salud en Territorio". El objetivo fue presentar un proceso de trabajo innovador entre dos ministerios, que sienta las bases para configurar un modelo de gestión de las políticas de investigación en salud con asiento federal y tendiente a potenciar las funciones y capacidades institucionales de cada sector. MÉTODOS: La coordinación del Proyecto se encuentra a cargo de un Comité Interministerial. En 2023 se realizó la Convocatoria para la presentación de un proyecto anual, que consta de dos componentes: A) Línea de investigación y transferencia; y B) Plan de fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales de las áreas de investigación de los ministerios de salud jurisdiccionales agrupadas en la Red Ministerial de Áreas de Investigación en Salud de Argentina. RESULTADOS: Las 24 jurisdicciones presentaron sus proyectos, y todos ellos resultaron aprobados. La estrategia tuvo un impacto en el fortalecimiento de los mecanismos de trabajo conjunto de dos ministerios nacionales, que debieron armonizar modalidades de gestión entre las áreas de investigación en salud y las representaciones de CyT en el ámbito jurisdiccional y entre los decisores en materia sanitaria y los actores del sistema científico. DISCUSIÓN: Esta experiencia contribuye a fortalecer las capacidades estatales, a la vez que permite identificar aspectos que requieren continuar siendo trabajados para consolidar nuevas modalidades de gestión interministeriales.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: In March 2023, within the framework of the "Framework Agreement for Cooperation and Mutual Technical Assistance - MSAL/MINCYT", the "Federal Interministerial Project of Research, Transfer and Strengthening for Health in the Territory" was created. The objective was to present an innovative work process between the Ministry of Health (MSAL) and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MINCYT), that lays the foundations for a management model of health research policies with a federal approach and aimed at enhancing the institutional functions and capacities of each sector. METHODS: The Project was coordinated by an Interministerial Committee. In 2023 there was a Call for the presentation of an annual project that consists of two components: A) Line of research and transfer; and B) Plan to strengthen the institutional capacities of the research areas of the jurisdictional health ministries grouped in REMINSA. RESULTS: The 24 jurisdictions presented their projects, and all of them were approved. The strategy strengthened the joint work mechanisms of two national ministries, that had to harmonize management patterns between health research areas and S&T representations at the jurisdictional level and between health decision-makers and the actors of the scientific system. DISCUSSION: This experience contributes to strengthening state capacities, while allowing to identify aspects that require continued work to reinforce new interministerial management patterns.

Performance of physical activity as a predictor of women's mammography screening attendance in a population of Northeast Brazil

Introduction: Despite the increasing incidence of breast cancer among women in Northeast Brazil, there have been no studies on the association between physical activity and attendance to mammography screening. Objective: This study of Brazilian women addressed socio-economic variables, physical activity, and knowledge about breast cancer and their impact on attendance to mammography screening. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted as an epidemiological evaluation. Data were obtained by interviewing 307 women in a public health center. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the odds ratio (ORs) and confidence intervals (CI) of variables. Results: Mean age of women was 49.79 (SD=8.63) years and 172 (56.0%) were between 40 and 49 years old. Women aged from 40 to 49 and ≥50 years who performed physical activity, had a 2.4-fold (95% CI: 1.13-5.04) and 10.6-fold (95% CI: 2.66-41.95) increased chance to attend MS every year (p=0.040; p<0.001). Women aged between 40 and 49 years with a low and middle income, had a 10.3-fold (OR=0.097; 95% CI: 0.02-0.53) and 13.2-fold (OR=0.076; 95% CI: 0.11 0.53) decreased chance to attend MS every second year (p=0.007). The MS attendance of women aged ≥50 years with basic education level was 13.3 (OR=0.075; 95% CI: 0.09-0.66) times decreased (p=0.010). Conclusion: Physical activity represented an important predictor of MS attendance of all women. The impact of income and education level, in contrast, depended strongly on the age group.

