Contribuições dos grupos operativos da atenção básica a partir da visão dos usuários / Aportes de los grupos operativos de atención primaria desde la visión de los usuarios / Contributions of primary care operating groups from user perception

Os grupos em saúde nascem para fomentar práticas coletivas de saúde, tendo se expandido para a atenção básica, encontrando ressonância na promoção da saúde e da qualidade de vida. Baseados nas teorias de Pichon-Rivière e de Yalom e Leszcz, esses grupos são capazes de contribuir para mudanças significativas na qualidade de vida de seus usuários participantes. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições dos grupos operativos da atenção primária à saúde a partir da visão de seus usuários e compreender a operacionalização desses grupos. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva e analítica de caráter qualitativo, realizada em quatro grupos operativos em saúde da atenção básica de um município do Rio Grande do Norte, no interior do semiárido nordeste brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados por questionário socioeconômico e grupos focais entre março e agosto de 2023, sendo utilizada estatística descritiva para os questionários e análise temática de conteúdo para os grupos focais. Os questionários revelaram um predomínio de participantes do sexo feminino, com faixa etária acima dos 60 anos e situação socioeconômica de baixa renda. A análise de conteúdo demonstrou a efetividade dos grupos em produzir vetores grupais e fatores terapêuticos, além de seu potencial, como campo para a educação popular em saúde, em fomentar as redes sociais, o apoio, o acolhimento e o bem-estar biopsicossocial. Os grupos em saúde são estratégias eficazes na promoção da saúde e na qualidade de vida. Entretanto, ressalta-se a necessidade de pesquisas que avaliem a eficácia global dos grupos nos processos de morbimortalidade.

Health care groups were created to promote collective health practices and were expanded into Primary Care, helping to promote health and quality of life. Based on the theories of Pichon-Rivière and Yalom and Lezscz, these groups can contribute to significant changes in the quality of life of their participating users. Thus, this article analyzes the contributions of Primary Health Care operating groups from users' perspective and understands their operationalization. A descriptive analytical qualitative research was conducted with four health operating groups in Primary Care from a municipality in Rio Grande do Norte, in the semi-arid northeastern Brazil. Data were collected by means of a socioeconomic questionnaire and focus groups between March and August 2023, and investigated using descriptive statistics (questionnaires) and thematic content analysis (focus groups). The questionnaires revealed a predominance of female participants over 60 years old and with low-income socioeconomic status. Content analysis showed the groups' effectiveness in producing group vectors and therapeutic factors, as well as their potential as a field for popular health education in fostering social networks, support, user embracement, and biopsychosocial well-being. Health groups are effective strategies for promoting health and quality of life, future research should evaluate their global effectiveness in morbidity and mortality.

Los grupos de salud se crearon para promover prácticas de salud colectiva y se expandieron a la atención primaria, repercutiendo en la promoción de la salud y la calidad de vida. Basados en las teorías de Pichon-Rivière y Yalom y Lezscz, los grupos son capaces de contribuir a cambios significativos en la calidad de vida de sus usuarios participantes. Este artículo tuvo por objetivo analizar las contribuciones de los grupos operativos de atención primaria de la salud desde la perspectiva de sus usuarios, así como comprender la operacionalización de estos grupos. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y analítica, realizada en cuatro grupos operativos de salud en atención primaria de un municipio de Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil), en el interior de la región semiárida del Nordeste de Brasil. Los datos se recogieron de un cuestionario socioeconómico y de grupos focales en el período entre marzo y agosto de 2023, utilizando estadística descriptiva para los cuestionarios y análisis de contenido temático para los grupos focales. Los cuestionarios revelaron un predominio de los participantes del sexo femenino, mayores de 60 años y con nivel socioeconómico de bajos ingresos. El análisis de contenido demostró la eficacia de los grupos en la producción de vectores grupales y factores terapéuticos, además de su potencial como campo de educación popular en salud para fomentar redes sociales, apoyo, acogida y bienestar biopsicosocial. Los grupos de salud son estrategias efectivas para promover la salud y la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, se destaca la necesidad de investigaciones que evalúen la efectividad global de los grupos en los procesos de morbimortalidad.

