Efetividade de um programa multiprofissional de tratamento da obesidade durante a pandemia de COVID-19: aplicação do monitoramento remoto da enfermagem / Efectividad de un programa multidisciplinario de tratamiento de la obesidad durante la pandemia de COVID-19: aplicación de monitoreo remoto de enfermería / Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary obesity treatment program during the COVID-19 pandemic: application of remote nursing monitoring

Objetivo: Verificar a efetividade do monitoramento remoto da enfermagem associada a um programa multi-profissional de tratamento de obesidade na melhora dos biomarcadores cardiometabólicos e indicadores da aptidão física relacionada à saúde de adultos com obesidade acompanhados durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo caracterizado como um Ensaio Clínico Pragmático, realizado em um município do Sul do Brasil, com 22 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 50 anos, portadores de telefone celular com acesso ao aplicativo WhatsApp® durante 16 semanas. Foram realizadas avaliações pré e pós intervenção por meio de exames labo-ratoriais, capazes de determinar os biomarcadores cardiometabólicos: HDL, triglicerídeos, LDL, colesterol total, glicemia, hemoglobina glicada, insulina, Homa-IR, Homa-β, PCR-us; e de testes capazes de avaliar os níveis da aptidão física relacionada à saúde: composição corporal, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, força muscular e flexibili-dade. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do teste t para amostras pareadas e correlacionados a partir do valor de delta absoluto de cada variável por meio da correlação de Pearson. Os resultados foram considerados significantes quando o valor de p foi < 0,05. Este estudo possui parecer favorável do Comitê Nacional de Ética em Pesquisas. Resultados: Foram observadas melhoras significativas nos níveis de glicemia, insulina, Homa-IR e HDL, bem como nos indicadores de aptidão cardiorrespiratória e força muscular. Conclusão: O monitoramento remoto da enfermagem associado a um programa multiprofissional de tratamento de obesidade é uma inter-venção efetiva na melhoria dos biomarcadores cardiometabólicos e dos indicadores da AFRS.

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del monitoreo remoto de enfermería, en asociación con un programa multiprofesional de tratamiento de la obesidad, para mejorar los biomarcadores cardiometabólicos y los indicadores de aptitud física relacionados con la salud en adultos obesos durante la pandemia de COVID-19.Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un Ensayo Clínico Pragmático en un municipio del sur de Brasil, con la participación de 22 mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 50 años, que contaban con teléfonos móviles con acceso a la aplicación WhatsApp® durante un período de 16 semanas. Se realizaron evaluaciones pre y postintervención mediante exámenes de laboratorio, que permitieron determinar los biomarcadores cardiometabólicos: HDL, triglicéridos, LDL, colesterol total, glucemia, hemoglobina glucosilada, insulinemia, Homa-IR, Homa-β, hs-CRP; y pruebas para evaluar los niveles de aptitud física relacionados con la salud: composición corporal, aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, fuerza muscular y flexibilidad. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron utilizando la prueba t para muestras pareadas y se correlacionaron mediante la correlación de Pearson, a partir del valor delta absoluto de cada variable. Se consideraron resultados significativos cuando el valor de p fue < 0,05. Este estudio recibió la aprobación del Comité Nacional de Ética en Investigación.Resultados: Se observaron mejoras significativas en los niveles de glucosa en sangre, insulina, Homa-IR y HDL, así como en los indicadores de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y fuerza muscular.Conclusión: El monitoreo remoto de enfermería, en asociación con un programa multidisciplinario de tratamiento de la obesidad, resulta en una intervención eficaz para mejorar los biomarcadores cardiometabólicos y los indicadores de aptitud física relacionados con la salud.

Objective: To verify the effectiveness of remote nursing monitoring associated with a multi-professional obesity treatment program to improve cardiometabolic biomarkers and health-related physical fitness indicators in obese adults followed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was characterized as a Pragmatic Clinical Trial, carried out in a municipality in the south of Brazil. It involved 22 women aged between 18 and 50 years, who had cell phones with access to the WhatsApp® application for 16 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention evaluations were carried out through laboratory tests capable of determining cardiometabolic biomarkers: HDL, triglycerides, LDL, total cholesterol, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, insulinemia, Homa-IR, Homa-β, hs-CRP. As well as tests capable of assessing the levels of physical fitness related to health: body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and flexibility. The data obtained were analyzed using the t-test for paired samples and correlated from the absolute delta value of each variable using Pearson's correlation. Results were considered significant when the p value was <0.05. This study received a favorable opinion from the National Research Ethics Committee. Results: The study observed significant improvements in blood glucose, insulin, Homa-IR and HDL levels, as well as in indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Conclusion: Remote nursing monitoring associated with a multidisciplinary obesity treatment program is an effective intervention for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers and AFRS indicators.