Impact of communication campaigns to Blaan indigenous peoples covered by Community Health and Development Program, University of the Philippines Manila

Background@#The Community Health and Development Program (CHDP) is a longstanding program of the University of the Philippines (UP) Manila, School of Health Sciences, Extension Campus in South Cotabato. While its service goes beyond teaching and extends to community development projects benefiting indigenous sectors, yet there has been no comprehensive and systematic evaluation on the program's health communication materials which promote culturally safe and acceptable health care practices that lead to normative changes.@*Objective@#Using descriptive-interpretive qualitative approach, the researcher identified the communication approaches and documented their health knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) to identify any normative changes.@*Methodology@#A total of 24 respondents gave their views on the program's dengue, malnutrition, teenage pregnancy, and family planning campaigns using a closed-ended survey, qualitative KAP analysis, and ethnovideography.@*Results@#Results showed that information dissemination is limited to printed media and interpersonal communication via small groups; contents of health communication campaigns are less understandable; and social mobilization efforts demonstrated low levels of community engagement. Also, communication between health workers and Blaan indigenous peoples is not transactional due to the lack of feedback and involvement in the decision-making process. The respondents' knowledge on health demonstrated low levels of end-user engagement reflective of unsustainable knowledge on modern medicine. Normative changes are only evident on family planning campaigns.@*Conclusion@#The long-term sustainability of health promotion among indigenous peoples may be inhibited due to non-evident normative changes that trigger societal transformation. The paper suggests that a specialized communication strategy intended for Blaan indigenous peoples must be considered and applied in order to react collectively and effectively to address health issues.

Extent of self-regulated learning among allied health students in an online environment

Background@#The shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused students to experience several challenges in their academic lives. A strategy that may assist in mitigating these challenges and facilitating students' positive adaptation to online learning is the promotion of self-regulated learning (SRL). However, SRL is underexplored in the context of health sciences students. @*Objectives@#This study aimed to describe the extent and examine the nature of SRL of allied health students in a fully remote learning environment. @*Methodology@#This is a cross-sectional online survey study. Data were collected online using Qualtrics. Descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the extent and nature of SRL, respectively. @*Results@#Responses from 241 participants show that students had a mean self-regulated learning score of 82.80 out of 120 (SD=12.68). Of the dimensions of SRL, students had higher scores in environmental structuring, time management, and self-evaluation than the other dimensions. A six-factor second-order model of self-regulation showed adequate model-data fit (χ2=673.88, CFI=0.95, TLI=0.95, SRMR=0.09, RMSEA=0.09 [90% CI=0.08-0.09]). @*Conclusion@#Health science students showed a high level of SRL; SRL for these students is adequately measured using the six dimensions of goal setting, environmental structuring, tasks strategies, time management, help seeking, and self-evaluation. The results indicate the value of understanding the extent and nature of SRL as a first step in planning strategies to support learning and student success in remote environments.

Educação física escolar e a educação em saúde: uma análise em dissertações e teses brasileiras / School physical education and health education: an analysis of Brazilian dissertations and theses / Educación física en la escuela y la educación en salud: un análisis de disertaciones y tesis brasileñas

RESUMO Buscou-se investigar os diálogos estabelecidos entre a educação física escolar e a educação em saúde, em uma revisão sistemática, a partir da análise de dissertações e teses brasileiras produzidas na última década. Encontraram-se 25 pesquisas de mestrado e cinco de doutorado. Os temas mais enfatizados foram a formação de professores, a aptidão física e as Políticas Públicas de Educação em Saúde nas escolas. Houve prevalência de estudos que relacionaram o ensino da saúde na perspectiva biológica, sendo pouco abordado o ensino das questões sociais em interface à saúde.

ABSTRACT The aim was to investigate the dialogues established between school physical education and health education in a systematic review, based on the analysis of Brazilian dissertations and theses produced in the last decade. Twenty-five master's and five doctoral researches were found. The most emphasized themes were teacher training, physical fitness and Public Policies of Health Education in schools. There was a prevalence of studies that related the teaching of health from a biological perspective, with little approach to the teaching of social issues at the interface of health.