The influence of specialized nurses′ assistance mode on the maintenance ability of PICC catheter in nursing hospital from the perspective of combination of medical care and nursing care / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of nursing specialist nurses′ assistance on the ability of nursing home nurses to maintain venous catheter under the vision of combination of medical care and nursing care, providing reference for carrying out specialized nursing assistance work in grassroots hospitals.Methods:This study was an experimental study. According to Miller′s pyramid theory, a model of specialist nurse assistance was established with specialized technology as the core. From January to December 2021, three nursing hospitals in Suzhou were assisted. Convenience sampling method was used to investigate the ability of intravenous catheter maintenance, the incidence of central venous catheter maintenance defects, the incidence of central venous catheter complications and unplanned extubation, and the satisfaction of doctors and patients before and after help.Results:Totally 86 nurses were included, aged (33.17 ± 2.31) years old. After the help, the theoretical and operational skill scores of nurses in the nursing home were (89.77 ± 2.11) and (92.75 ± 1.62) points, respectively, which were significantly higher than those before the help (60.84 ± 2.71) and (79.81 ± 1.68) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-84.96, -52.12, both P<0.05). Among the maintenance defects of central venous catheter in nursing homes, incomplete labeling, film wrapping, blood seepage, catheter discounting, non-standard film fixing, and incomplete information of extended care were 9.95% (21/211), 8.53% (18/211), 2.84% (6/211), 6.16% (13/211), 4.74% (10/211), 2.37% (5/211) after help, all lower than 50.57% (89/176), 43.18% (76/176), 14.20% (25/176), 25.57% (45/176), 18.18% (32/176), 11.93% (21/176) before help. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 14.00 to 77.81, all P<0.05). The incidence of medical adhesive related skin injury, catheter obstruction complications and unplanned extubation were 4.44% (4/90), 3.33% (3/90) and 2.22% (2/90), respectively, which were lower than 20.51% (16/78), 15.38% (12/78) and 11.54% (9/78) before help. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2=8.81, 6.06, 4.50, all P<0.05). Doctors′ satisfaction with nurses and patients′ satisfaction with nursing work were 96.43%(27/28) and 93.75%(45/48), respectively, both higher than 71.43%(20/28) and 72.73%(32/44) before help, and the differences were statistically significant respectively ( χ2=4.77, 5.97, both P<0.05). Conclusions:From the perspective of combination of medical care and nursing care, the maintenance and assistance of intravenous catheters by the team of intravenous therapy nurses in nursing hospitals can effectively reduce the incidence of central venous catheter complications and unplanned extubation, improve the maintenance ability of intravenous catheters of nurses in nursing hospitals, and help to improve the quality of nursing care in nursing hospitals.

Assisted technology in Parkinson's disease gait: what's up? / Tecnologia assistida na marcha da doença de Parkinson: o que há de novo?

Abstract Background Gait disturbances are prevalent and debilitating symptoms, diminishing mobility and quality of life for Parkinson's disease (PD) individuals. While traditional treatments offer partial relief, there is a growing interest in alternative interventions to address this challenge. Recently, a remarkable surge in assisted technology (AT) development was witnessed to aid individuals with PD. Objective To explore the burgeoning landscape of AT interventions tailored to alleviate PD-related gait impairments and describe current research related to such aim. Methods In this review, we searched on PubMed for papers published in English (2018-2023). Additionally, the abstract of each study was read to ensure inclusion. Four researchers searched independently, including studies according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results We included studies that met all inclusion criteria. We identified key trends in assistive technology of gait parameters analysis in PD. These encompass wearable sensors, gait analysis, real-time feedback and cueing techniques, virtual reality, and robotics. Conclusion This review provides a resource for guiding future research, informing clinical decisions, and fostering collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and policymakers. By delineating this rapidly evolving field's contours, it aims to inspire further innovation, ultimately improving the lives of PD patients through more effective and personalized interventions.

Resumo Antecedentes Os distúrbios da marcha são sintomas prevalentes e debilitantes, diminuindo muito a mobilidade e a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP). Embora os tratamentos tradicionais ofereçam alívio parcial, há um interesse crescente em intervenções alternativas para enfrentar esse desafio. Recentemente, um aumento notável no desenvolvimento de tecnologia assistida (TA) foi testemunhado para ajudar indivíduos com DP. Objetivo Explorar o cenário crescente de intervenções de TA adaptadas para aliviar deficiências de marcha relacionadas à DP e descrever as pesquisas atuais para esse fim. Métodos Nessa revisão, pesquisamos artigos em inglês publicados no PubMed de 2018 a 2023. Além disso, os resumos de cada trabalho foram lidos para assegurar a sua inclusão. Quatro pesquisadores buscaram independentemente os artigos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados Incluímos trabalhos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Identificamos as tendências em tecnologia assistiva na análise dos parâmetros da marcha em DP. Esses compreendem os sensores portáteis, análise da marcha, retroalimentação em tempo real e técnicas de pista, realidade virtual e robótica. Conclusão Essa revisão é um recurso para orientar pesquisas futuras, informar decisões clínicas e promover a colaboração entre pesquisadores, médicos e formuladores de políticas. Ao delinear os contornos deste campo em rápida evolução, pretende inspirar mais inovação, melhorando em última análise a vida dos pacientes com DP através de intervenções mais eficazes e personalizadas.

Estratégias de autoajuda para pacientes em cuidados paliativos e seus familiares: revisão integrativa

Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias disponíveis na literatura internacional que forneça métodos de autoajuda para pacientes em cuidados paliativos e seus familiares. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada entre abril e maio de 2022, utilizando as bases de dados e bibliotecas online Medline, Scielo, Scopus, CINAHL e Web of Science. Os estudos foram selecionados de forma rigorosa, através da utilização de diferentes combinações dos MESH's e palavras chaves self-help, groups, palliative care, medicine in literature, literature, health, disease com o operador booleano AND. Foi utilizado um aplicativo online de gerenciamento de revisões, Rayyan - Intelligent Systematic Review, sendo realizada a dupla verificação cega. Na busca primária foram encontrados 3259 estudos, após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão 16 artigos compuseram o corpus de análise que usou como forma de apreciação a metodologia descritiva. Resultados: Obteve-se como principais achados a utilização de grupos de autoajuda como uma importante estratégia para auxiliar pacientes e familiares em situações desafiadoras que cernem o final de vida, outras estratégias foram vislumbradas como o uso de cartilhas, espaços e programas, que tendem a auxiliar nos momentos em que é necessário a comunicação de más notícias ou passar por situações de perda antecipatória e luto. Houve a predominância de estudos de abordagem qualitativa, e em maioria realizados na Suécia. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que a estratégia dominante foi os grupos de autoajuda, que demonstraram ser um espaço de troca de conhecimento e experiências pessoais, entre os indivíduos participantes.

Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias disponibles en la literatura internacional que brindan métodos de autoayuda para pacientes de cuidados paliativos y sus familias. Método: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integrativa, realizada entre abril y mayo de 2022, utilizando las bases de datos y bibliotecas en línea Medline, Scielo, Scopus, CINAHL y Web of Science. Los estudios fueron seleccionados rigurosamente, utilizando diferentes combinaciones de MESH y las palabras clave autoayuda, grupos, cuidados paliativos, medicina en la literatura, literatura, salud, enfermedad, con el operador booleano AND. Se utilizó una aplicación en línea de gestión de revisiones. Rayyan - Intelligent Systematic Review, con verificación doble ciego. En la búsqueda primaria se encontraron 3259 estudios; tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión 16 artículos compusieron el corpus de análisis. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos fueron el uso de grupos de autoayuda como estrategia importante para asistir a pacientes y familiares en situaciones desafiantes al final de la vida. Se vislumbraron otras estrategias como el uso de cartillas, espacios y programas, que tienden a asistir en momentos en que es necesario comunicar malas noticias o atravesar situaciones de pérdida anticipada y duelo. Hubo un predominio de estudios con enfoque cualitativo, y la mayoría de ellos realizados en Suecia. Conclusión: Se evidenció que la estrategia dominante fueron los grupos de autoayuda, que demostraron ser un espacio para el intercambio de información conocimientos y experiencias personales entre las personas participantes.

Objective: To identify the strategies available in the international literature that provide self-help methods for palliative care patients and their family members. Method: This is an integrative literature review conducted between April and May 2022 in the following online databases and libraries: Medline, Scielo, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science. The studies were selected rigorously using different combinations of MESH terms and keywords self-help, groups, palliative care, medicine in literature, literature, health, disease; with the AND Boolean operator. An online review management app was used, Rayyan - Intelligent Systematic Review, performing a double-blind check. A total of 3,250 studies were found in the primary search; after applying the exclusion criteria, 16 articles comprised the analysis corpus. Results: Conclusion:

Criação e desenvolvimento de grupos de apoio para o autocuidado em hanseníase em um estado do Nordeste brasileiro / Creation and development of support groups for leprosy self-care in a state in the northeast of Brazil

Resumo Objetivo Compreender a criação e desenvolvimento de grupos de apoio para o autocuidado em hanseníase em um estado do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos Estudo qualitativo realizado em três grupos no Nordeste do Brasil, entre fevereiro e dezembro de 2019. A coleta de dados englobou entrevistas, observação participante e análise documental. Os dados foram analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo a partir dos temas preestabelecidos: implantação, organização e continuidade dos grupos. Resultados A implantação dos grupos apresentou como motivos comuns a necessidade de ampliação dos cuidados, e de otimização do tempo de trabalho. O estigma e questões da organização dos serviços foram obstáculos para a implantação. O fator mais relevante para a continuidade dos grupos foi o envolvimento dos coordenadores nas atividades. O apoio de atores externos como ONG e universidades foram relevantes para a implantação e continuidade. Considerações finais As similaridades e diferenças dos grupos relacionam-se aos participantes, à indução e apoio da política de saúde e às interferências de atores externos. Grupos de apoio para o autocuidado em hanseníase são espaços que potencializam a prática de cuidado. O estudo contribui com a implantação ou reorganização de grupos de apoio ao autocuidado.

Abstract Objective To understand the creation and development of support groups for leprosy in a state in the northeast of Brazil. Methods Qualitative study conducted with three groups in northeast Brazil, from February to December 2019. Data collection included interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Data were analyzed using the content analysis technique, considering preestablished topics: implementation, organization, and continuity of the groups. Results The most common reasons presented by the groups for the implementation were the needs to expand care and optimize working time. The stigma and service organization issues were obstacles to implementation. The most relevant factor for the continuity of groups was the involvement of the coordinators in the activities. Support from external actors, such NGOs and universities, was relevant to implementation and continuity. Final considerations Similarities and differences among groups are related to participants, actions to foster the groups, health policy support, and interference from external actors. Support groups for leprosy self-care are spaces that strengthen the practice of care. This study contributed to implement or reorganize self-care support groups.