EFFECT OF SELECTED YOGIC PRACTICES AND PHYSICAL EXERCISES ON CARDIO RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE

Cardio respiratory endurance is the ability to exercise the entire body for extended periods of time without undue fatigue. A strong heart is necessary to supply oxygenated blood to the muscles of the body effectively. For the purpose of the study a group of 80 healthy adults were divided in four equals groups. Experimental groups 'A', 'B', 'C' and control group 'D' of 20 subjects each were compared in this study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of certain yogic practices and physical exercise programme on cardiorespiratory endurance and to assess their effectiveness as measured by nine minute run -walk test(AAPHER Health related physical ?tness test,1980).The analysis of data revealed that the three experimental groups trained by Exercise, yogic practices and combined exercise and yogic practices, showed signi?cant improvement in performance of Cardiorespiratory endurance but the mean gain achieved by combined exercise and yogic practices groups was higher than the other groups.

Advantage analysis of the impact of physical activity management under medical supervision on the body components and healthy physical fitness in healthy adult population / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To analyze the advantages of the impact of physical activity management under medical supervision on body components and healthy physical fitness.Methods:A total of 106 healthy adults who participated in physical activity management activities in the Health Management Center of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from April 1 st 2020 to May 31 th 2021 were enrolled. The subjects were equally divided into a medical supervision group and a self-supervision group with random number table. Both groups performed a 8-week physical activity intervention, followed by the model of “a combination of online home physical activity with offline team exercise, and team exercise interaction with individual physical activity guidance”, while health education was provided and wearable devices were worn to collect exercise data. The medical supervision group completed the set number of exercises under the supervision of the team, with on-site exercise guidance. They were required to participate in weekly one-to-one on-site instruction. The self-management group carried out exercises and participated in weekly one-to-one instruction in accordance according to their own will with online feedback. During the study, 6 cases withdrew, and 52 cases in the supervision group and 48 in the self-management group were obtained. The t and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the body components and physical fitness of the two groups before and after intervention. Results:The amount of exercise in the supervision group was significantly higher than that in self-management group (1 359 vs 615), and there was no significant differences in exercise intensity (mean heart rate, maximum heart rate and exercise duration) between the two groups (all P>0.05). After the intervention, the body weight, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, subcutaneous fat area and strength fitness of the supervision group were significantly lower than those before the intervention [(55.36±6.37) vs (56.11±6.33) kg, (21.48±2.85) vs (21.73±2.47) kg/m 2, (27.38±5.34) % vs (28.53±4.99) %, (119.56±48.45) vs (128.70±50.10) cm 2, (24.48±6.37) vs (26.07±5.29) kg], while the cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility fitness and agility fitness were significantly higher [(33.57±5.06) vs (30.32±4.59) ml·kg -1·min -1, (14.71±7.51) vs (10.54±7.54) cm, (0.44±0.08) vs (0.48±0.05) s] (all P<0.05). After the intervention, the body weight, muscle mass and lean body mass in self-management group were all significantly higher than those before the intervention [(56.83±8.09) vs (56.45±8.22) kg, (38.28±3.19) vs (38.24±5.17) kg; (40.80±4.16) vs (40.32±4.95) kg], and agility fitness was significantly lower [(0.64±0.39) vs (0.49±0.05) s] (all P<0.05). It was also found that improvements regarding the following three indicators were more significant in the supervision group: visceral fat, balance and agility fitness (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Physical activity intervention under medical supervision can significantly improve the body components and physical fitness in healthy adults, as well as exercise compliance and validity.

Norm construction of health-related physical fitness measurment scale for urban elderly in China / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To establish the norms of health-related physical fitness measurement scale (HRPFMS) for urban elderly in China, and provide reference for assessing the level of health-related physical fitness of the elderly.Methods:Conducting a large-scale epidemiological investigation with a multistage stratified sampling method among 5 833 urban elderly residents sampled from 6 regions in China.IBM SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The mean, percentile and threshold norms were established based on the characteristics of HRPFMS scores for urban elderly in China.Results:The mean, percentile and threshold norms of total, organic function, motor function and physical adaptive capacity of urban elderly in China were established according to gender and different age groups (60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, and ≥80 years old). The mean norm of the total scores of male in different age groups were 64.25±12.65, 60.55±12.48, 58.13±13.59, 56.66±12.44 and 53.50±14.66, respectively, and the mean norm of the total scores of women in different age groups were 59.77±12.12, 57.67±12.50, 54.30±12.25, 50.47±13.39 and 41.72±13.11, respectively. According to the mean± SD and mean±0.5 SD of the converted scores, the threshold norms of HRPFMS were divided into 5 states, namely very low, low, moderate, high and very high states, and the values were [0, 43.47], (43.47, 50.23], (50.23, 63.75], (63.75, 70.51] and (70.51, 100], respectively. Conclusion:The norms of HRPFMS for urban elderly in China are well-represented. It can provide evaluation criteria for Chinese elderly health-related physical fitness level.