RESUMEN Buscamos investigar los diálogos establecidos entre la educación física escolar y la educación para la salud, en una revisión sistemática, a partir del análisis de disertaciones y tesis brasileñas producidas en la última década. Se encontraron 25 investigaciones de máster y cinco de doctorado. Los temas más destacados fueron la formación del profesorado, la aptitud física y las políticas públicas de educación sanitaria en las escuelas. Hubo un predominio de estudios que relacionaron la enseñanza de la salud en la perspectiva biológica, mientras que se abordó poco la enseñanza de las cuestiones sociales en la interfaz con la salud.

Synchronous and observational telesimulation in health: a scoping review / Telesimulación síncrona y observacional en salud: scoping review / Telessimulação síncrona e observacional em saúde: scoping review

ABSTRACT Objective: to map the necessary steps and components for operationalizing a synchronous and observational telesimulation design in the context of developing clinical competencies aimed at students and health professionals. Method a scoping review supported by the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews: Checklist and Explanation, and by the assumptions of the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviews' manual method. The search was carried out in November 2021 in 13 databases, totaling nine studies in the final sample, which were then analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Results two categories were developed: steps and components for operationalizing a synchronous and observational telesimulation design; and challenges to implement synchronous and observational telesimulation. Conclusion operationalizing a synchronous and observational telesimulation has been supported by a six-step instructional design, characterized by planning, preparation, participation, teledebriefing, learner assessment/feedback collection and additional learning, capable of developing the students' cognitive and affective skills. The relevant challenges to this context were also highlighted, configured by the need to obtain a sufficient technological structure for remotely transmitting the telesimulated scenario and an adequately trained faculty.

RESUMEN Objetivo mapear los pasos y componentes necesarios para la operacionalización de un diseño de telesimulación síncrona y observacional en el contexto del desarrollo de competencias clínicas dirigidas a estudiantes y profesionales de la salud. Método scoping review respaldada por las recomendaciones de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews: Checklist and Explanation y por los supuestos del método manual de Joanna Briggs Institute Reviews. La búsqueda se realizó en noviembre de 2021 en 13 bases de datos, totalizando nueve estudios en la muestra final, analizados mediante Análisis Temático. Resultados se desarrollaron dos categorías: etapas y componentes para la operacionalización de un diseño de telesimulación síncrona y observacional; y desafíos para implementar la telesimulación síncrona y observacional. Conclusión la puesta en funcionamiento de la telesimulación observacional y sincrónica ha sido respaldada por un diseño instruccional de seis pasos, caracterizado por planificación, preparación, participación, teledebriefing, evaluación del alumno/ recopilación de comentarios y aprendizaje adicional, capaz de desarrollar las habilidades cognitivas y afectivas del aprendiz. También se destacaron los desafíos relevantes a este contexto, configurados por la necesidad de obtener una estructura tecnológica suficiente para la transmisión remota del escenario telesimulado y un cuerpo docente adecuadamente capacitado.

RESUMO Objetivo mapear as etapas e componentes necessários para a operacionalização de um design de telessimulação síncrona e observacional no contexto do desenvolvimento de competências clínicas voltadas a estudantes e profissionais de saúde. Método scoping review sustentada pelas recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews: Checklist and Explanation e pelos pressupostos do método Joanna Briggs Institute Reviews' manual. Realizou-se a busca em novembro de 2021 em 13 bases de dados, totalizando nove estudos na amostra final, analisados por meio de Análise Temática. Resultados desenvolveram-se duas categorias: etapas e componentes para a operacionalização de um design de telessimulação síncrona e observacional; e desafios para implementar a telessimulação síncrona e observacional. Conclusão a operacionalização da telessimulação síncrona e observacional vem sendo sustentada por um design instrucional de seis etapas, caracterizadas pelo planejamento, preparação, participação, teledebriefing, avaliação do aprendiz/coleta de feedback e aprendizagem adicional, capazes de desenvolver as habilidades cognitivas e afetivas do aprendiz. Destacaram-se, ainda, os desafios pertinentes a este contexto, configurados pela necessidade de se obter uma estrutura tecnológica suficiente para transmissão remota do cenário telessimulado e um corpo docente adequadamente treinado.

