Research progress of prebiotics in drug delivery system / 药学学报

With the in-depth study on the gut microflora, the impact of intestinal bacteria on human health has attracted more and more attention. It has become a research hotspot in life science and medicine, and is considered as an important target of disease control. Prebiotics can regulate the composition and function of intestinal flora and then improve host health. Carbohydrate is the most basic prebiotic. Its unique physiochemical characteristics and gut microbiota-regulating ability make it a promising ingredient for achieving drug target delivery and intestinal health promotion. In this paper, different kinds of prebiotics and their regulation mechanism of intestinal bacteria were illuminated. Moreover, the research progress of carbohydrate prebiotics in drug delivery system was elucidated, and its application prospect is prospected, so as to provide reference for related research.

Salubridad y enfermedad en las minas de oro de Marmato en el siglo XIX: entre la epidemia de viruela y la guerra de los mil días / Healthiness and disease in Marmato gold mines during the 19th century: Between the smallpox plague and the War of a Thousand Days

Resumen | La minería ha tenido una gran influencia en las sociedades humanas, permeando por igual las riquezas del suelo y la cultura, lo que ha tenido profundas implicaciones para los individuos dedicados a esta labor y para los lugares en los que se lleva a cabo. En el presente artículo, se describen las características socioculturales y de sanidad, así como las enfermedades más frecuentes en las minas de oro de Marmato (Caldas) durante el siglo XIX. Las precarias condiciones de salubridad y las enfermedades tropicales infecciosas persistieron en la población durante todo el siglo.

Abstract | Mining has had a great influence on human societies permeating the riches of the soil and culture in equal proportion. This has led to profound changes in the individuals dedicated to this work and the locations where it takes place. In this historical review, we describe the socio-cultural and health characteristics, as well as the diseases associated with gold mining in Marmato (Caldas) during the 19th century. Poor salubrity conditions and tropical and infectious diseases were constant during the whole century.

The influence of black spot disease on the relative condition factor of Astyanax paranae Eigenmann, 1914 (Characiformes: Characidae) in Brazilian subtropical streams

Environmental disturbances and their consequences require constant studies to understand how communities and their ecological relationships respond to these processes. Through analysis of the host-parasite relationships, it is observed that the effect of these disturbances is variable and can change the physiology or behavior of organisms. Black spot disease, caused by endoparasitic helminths, is a pathology observed in natural environments, however, there is not much information about the consequences of this infestation. We separated the specimens from each stream into parasitized and non-parasitized groups, which were subjected to biometric analysis. The biometrics involved cysts count and weight-length measures, which were used to analyze the average relative condition factor. Additionally, we correlate these measures with the parasitic burden of infected individuals. Finally, the parasitized individuals were submitted to histological sections to recognize the parasite. The results demonstrate a low physiological condition in the parasitized group, when compared with non-parasitized groups from the same stream and from different streams. This suggests that pollution, in addition to effects of infestation worsen the fish condition. Besides, the parasite burden was negatively correlated with the condition factor, weight and length measures. We conclude that the parasite burden negatively affects Astyanax paranae individuals´ physiological condition and that trematodes also occur in polluted environments.

Yellow sweet potato flour: use in sweet bread processing to increase carotene content and improve quality

ABSTRACT Yellow sweet potato is mostly produced by small farmers, and may be a source of energy and carotenoids in the human diet, but it is a highly perishable crop. To increase its industrial application, yellow sweet potato flour has been produced for use in bakery products. This study aimed to evaluate the technological quality and the carotenoids content in sweet breads produced with the replacement of wheat flour by 0, 3, 6, and 9% yellow sweet potato flour. Breads were characterized by technological parameters and β-carotene levels during nine days of storage. Tukey's test (p<0.05) was used for comparison between means. The increase in yellow sweet potato flour concentrations in bread led to a decrease of specific volume and firmness, and an increase in water activity, moisture, orange coloring, and carotenoids. During storage, the most significant changes were observed after the fifth day, with a decrease in intensity of the orange color. The β-carotene content was 0.1656 to 0.4715 µg/g in breads with yellow sweet potato flour. This work showed a novel use of yellow sweet potato in breads, which brings benefits to consumers' health and for the agricultural business.

Formação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde na cidade de São Paulo: ação civilizatória na construção de Ambientes Verdes e Saudáveis / Training of Community Health Workers in São Paulo: civilizing action in the construction of Green and Healthy Environments

RESUMO Procura-se analisar a atuação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde no Projeto Ambientes Verdes e Saudáveis quanto à construção de políticas públicas integradas na cidade de São Paulo, uma articulação entre as Secretarias do Verde e do Meio Ambiente, da Saúde, da Assistência e Desenvolvimento Social, e da Educação. Busca-se articular a integração das políticas públicas para a inclusão das questões ambientais nas ações de promoção da saúde desenvolvidas nos territórios nas 31 subprefeituras, das cinco regionais de saúde. Evidencia-se que o trabalho dos seis mil Agentes vem contribuindo com novas práticas efetivas, de criação de oportunidades para a incorporação e abordagem de questões ambientais nas ações de promoção da saúde.

ABSTRACT The work of the Community Health Agents in the Project Green and Healthiness environments: building integrated publie politics in São Paulo. Proposal from a joint within the Green and the Environment, Health, Assistance and Social Development and Education Departments. The objective is integrate of the publie politics towards the inclusion of environmental issues of the actions to the advancement in health developed in the area of 31 subcities halls, in five regional of health in the district. The work of 6000 Agents have been contributing with new effective know-how, developing opportunities to the incorporation and the boarding of environment issues of health advancement.

Formação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde na cidade de São Paulo: ação civilizatória na construção de Ambientes Verdes e Saudáveis / Training of Community Health Workers in São Paulo: civilizing action in the construction of Green and Healthy Environments

RESUMO Procura-se analisar a atuação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde no Projeto Ambientes Verdes e Saudáveis quanto à construção de políticas públicas integradas na cidade de São Paulo, uma articulação entre as Secretarias do Verde e do Meio Ambiente, da Saúde, da Assistência e Desenvolvimento Social, e da Educação. Busca-se articular a integração das políticas públicas para a inclusão das questões ambientais nas ações de promoção da saúde desenvolvidas nos territórios nas 31 subprefeituras, das cinco regionais de saúde. Evidencia-se que o trabalho dos seis mil Agentes vem contribuindo com novas práticas efetivas, de criação de oportunidades para a incorporação e abordagem de questões ambientais nas ações de promoção da saúde.

ABSTRACT The work of the Community Health Agents in the Project Green and Healthiness environments: building integrated publie politics in São Paulo. Proposal from a joint within the Green and the Environment, Health, Assistance and Social Development and Education Departments. The objective is integrate of the publie politics towards the inclusion of environmental issues of the actions to the advancement in health developed in the area of 31 subcities halls, in five regional of health in the district. The work of 6000 Agents have been contributing with new effective know-how, developing opportunities to the incorporation and the boarding of environment issues of health advancement.