Effects of a physical activity support program based on bench-stepping exercise on physical fitness, mental health and health-related quality of life in Japanese returnees from China / 体力科学

This study aimed to examine the effects of an 8-week physical activity program, which mainly comprised home-based bench-stepping exercise training at the intensity of lactate threshold (LT), on mental health (MH), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and physical fitness in Japanese returnees from China. Thirty Japanese returnees (63 ± 9 y) participated in the exercise program. Another six subjects were enrolled as the control group. The subjects performed 212 ± 57 min of training, and their daily step counts were increased. Aerobic capacity (LT: 4.5 ± 0.8 vs. 5.5 ± 1.1 METs), lower limb strength (30-s chair stand test [CS-30]: 19.1 ± 5.5 vs. 21.3 ± 5.1 times), and sit-and-reach flexibility (sitting-posture body anteflexion: 36.1 ± 9.4 vs. 39.0 ± 8.4 cm) were significantly increased after the intervention compared with before the intervention. Furthermore, MH, as assessed by the total score of the GHQ-28 (3.4 ± 4.4 vs. 0.3 ± 0.8 points), and the mental component score (MCS) of HRQOL, as evaluated by the SF-36v2 (55.1 ± 11.4 vs. 58.5 ± 10.0), were significantly changed in a positive manner. However, a two-way repeated measures ANOVA (group × period) showed significant interactions for LT and MCS (p<0.05), and a tendency for interactions of CS-30 (p=0.063) and the total score of the GHQ-28 (p=0.098). These results indicate that this bench-stepping exercise program could become a useful health support program for improving physical fitness, as well as MH and HRQOL, in Japanese returnees.

The Effects of Supervised Exercise Program on Health-Releated Physical Fitness in Kuwait.

Aims: Physical activity improves health in terms of cardiovascular fitness, musculoskeletal fitness, body composition, and metabolism. The study aims to examine the effects of supervised exercise training on metabolic profile and health-related physical fitness parameters in Kuwait. Study Design: A prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Fitness and Rehabilitation Center (Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait) between January 2012 and December 2013. Methodology: We included 90 participants (44 women), mean age 48.6 (±14.4) years with adherence exceeding 50%. Outcome measures health-related physical fitness (measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing) and other secondary outcome measures including anthropometric data, vital signs, and glycemic profile values. Results: Paired t-test was used to evaluate the effects of exercise training. Both diabetic and non-diabetic participants showed significant increase in peak oxygen consumption (3.0 ml∙min-1∙kg-1; 95% CI: 2.3 to 3.7; p <0.001). There was significant reduction in BMI (- 0.6 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.9 to -0.3; p<0.001), waist circumference (-2.2cm; 95% CI: -3.4 to - 1.0; p = 0.002) and body fat percentage (-0.9%; 95% CI: -1.4 to -0.3; p = 0.002). Theglycated hemoglobin significantly decreased (p=0.001). Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile improved but were not statistically significant. The exercise intervention reduced the systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP by a mean of 0.6 (95% CI: -3.2 to 1.9; p = 0.63) and 2.6 mmHg (95% CI: -4.9 to -0.3; p=0.03) respectively, with the latter being statistically significant. Significant changes were also noted in variables of total handgrip (4.2 kg; 95% CI: 1.4 to 7.0; p=0.04) and push-up (4.2 repetition; 95% CI: 1.9 to 6.4; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The 12-week supervised exercise intervention used seems to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, glycemic control, diastolic BP and anthropometric measurements. This improvement can indicate that exercise decrease cardiovascular events and mortality.

The Link between Health-related Physical Fitness Level and Cardiovascular Disease-related Risk Factors / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the link between health-related physical fitness level and cardiovascular disease-related risk factors in adult male workers. METHODS: We tested cardiovascular disease- related risk factors (waist circumference, SBP, DPB, fasting glucose, TC, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C) and health-related physical fitness (VO2max, grip, Sit-up, Flexibility, Body fat) and divided health-related physical fitness level of the subjects into 3 groups - A (very good, n=56), B (good, n=59), and C (below-average, n=57) according to the criterion of the Health and Fitness counseling guidelines of KOSHA. The statistical techniques such as standard deviation, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression (p<.05) were used. RESULTS: There were significant differences between group C and group B & A (p<.001) in waist circumference, DBP, Fasting glucose, HDL-C, TG, LDL-C. In TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, Group C was higher than group B and A. CONCLUSION: On the basis of these results, we identified that improvement of health-related physical fitness level positively effects on the decrease of cardiovascular disease-related risk factors.