Beneficios de pertenecer a un grupo de apoyo de cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple: un estudio cualitativo / Benefits of being part of a support group for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities: a qualitative study

RESUMEN Objetivo. Explorar la percepción de los beneficios de participar en un grupo de apoyo de cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo, enfoque etnográfico focalizado, realizado de octubre del 2022 a febrero del 2023, muestreo por conveniencia, participaron 20 cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple. La información se recolectó mediante observación participante, grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se realizó análisis temático aplicando las propuestas por Braun y Clark. Resultados. Los temas emergentes fueron: red de apoyo social: integrarse, informarse y ayudarse mutuamente; espacio de aprendizaje: se aprende a cuidar y a cuidarse; promueve el empoderamiento: identificar y enfrentar barreras de acceso. Conclusiones. El grupo de apoyo funciona como una red de apoyo social, proporciona información, reduce la incertidumbre, facilita el afrontamiento y la resiliencia tras el nacimiento y crianza de un hijo con discapacidad múltiple. Espacio donde se aprende a cuidar y a cuidarse a sí mismo y donde se promueve el empoderamiento para la defensa de los derechos de los niños con discapacidad.

ABSTRACT Objective . To explore the perceived benefits of participating in a support group of caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. Materials and methods. A qualitative study with a focused ethnographic approach was conducted from October 2022 to February 2023, in which we applied convenience sampling. We included 20 caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. Information was collected through participant observation, focus groups, and semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed by applying Braun and Clark's proposals. Results. The emerging themes were: social support network: integrating, informing, and helping each other; learning space: learning to take care and to take care of oneself; promoting empowerment: identifying and facing access barriers. Conclusions. We found that the support group functions as a social support network provides information, reduces uncertainty, and facilitates coping and resilience after the birth and upbringing of a child with multiple disabilities. It is a space where one learns to care for and take care of oneself and where empowerment for the defense of the rights of children with disabilities is promoted.

Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de prosocialidad de Caprara et al. (2005) en Colombia

Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de prosocialidad de Caprara et al. (2005) en Colombia, tomando como referencia su adaptación con estudiantes chilenos (Mieres-Chacaltana et al., 2020), dada la reciente relevancia investigativa que ha tenido el comportamiento prosocial en los escenarios educativos y sociales y la ausencia de un instrumento que evalúe este constructo en adolescentes colombianos. Método: Se realizó un análisis de confiabilidad, análisis factorial exploratorio y análisis factorial confirmatorio. Participaron 501 estudiantes universitarios de dos Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) ubicadas en los departamentos de Magdalena y Tolima con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 18 años (M=17,12 años, DE=0,766), que voluntariamente decidieron vincularse a esta investigación. Resultados: La validez de constructo se estableció mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio y ajuste del modelo con límites estándares de aceptación: RMSEA=0,070, CFI = 0,923 y TLI = 0,905. El análisis de consistencia de fiabilidad evidenció un índice adecuado de fiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach (α=0,880). Conclusiones: Este instrumento presenta propiedades psicométricas que lo constituyen en una adecuada herramienta para evaluar la prosocialidad en adolescentes colombianos. Su relevancia radica en que permite el empleo de una escala normalizada para Colombia con el fin de medir la prevalencia de comportamientos prosociales reportados por esta población y se une a otras validaciones para poblaciones latinoamericanas ampliando las posibilidades de estudiar este constructo en relación con otras variables propias de la región.

Objective: The present study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the prosociality scale of Caprara et al. (2005) in Colombia, taking as a reference its adaptation with Chilean students (Mieres-Chacaltana et al., 2020), given the recent research relevance that prosocial behavior has had in educational and social settings and the absence of an instrument that evaluates this construct in Colombian adolescents. Method: A reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. 501 university students from two Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) located in the departments of Magdalena and Tolima with ages between 15 and 18 years old (M=17,12 years, SD=0,766) participated, who voluntarily decided to join this research. Results: Construct validity was established through confirmatory factor analysis and model adjustment with standard acceptance limits: RMSEA=0,070, CFI=0,923, and TLI=0,905. The reliability consistency analysis showed an adequate Cronbach's Alpha reliability index (α=0,880). Conclusions: This instrument presents psychometric properties that make it an adequate tool to assess prosociality in Colombian adolescents. Its relevance lies in the fact that it makes it possible to measure the prevalence of prosocial behaviors reported by this population and broadens the possibilities of studying this construct in relation to other variables.

Associação entre desempenho funcional de crianças com paralisia cerebral e tempo de espera pela provisão de órteses em serviço de reabilitação / Association between functional performance of children with cerebral palsy and waiting time for the splint provision in rehabilitation services

Crianças com paralisia cerebral usualmente necessitam de órtese no polegar para função manual. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre tempo de espera para recebimento de órtese para polegar, habilidade manual e dificuldade de desempenho em atividades cotidianas de crianças com paralisia cerebral. Método: Estudo de métodos mistos, com uma coorte retrospectiva e avaliação transversal de crianças com paralisia cerebral e indicação de confecção de órtese para polegar. Foram coletadas informações socioeconômicas, mensuração das dificuldades para realizar atividades do cotidiano, função manual pelo Sistema de Classificação da Habilidade Manual (MACS) e tempo de espera pela órtese. Análises descritivas, coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e Teste Kruskal Wallis foram realizadas no software IBM SPSS®. Resultados: 17 crianças e seus pais/responsáveis foram avaliados, sendo a maioria menino (76,5%), com paralisia cerebral do tipo hemiparética (52,9%). O tempo médio de espera pela órtese foi 34,12 dias (DP= 39,01). Crianças com comprometimento motor mais severo (p= 0,038) e pior habilidade manual (p= 0,012) receberam órtese em menor tempo de espera. Não houve diferença estatística entre tempo de espera pela órtese e dificuldade para desempenhar atividades cotidianas. Conclusão: A correlação entre habilidade manual e tempo de espera reforça a importância da avaliação funcional para priorizar concessão de um dispositivo de Tecnologia Assistiva em um serviço público de reabilitação, direcionando o cuidado às necessidades mais específicas das crianças.