Scientific production of CNPq researchers in the areas of physical therapy and occupational therapy, Brazil / Produção científica dos pesquisadores do CNPq nas áreas de fisioterapia e terapia ocupacional, Brasil

Abstract Introduction : The scientific production of the areas of physical therapy and occupational therapy presented important growth and international visibility. Objective : To evaluate technical and scientific indicators, in addition to the training of human resources, of scholarship researchers of scientific productivity of CNPq (PQ), in the area of physical therapy and occupational therapy. Methods : A cross-sectional, census and quantitative study was conducted from the Lattes curricula of CNPq researchers with active scholarships in December 2021. The information was extracted through the Lattes Platform of CNPq, including three dimensions of variables for analysis: a) researcher profile; b) scientific production; c) training of human resources. Results : The evaluation included 73 PQ CNPq, in the areas of physical therapy and occupational therapy. The majority were female (n = 42; 57.5%), distributed in 26 different institutions in the country, with the Southeast region being the most prevalent. The largest portion of the PQ completed their doctorate between 11 and 20 years ago (n = 41; 56.2%) and did postdoctoral work (n = 55; 75.3%) abroad (n = 32; 58.2%). The group published 9,486 scientific articles throughout its career, averaging 129.94 scientific articles per PQ. The group of PQ supervised a total of 2,561 undergraduate students, 1,748 master's and 800 doctoral students. The mean H index of PQ was 19.74 (CI 95% = 18.40-21.11; SD = 5.71; median = 19). Conclusion : The PQ scholarship researchers presented significant scientific production and training of human resources, which confirms the important development of the areas in the last ten years. However, a strong nucleation of this production was observed.

Resumo Introducão : A produção científica das áreas de fisioterapia e terapia ocupacional apresentou importante crescimento e visibilidade internacional. Objetivo : Avaliar indicadores técni-cos e científicos, além da formação de recursos humanos, de pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade científica do CNPq (PQ), nas área de fisioterapia e terapia ocupacional. Métodos : Realizou-se estudo transversal, censitário e quantitativo, a partir dos currículos Lattes dos pesquisadores do CNPq, nas áreas mencionadas, com bolsas ativas em dezembro de 2021. As informações foram extraídas da Plataforma Lattes do CNPq, incluindo três dimensões de variáveis para análise: a) perfil do pesquisador; b) produção científica; c) formação de recursos humanos. Resultados : Foram incluídos na avaliação 73 PQ do CNPq, nas áreas de fisioterapia e terapia ocupacional. A maioria foi do sexo feminino (n = 42; 57,5%), distribuída em 26 instituições distintas no país, sendo a região Sudeste a mais prevalente. A maior parcela dos PQ finalizou o doutorado entre 11 e 20 anos atrás (n = 41; 56,2%) e realizou pós-doutorado (n = 55; 75,3%) no exterior (n = 32; 58,2%). O grupo publicou 9.486 artigos científicos durante toda a carreira, com média de 129,94 artigos científicos por PQ. O conjunto dos PQ orientou um total de 2.561 estudantes de iniciação científica, 1.748 de mestrado e 800 de doutorado. O índice H médio dos PQ foi de 19,74 (IC 95% = 18,40-21,11; DP = 5,71; mediana = 19). Conclusão : Os bolsistas PQ apresentaram significativa produção científica e formação de recursos humanos, o que confirma o importante desenvolvimento das áreas nos últimos dez anos. Observou-se, entretanto, forte nucleação dessa produção.

Software para apoio à decisão logística no processo de captação e transplante de órgãos / Software de apoyo a la decisión logística en el proceso de obtención y trasplante de órganos / Software to support logistic decision in the process of organ acquisition and transplantation

Objetivo: desenvolver e avaliar um software para apoio à tomada de decisão dos profissionais da central de transplantes nas definições logísticas envolvidas no processo de captação e distribuição de órgãos para transplante. Método: estudo de produção tecnológica aplicada, sustentado pelo método Design Science Research Methodology. Participaram da etapa de avaliação da usabilidade dez enfermeiros da Central de Transplantes de Santa Catarina. A coleta de dados ocorreu de 1 a 20 de julho de 2021 por meio do questionário System Usability Scale. Resultados: o software utilizou linguagem JavaScript com ReactJS e PHP com Laravel, para o banco de dados PostgreSQL. A avaliação obteve escore médio de 98,25, sendo sua usabilidade considerada como melhor alcançável. Conclusão: o software demonstrou ser adequado e funcional, com fácil manuseio, reunindo informações integradas e objetivas. Representa um avanço na área, propondo uma inovação tecnológica para a gestão e apoio às decisões logísticas envolvidas no processo de captação e transplante de órgãos.