REFERENCE INTERVAL OF MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE (VO₂max) AS ONE OF THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS IN JAPAN / 体力科学

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) is an important determinant of health-related physical fitness. In 2006, the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (JMHLW) officially declared a standard reference value and reference interval of VO₂max. However, these values were established on the basis of a systematic review of reports published in Western countries and were not based on actual VO₂max data of the Japanese population. Therefore, we conducted a study entitled “The study on a minimum zone of VO₂max as one of the determinants of health-related physical fitness in Japan” from 2004 to 2006 as a project of the Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (JSPFSM). In addition, we collected published VO₂max data of the Japanese population from the JSPEFM website. In the present study, we attempted to determine the reference interval of VO₂max with regard to age, gender, and different methods of exercise. Further, we established a cut-off value of VO₂max for determining metabolic syndrome (MS).1. Reference interval of VO₂maxFor both men and women, 325 and 364 values for the treadmill exercise, and 1175 and 2178 values for the cycle ergometer exercise, respectively, were collected. This data revealed a balanced distribution of VO₂max with regard to age. Data that satisfied the VO₂max criterion were used for the analysis. These data were regressed to age on gender and methods of exercise. The percentage of VO₂max was calculated using the following equation: %VO₂max = measured VO₂max × 100/age-estimated VO₂max. The iterative truncation method was used to calculate the reference interval of VO₂max (70%∼130% VO₂max) from the crude data of %VO₂max, and then converted to actual VO₂max. Thus, the reference interval of VO₂max for healthy Japanese was determined with regard to age, gender, and different methods of exercise.2. Cut-off value of VO₂max for determining MSUsing the VO₂max data of subjects with body mass index (BMI) of ≧25kg/m² and ≧2 MS risk factors, and the data of subjects with normal BMI without any risk factors, we calculated sensitivity and specificity. The cut-off value was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. This cut-off value was defined as the critical value of VO₂max that should be maintained to avoid MS and remain healthy.

Norm-referenced standard of health-related physical fitness of ROKAF pilots

BACKGROUND: The present study is undertaken to acquire normative data of health-related physical fitness(HRPF) of Republic of Korea Air Force(ROKAF) aircrews and to provide norm-referenced standard of HRPF. METHODS: From 15 May 1998 through 14 December 1999, 1284 KAF pilots are checked muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body fat percentage. RESULTS: The grip strength was relatively maintained, but flexibility, back strength, and muscular endurance were declined according to promotion and aging. And the incidence of obesity determined by bioelectrical impedence analysis was higher than that assessed on the basis of height and weight. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that many pilots who were normal in BMI have abdominal or visceral obesity. Further studies must be made on the health promotion program for the pilots, on the changes in physical fitness, and on the criterion-referenced standard of HRPF of the pilots.

Critical and desirable levels of health-related physical fitness (HRPF) in men-Established levels based on health examination and risk factors caused by lifestyle habits- / 体力科学

This study tried to establish both critical and desirable levels of health-related physical fitness (HRPF) including muscle strength (relative grip strength), flexibility and estimated VO<SUB>2</SUB>max. Subjects were 3102 males aged 20 to 59 years. Four batteries of health index score (HIS-A-D) were made based on health examinations and lifestyle habits. Subjects who had 0 to 1 points were defined as healthy individuals, and subjects who had more than 3 or 4 points were defined as unhealthy. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn by HRPF test in each battery of HIS. The HIS-B was selected as the most valid battery of HIS. Sensitivity, specificity and the Youden index were calculated using cut-off values which were mean values of each HRPF test measurement in each group who had 0, 1, 2, 3 and>4 points in HIS-B. The critical levels were defined the highest specificity and/or Youden index in each HRPF test. There were seen in groups having > 4 points. The desirable levels were defined as the HRPF test levels in healthy individuals who had 0 to 1 points in HIS-B. The critical and desirable levels of VO<SUB>2</SUB>max were 41.8 and 50.2 at 20y, 40.9 and 46.2 at 30y, 40.0 and 46.2 at 40y, and 37.8 and 45.5 ml/kg/min at 50y, respectively. The levels of other HRPF test were also calculated in the present study. Exercise guidance after health check-ups should be done to attain desirable levels rather than to just maintain critical levels of HRPF.