Children with cerebral palsy usually need orthoses in their thumbs for manual functions. Objective: Analyzing the association between the waiting time for receiving a thumb orthosis, the manual ability, and the difficulty in performing daily tasks of children with cerebral palsy. Method: Mixed-methods study, with a retrospective cohort and cross-sectional evaluation of children with cerebral palsy and the indication and confection of thumb orthoses. Data collection included socioeconomic information, waiting time for the orthoses, and assessments of the difficulty to carry out daily activities and of manual functioning according to the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS). Descriptive analysis, Spearman's coefficient and the Kruskal-Wallis test were calculated in the IBM software SPSS®. Results: 17 children and their parents/guardians were evaluated. Most were male (76.5%) with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (52.9%). Their mean time waiting for the orthosis was 34.12 days (SD= 39.01). Children with a more severe motor impairment (p= 0.038) or worse manual abilities (p= 0.012) waited to receive the orthosis for a shorter period. There was no statistical difference between the waiting time for the orthosis and the difficulty to perform daily tasks. Conclusion: The correlation between manual ability and the waiting time reiterates the importance of functional evaluations to prioritize the concession of Assistive Technology devices in public rehabilitation services, focusing the care on the more specific needs of each child.

Barreras y facilitadores para la búsqueda de ayuda profesional en salud mental, desde la perspectiva de adolescentes con depresión / Barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking, from the perspective of adolescents with depression

La prevalencia de depresión en adolescentes es aproximadamente 7% en Chile. Sólo entre 18% y 34% de jóvenes con depresión accede a ayuda profesional. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar barreras y facilitadores para la búsqueda de ayuda profesional en salud mental, desde la perspectiva de adolescentes entre 15 y 17 años con depresión en Santiago de Chile. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo exploratorio y descriptivo desde el enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizaron diez entrevistas semi estructuradas a adolescentes, que fueron analizadas con teoría fundamentada. Resultados: Las principales barreras fueron estigma, minimización de síntomas y preocupación por confidencialidad. Los principales facilitadores fueron contar con red de apoyo, reconocimiento de síntomas e intervenciones escolares que favorecen la detección de síntomas. Conclusiones: Se debe trabajar de manera conjunta con adolescentes, sus familias, pares y sistema escolar brindando información sobre la depresión y su tratamiento.

The prevalence of depression in adolescents is approximately 7% in Chile. Only between 18% and 34% of young people with depression access professional help. Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the barriers and facilitators for seeking professional help in mental health, from the perspective of adolescents between 15 and 17 years of age with depression in Santiago, Chile. Methodology: An exploratory and descriptive qualitative study was carried out from the phenomenological approach. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents and analyzed with grounded theory. Results: The main barriers were stigma, minimization of symptoms, and concerns about confidentiality. The main facilitators were having a support network, symptom recognition, and school interventions that favor symptom detection. Conclusions: Joint work should be done with adolescents, their families, peers, and school system providing information about depression and its treatment.

Gerenciamento de urgências endodônticas: conhecimentos de acadêmicos de odontologia / Management of endodontic emergencies: knowledge of dental students

Objetivo: avaliar do conhecimento dos alunos de odontologia sobre os protocolos de atendimento para as urgências endodônticas. Método: 182 alunos dos últimos anos do curso de Odontologia do Centro Universitário Doutor Leão Sampaio, responderam a um questionário contendo perguntas referente ao protocolo adotado em casos de urgência de origem endodôntica. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson (p<0,05). Resultados: foram observadas diferenças entre a conduta relata pelos alunos do quarto e quinto ano de graduação quanto a indicação da incisão para drenagem em abscesso periapical agudo submucoso (evoluído), indicação de antibióticos nos casos de flare-up e indicação de antibióticos na dor com edema póstratamento endodôntico. A prescrição de antibióticos foi excessiva para os casos de dor entre consultas (flareup) e dor no pós-operatória. Para as patologias da polpa, a maioria dos alunos indicou protocolos de urgência recomendados na literatura. Conclusão: os resultados indicam a necessidade de melhoria dos programas de treinamento dos alunos em urgências endodônticas, principalmente quanto aos protocolos farmacológicos. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge of dentistry students about care protocols for endodontic emergencies. Method: 182 students from the last years of the Dentistry course at Doctor Leão Sampaio University Center answered a questionnaire containing questions regarding the protocol adopted in urgent cases of endodontic origin. Data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: differences were observed between the conduct reported by fourth- and fifth-year undergraduate students regarding the indication of incision for drainage in submucosal acute periapical abscess (evolved), indication of antibiotics in cases of flare-up and indication of antibiotics in pain with edema after endodontic treatment. The prescription of antibiotics was excessive for cases of pain between appointments (flare-up) and postoperative pain. For pulp pathologies, most students indicated emergency protocols recommended in the literature. Conclusion: the results indicate the need to improve student training programs in endodontic emergencies, especially regarding pharmacological protocols. (AU)