Objetivo: desenvolver e avaliar um software para apoio à tomada de decisão dos profissionais da central de transplantes nas definições logísticas envolvidas no processo de captação e distribuição de órgãos para transplante. Método: estudo de produção tecnológica aplicada, sustentado pelo método Design Science Research Methodology. Participaram da etapa de avaliação da usabilidade dez enfermeiros da Central de Transplantes de Santa Catarina. A coleta de dados ocorreu de 1 a 20 de julho de 2021 por meio do questionário System Usability Scale. Resultados: o software utilizou linguagem JavaScript com ReactJS e PHP com Laravel, para o banco de dados PostgreSQL. A avaliação obteve escore médio de 98,25, sendo sua usabilidade considerada como melhor alcançável. Conclusión: o software demonstrou ser adequado e funcional, com fácil manuseio, reunindo informações integradas e objetivas. Representa um avanço na área, propondo uma inovação tecnológica para a gestão e apoio às decisões logísticas envolvidas no processo de captação e transplante de órgãos.

Objective: to develop and evaluate a software to support the decision-making of transplant center professionals in the logistic definitions involved in the process of organ procurement and distribution for transplantation. Method: applied technological production study, supported by the Design Science Research Methodology method. Ten nurses from the Transplant Center of Santa Catarina participated in the usability evaluation stage. Data collection took place from 1 to 20 July 2021 through the System Usability Scale questionnaire. Results: the software used JavaScript language with ReactJS and PHP with Laravel, for the PostgreSQL database. The evaluation obtained a mean score of 98.25, and its usability is considered as best achievable. Conclusion: the software proved to be adequate and functional, with easy handling, gathering integrated and objective information. It represents a breakthrough in the area, proposing a technological innovation for the management and support to the logistic decisions involved in the process of organ procurement and transplantation.

Process of building an entrepreneurial career in Nursing / Proceso de construcción de una carrera de emprendedor(a) en Enfermería / Processo de construção da carreira empreendedora na Enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To learn about the experiences of nurse entrepreneurs in building their careers and business trajectories. Method: A descriptive and exploratory, qualitative study carried out with nurse entrepreneurs, recruited using the snowball technique. Interviews were conducted via Skype and audio-recorded between June and July 2021, which were transcribed and subjected to content analysis. Results: 15 nurses participated. Three thematic axes were identified: "Entrepreneurship in nursing with the use of technologies", which presented niches of activity and the use of technologies; "Desire to innovate even with fear of the new", which reports feelings and motivations related to entrepreneurship, especially innovation; and "What nurses need to know before starting a business", which presents the risks and benefits of entrepreneurship, as well as the skills needed by entrepreneurs. Conclusion: The entrepreneurial experience presents challenges for nurses. Thus, encouraging knowledge about entrepreneurship makes it possible to strengthen autonomy and gain new opportunities in nursing.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer las experiencias de enfermeras emprendedoras en la construcción de sus carreras y trayectorias empresariales. Método: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo y exploratorio realizado con enfermeras emprendedoras reclutadas mediante la técnica "Bola de Nieve". Las entrevistas se realizaron a través de Skype y se grabaron en audio entre junio y julio de 2021, se transcribieron y se sometieron a un análisis de contenido. Resultados: Participaron 15 enfermeras. Se identificaron tres ejes temáticos: "Emprendimiento en enfermería con el uso de tecnologías", que presenta nichos de actividad y el uso de tecnologías; "Deseo de innovar aún con miedo a lo nuevo", que reporta sentimientos y motivaciones relacionados con el emprendimiento, especialmente la innovación; y "Lo que las enfermeras necesitan saber antes de emprender", que presenta los riesgos y beneficios del emprendimiento, así como las habilidades que necesitan las emprendedoras. Conclusión: La experiencia emprendedora presenta retos en la práctica de las enfermeras. Por lo tanto, fomentar el conocimiento sobre el espíritu emprendedor permite fortalecer la autonomía y obtener nuevas oportunidades en la enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer as experiências de enfermeiros empreendedores na construção da carreira e trajetória empresarial. Método: Estudo descritivo e exploratório, qualitativo, realizado com enfermeiros empreendedores, recrutados pela técnica "Bola de Neve". Realizou-se entrevistas via Skype e audiogravadas nos meses de junho a julho de 2021, que foram transcritas e submetidas a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Participaram 15 enfermeiros. Identificou-se três eixos temáticos: "Empreender na enfermagem com a utilização de tecnologias", que apresentou nichos de atuação e o uso de tecnologias; "Desejo de inovar mesmo com medo do novo", que relata sentimentos e motivações relacionados ao empreender, em especial a inovação; e "O que o enfermeiro precisa saber antes de empreender", que apresenta os riscos e benefícios do empreendimento, bem como, as habilidades necessárias ao empreendedor. Conclusão: A experiência empreendedora apresenta desafios na prática dos enfermeiros. Destarte, incentivar o saber sobre o empreendedorismo possibilita o fortalecimento da autonomia e conquista de novas oportunidades de atuação na Enfermagem.