Grupo de apoio diante das necessidades da família do dependente químico / Support group for the needs of the chemical dependent's family

Objetivou-se identificar as necessidades dos participantes de um Grupo de Apoio à Família no tocante à convivência com o familiar dependente químico. Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido com seis familiares que frequentam o Grupo de Apoio à Família em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para usuários de Álcool e outras Drogas, em uma cidade do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em junho de 2020, mediante entrevista semiestruturada; e, posteriormente, foram analisados por meio de análise temática de conteúdo. Após a observação, emergiram três categorias: Necessidades dos familiares em relação às perspectivas do Grupo de Apoio à Família; Vivência dos familiares em relação ao suporte do Grupo de Apoio à Família e Aspectos a serem reconsiderados no Grupo de Apoio à Família. Nesse contexto, o estudo possibilitou reflexões sobre a elaboração de estratégias mais efetivas a fim de proporcionar um processo terapêutico mais eficaz e resultados mais positivos.

The objective was to identify the needs of participants of a Family Support Group regarding coexistence with the family member who is chemically dependent. This was a qualitative study, developed with six family members who attend the Family Support Group in a Psychosocial Care Center for users of Alcohol and other Drugs in a city in southern Brazil. The data were collected in June 2020 in a semi-structured interview and subsequently analyzed through thematic content analysis. After observation, three categories emerged: Needs of family members in relation to the perspectives of the Family Support Group; Experience of family members in relation to the support of the Family Support Group; and Aspects to be reconsidered in the Family Support Group. In this context, the study enabled reflections on the development of more effective strategies in order to provide a more effective therapeutic process and more positive results.

Problemas de salud mental en universitarios durante la pandemia por COVID-19: ¿qué tipo de ayuda buscan? / Mental health problems in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: What kind of help do they seek?

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto negativo en el bienestar psicológico de la población, siendo los jóvenes un grupo especialmente vulnerable. Objetivo: El presente estudio se propuso examinar los niveles de búsqueda de ayuda (formal e informal) para problemas en salud mental y sus variables asociadas en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de la Región de La Araucanía, en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Método: A través de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se reclutó a 500 estudiantes de entre 18 y 29 años. Se describió y comparó su nivel de búsqueda de ayuda, así como variables que podrían obstaculizarla o facilitarla, según género. Adicionalmente, se estimaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple diferenciados por género, con la búsqueda de ayuda informal como variable criterio. Resultados: Se evidenció una renuencia general a buscar ayuda (formal e informal) tanto en hombres como mujeres, una mayor experimentación de malestar psicológico y mayor conocimiento sobre salud mental en mujeres. Finalmente, se observaron diferencias en los predictores de la búsqueda de ayuda informal entre hombres y mujeres, siendo el apoyo social y las emociones negativas en pandemia los únicos comunes entre géneros. Conclusión: Se discuten los bajos niveles de búsqueda de ayuda evidenciados, y las diferencias observadas en variables asociadas, en función de la brecha de género en salud mental.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the psychological well-being of the population, with young people being a particularly vulnerable group. Aim: The present study examines help-seeking intention for mental health problems and associated variables among male and female university students in La Araucanía Region during the COVI-19 pandemic. Method: A sample of 500 students aged 18 to 29 was recruited through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Help-seeking levels and facilitating or hindering variables were compared by gender. Multiple linear regression models were estimated separately by gender to predict the criterion variable of informal help-seeking. Results: The results indicate that both men and women are reluctant to seek help (formal and informal). Women reported higher levels of psychological distress and greater knowledge about mental health than men. Differences in predictors of informal help-seeking between men and women are evidenced, with social support and negative emotions in pandemic being the only common predictors between genders. Conclusion: The low levels of help-seeking evidenced, and the differences observed in associated variables based on the gender gap in mental health, are discussed.

BANKING SECTOR DEVELOPS RURAL WOMEN THROUGH MICRO FINANCE: AN ANALYSIS

The institutional credit agencies like commercial banks, Regional Rural Banks (RRBS) and Cooperative banks have been playing a pivotal role in the formation, strengthening and development of the Self-Help Groups (SHGs) through micro finance in India. In fact, the banking institutions have become more instrumental in developing micro-enterprises by the women members of Self-Help Groups through providing financial services. Self-Help Groups linkage programmes is suitable and an effective intervention in economic uplift met and financial inclusion for the bottom of the pyramid.1 A proven platform initially conceived for increasing the outreach of banking services among the poor has since graduated to a programme for promotion of livelihoods and poverty the banking sector in rural and urban areas.2 An attempt is made her to analyze the different, financial agencies such as CBs, RRBs and Cooperative banks in providing financial services to the poor and marginalized sections for the promotion and strengthening of self-help groups in India. Micro-finance is an economic development tool whose objective is to assist the poor to work their way out of poverty. In fact, micro-finance is powerful weapon to remove the poverty in our country. There is a greater involvement of banks in providing the loans to the women members of the Self-Help Groups in the country. The institutional credit agencies have played a crucial role in the development of the poor women members of the SHGs.The Regional Rural Banks have covered more than 45 per cent of the women by way of providing loans and advances whereas the Commercial Banks have given the highest amount of loans to the women members of the SHGs. The Cooperative Banks are in the third position in providing the microcredit to the women members of the SHGs. On the whole, the banking sector has played a dominant role in the provision of the bank loans to the poor women of the SHGs in India.

Ability of older male caregivers to seek help when caring for a wife or mother with dementia living at home / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: We aimed to clarify factors associated with the ability to seek help among older male caregivers who care for women with dementia in their families.Patients and Methods: This information will inform strategies to support their continued provision of long-term care. Participants were 364 male caregivers recruited from three places: The study period was 2017–2018. We obtained ethical approval for this study from the relevant ethics committee.Results: The ability to seek help for care problems among male caregivers was normally distributed. We found that more than 90% of older male caregivers did not actively seek help to resolve care problems, suggesting that older male caregivers had problems with long-term care. In the high score group, health status and the number of emotional support persons in the household were significantly and somewhat strongly positively correlated. The low score group showed a significant and rather weak positive correlation between economic status and health status, and the number of emotional supporters inside and outside the household.Positive correlations for the high score group were self-esteem and depressive symptoms, and self-esteem and resources. Positive correlations for the low score group were self-esteem and depressive symptoms, self-esteem and resources, and resources and depressive symptoms.Conclusion: Male caregivers are more likely to seek help if they are employed or play a role in their community. Nurses also need to support male caregivers with positive words and praise to help them use available support and resources and continue to provide long-term care. It is important for healthcare professionals to observe whether a caregiver presents with depressive symptoms or has long-term care problems because older male caregivers do not seek help. Collaboration between caregivers and medical, long-term care, and welfare professionals is necessary. Direct and timely intervention is needed.

Scoping review of application effects of self-help intervention model in adult patients with depression / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To review relevant research on the application of self-help intervention model in adult depression patients, analyze the main characteristics and application effects of self-help intervention model, in order to provide reference for related research in this field.Methods:According to the methodological framework of the scope review, searched 12 Chinese and English databases including CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, etc. from the establishment of the database until April 20, 2021, and sorted and analyzed the obtained documents according to the inclusion and exclusion standards.Results:A total of 45 documents were included, of which only 5 were from China; the included studies were mainly based on the Internet platform, using cognitive behavioral therapy, reading therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and problem-solving therapy for intervention; the duration of the intervention was 3 weeks to 4 months, participants complete an intervention module or read a specified number of chapters every 3 to 7 days on average, and receive regular guidance and supervision from the intervention facilitator every 1-2 weeks. The total contact time with the facilitator was 80-160 minutes. Various modes of self-help intervention based on the Internet could effectively improve the negative emotions of patients with depression.Conclusions:The self-help intervention model has shown good results in the treatment of patients with depression, but there is a lack of local intervention research in China, and there is no clear standard for the number of interventions and the length of the intervention guide. Under the general trend of "Internet + medical health", it is necessary to actively construct a self-help intervention model for depression with Chinese cultural characteristics, and form a systematic and standardized intervention strategy to address the many obstacles in time, location, resources and cost of people with depression, and finally achieve the purpose of improving the patients′ depressive symptoms and helping them to restore their social functions.

Meta-integration of behavioral barriers to help-seeking in elderly abuse victims / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To systematically integrate qualitative studies of impediments to help-seeking behavior in victims of elder abuse.Methods:A computer search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsyINFO, Scopus, China Biology Medicine disc, China Knowledge Network, Vipshop, and Wanfang was conducted to collect qualitative studies on help-seeking in abused older adults, with search time from establishment of the database to February 2022. The literature was evaluated using the Australian JBI Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care quality assessment criteria, and the results were integrated using the Meta integration method.Results:A total of 9 papers were included, 32 results were extracted and grouped into 9 categories, and 3 integrated results were synthesized including the role of personal factors, the influence of cultural values, and the lack of effective support networks.Conclusions:Seeking help after elder abuse is a complex process influenced by a variety of personal, social and cultural factors. Awareness of seeking help after abuse should be raised, attention should be paid to the physical and mental health of the elderly, and professional assistance and counseling services should be provided.