Impacto de instituciones cubanas en la producción científica acerca de las Ciencias de la Salud

En el año 2021 se desarrollan investigaciones en el Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas para analizar el comportamiento de la producción científica cubana en salud en varias bases de datos. Como resultado de estos procesos se generó una serie de informes bibliométricos enfocados en el apoyo a la toma de decisiones de los directivos del sistema. Uno de los componentes analizados fueron las instituciones cubanas que contribuyen a la producción científica del país en temas relacionados con la salud. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar las principales instituciones cubanas que más impacto tienen en la producción científica cubana relacionada con las Ciencias de la Salud. Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico descriptivo en múltiples fuentes de información. Los datos fueron extraídos durante los primeros meses del año 2021. Las instituciones investigativas de salud y centros de biotecnología son los que más aportan a las publicaciones. También contribuyen de forma elevada varios centros de enseñanza superior. Es la Universidad de La Habana la entidad que mayor cantidad de artículos tributa en todas las bases de datos, seguida por la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana y la Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Esto destaca la importancia de las universidades y su rol para el desarrollo de la ciencia y la investigación en el país. Se detectaron problemas en los procesos de declaración de metadatos y errores en los nombres de las instituciones en las bases de datos, lo cual influye directamente en el comportamiento de la producción científica cubana en salud.

In the year 2021, research is being developed at the National Center for Medical Sciences Information to analyze the behavior of Cuban scientific production in health in several databases. As a result of these processes, a series of bibliometric reports were generated to support decision making by the system's managers. One of the components analyzed were the Cuban institutions that contribute to the country's scientific production in health-related topics. The objective of this work was to identify the main Cuban institutions that have the greatest impact on Cuban scientific production related to Health Sciences. A descriptive bibliometric analysis was carried out in multiple sources of information. The data were extracted during the first months of the year 2021. Health research institutions and biotechnology centers are the main contributors to publications. Several higher education centers also contribute a high number of publications. The University of Havana is the entity that contributes the largest number of articles in all the databases, followed by the University of Medical Sciences of Havana and the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas. This highlights the importance of universities and their role in the development of science and research in the country. Problems were detected in the processes of metadata declaration and errors in the names of the institutions in the databases, which directly influence the behavior of Cuban scientific production in health.

Marco de referencia de las competencias investigativas para la Educación Médica

El presente ensayo teórico tuvo como objetivo presentar una actualización sobre las competencias investigativas y describir un marco de referencia para que pueda ser aplicada a los programas universitarios de las ciencias de la salud. Metodológicamente se indagó en fuentes de información del tipo artículos de revisión ubicables en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus; la lectura y análisis de las fuentes se realizó desde un abordaje hermenéutico clásico en conjunto con reflexiones y propuestas del investigador. Las categorías de análisis se relacionaron con las definiciones, bases teóricas y las estrategias de las competencias investigativas que se pueden implementar en el sistema universitario para fomentar su desarrollo. Los hallazgos permiten concebir a las competencias investigativas como un conjunto de conocimientos, destrezas y actitudes necesarias para lograr un desempeño efectivo en el proceso investigativo. Su proceso formativo puede estudiarse desde el constructivismo social, constructivismo histórico-cultural y la investigación formativa. Las principales estrategias para fomentar su desarrollo involucran aprendizaje basado en proyectos, clubes de lectura, redacción de ensayos, participación en grupos de investigación, semilleros de investigación, entre otros. Se concluye que las competencias investigativas son necesarias para la formación de los estudiantes de las ciencias de la salud, principalmente para el fomento del pensamiento crítico y la toma de decisiones basada en evidencia.

The objective of this theoretical essay is to present an update on investigative skills and describe a frame of reference so that it can be applied to university programs in health sciences. Methodologically, review articles located in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were consulted. The reading and analysis of the sources were carried out from a classical hermeneutic approach, together with reflections and proposals from the researcher. The categories of analysis were related to the definitions, theoretical bases and strategies of the investigative competences, which can be implemented in the university system to promote their development. The findings allow us to conceive investigative competencies as a set of knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to achieve effective performance in the investigative process. Its formative process can be studied from social constructivism, historical-cultural constructivism and formative research. The main strategies to promote their development involve project-based learning, reading clubs, essay writing, participation in research groups, research hothouses, among others. It is concluded that investigative skills are necessary for the training of health science students, mainly for the promotion of critical thinking and evidence-based decision-making.

La producción científica de estudiantes relacionados con los programas de las Ciencias de la Salud

La producción científica estudiantil forma parte de los productos de la investigación formativa; sin embargo, su frecuencia es limitada. El objetivo del estudio fue recopilar las fuentes de información que describen la producción científica de estudiantes del pregrado, relacionados con los programas de las Ciencias de la Salud. Se diseñó un estudio del tipo revisión sistemática donde se utilizaron las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed y SciELO. La variable primaria incluyó la producción científica de los estudiantes de pregrado. Otras variables recolectadas fueron: programa de estudio, tipo de producción y características de los estudiantes. Se encontraron 16 artículos. La mayoría de los estudios (n = 9) se realizaron en el programa de Medicina Humana; cuatro en Odontología y tres en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, que involucra múltiples programas de las Ciencias de la Salud. De acuerdo con su diseño metodológico, 11 estudios fueron bibliométricos y cinco realizaron encuestas. Los estudios bibliométricos reportan baja producción científica de los estudiantes en las revistas indizadas en las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, entre otras. Algunas investigaciones indicaron que los estudiantes que pertenecían a una sociedad científica estudiantil presentaban más publicaciones científicas. La producción científica estudiantil reportada en los estudios es heterogénea con frecuencias del 2 al 12 %. La mayoría de estudios se han realizado en el programa de Medicina Humana y en Perú. Los principales tipos de artículos donde aparece un estudiante son los originales y el principal aporte del estudiante es el de ser coautor.

Student scientific production is part of the products of formative research; however, its frequency is limited. The objective of this study was to collect information sources describing the scientific production of undergraduate students, related to Health Sciences programs. A systematic review type study was designed using Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and SciELO databases. The primary variable included the scientific production of undergraduate students. Other variables collected were study program, type of production and characteristics of the students. Sixteen articles were found. The majority of the studies (n = 9) were conducted in Human Medicine program; four in Dentistry and three in the School of Medical Sciences, which involves multiple Health Sciences programs. According to its methodological design, eleven studies were bibliometric and five conducted surveys. Bibliometric studies report low scientific production of students in journals indexed in SciELO and PubMed databases, among others. Some research indicated that students who were part of a student scientific society had more scientific publications. The student scientific production reported in the studies is heterogeneous with frequencies of 2 to 12%. The majority of studies have been carried out in the Human Medicine program and in Peru. The main types of articles where a student appears are originals and the student's main contribution is being a co-author.