Prevalence survey of clinical help-seeking of anesthesiologists in public hospitals / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To investigate the current situation of clinical help-seeking of anesthesiologists and analyze the influencing factors of help-seeking behaviors in order to provide a basis for improving the help-seeking ability of anesthesiologists.Methods:The anesthesiologists in 35 public hospitals in Hubei province were investigated using a self-designed questionnaire, and the demographic differences and influencing factors related to help-seeking were analyzed.Results:The score for the help-seeking attitude questionnaire of anesthesiologists was (3.6±0.4). The score for the help-seeking needs sub-questionnaire of anesthesiologists was (2.7±0.6), and the score for the help-seeking behavior sub-questionnaire was (3.0±0.4). The item with the highest score was " special patients or patient emergency needs help", and the item with the lowest score was " self injury potential needs help". There was a statistically significant difference in the scores for the help-seeking needs sub-questionnaire for anesthesiologists of different ages and working years ( P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the scores for the help-seeking attitude questionnaire and help-seeking behavior sub-questionnaire for anesthesiologists of different genders, ages, professional titles, working years, personnel types, and whether they obtained a doctor′s license ( P>0.05). The percentage of anesthesiologists who believed that " they did not ask for help timely or without asking for help" was 35.4%, and the percentage of anesthesiologists who believed that " colleagues did not ask for help timely or without asking for help" was 50.7%. Among the reasons why the need for help did not translate into help-seeking behavior, the percentage of anesthesiologists who believed that " doctors think they can solve" was the highest (74.0%). Conclusions:Anesthesiologists in public hospitals have a positive attitude towards seeking-help and can better translate the need for help into behaviors. The main reasons for delay in seeking-help or non-seeking-help are inaccurate assessment of their own ability and inability to grasp the opportunity of seeking-help, and targeted training should be carried out to improve the doctors′ help-seeking ability.

Literature Research on the Mechanism of"Tonifying the Spleen to Help the Lung"in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective By summarizing the literature on the treatment of bronchial asthma with"Tonifying the spleen to help the lung"as the guiding ideology and"tonifying spleen drugs"published in recent 25 years,analyzing the domestic research situation,to understanding the research status of the mechanism of"Tonifying the spleen to help the lung"in the treatment of asthma,so as to provide ideas for the research of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of asthma.Methods Taking"Tonifying the spleen to help the lung","tonifying the spleen","strengthening the spleen","transporting the spleen","benefiting the spleen","Shenling Baizhu Powder","Yigong Powder","Ginseng Schisandra Decoction","Maimendong Decoction","Liujunzi Decoction"and"asthma"as the keywords,searching the literature in the Chinese Journal Full-text Database(CNKI),extracting the data recorded in the literature,including prescriptions,drug composition,test indexes and experimental results,and summarize and analyze the data.Results A total of 54 literatures were included in this literature study.The prescriptions of"Tonifying the spleen to help the lung"method in the treatment of asthma are complex.The classic prescriptions often involved include Liujunzi Decoction,Yupingfeng Powder,Yigong Powder,Buzhong yiqi decoction,Shenling baizhu powder,Maimendong decoction,Ginseng Schisandra decoction and Erchen decoction.The commonly used drugs include Atractylodes macrocephala,Astragalus membranaceus,Poria cocos,licorice,tangerine peel,etc.Experimental research mainly involves inflammatory cells,immunoglobulins,cytokines,signaling pathway,T cell subsets,cell receptors,intestinal flora and other aspects,and the specific detection indicators are complex and diverse.Conclusion The method of"Tonifying the spleen to help the lung"is effective in the treatment of bronchial asthma.Many studies show that its effect has a clear scientific basis,but its mechanism is complex and diverse and is gradually becoming clear.

Development of communication skills in an adolescent with autism, using alternative communication: a case report / Desenvolvimento das habilidades comunicacionais em adolescente autista com uso de comunicação alternativa: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Alternative communication has been successfully used in interventions to develop communication skills in children with ASD. However, few studies in Brazil have approached nonverbal adolescents with autism. This article aimed to demonstrate the impact of using an alternative communication system on the development of communication skills in a nonverbal adolescent presented with ASD. This is a single-case study with longitudinal intervention. Skills were assessed with the Communication Assessment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ACOTEA). There was progress in communicative and behavioral skills. Receptive communications had a greater variation between the first, second, and third applications, increasing from 50% to 66.60% and then 83.30%, followed by social behavior, which increased from 45.80% to 70.80% and then 75%. The use of alternative communication with a robust communication system indicated evidence of the development of communication skills and social behavior in the adolescent with ASD that received the treatment.

RESUMO O uso da Comunicação Alternativa para o desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicacionais de crianças com TEA tem sido aplicado com êxito nas intervenções. Entretanto, no Brasil, são escassos os estudos na faixa etária da adolescência e autistas não verbais. Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar o impacto do uso de um sistema de comunicação alternativa no desenvolvimento das habilidades comunicacionais em um adolescente não-verbal com TEA. Trata-se de estudo de intervenção longitudinal do tipo estudo de caso único. As habilidades foram avaliadas pelo protocolo de Avaliação da Comunicação no Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo - ACOTEA. Constatou-se que houve avanço nas habilidades comunicativas e comportamentais. A comunicação receptiva apresentou maior variação entre a primeira, segunda e terceira aplicação, evoluindo de 50% para 66,60% e, no final, para 83,30%, seguida do comportamento social 45,80% para 70,80% e depois para 75%. O uso da Comunicação Alternativa com um sistema robusto de comunicação apontou evidências do desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas bem como no comportamento social no adolescente com TEA assistido.

As vozes são muito mais que um sintoma / Las voces son mucho más que un síntoma (resumen: p. 15) / Voices are much more than a symptom

O Movimento Internacional de Ouvidores de Vozes, surgido nos anos 1980, entende o fenômeno de ouvir vozes não apenas como um sintoma, mas auxilia o desenvolvimento de estratégias para lidar com essas vozes. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como pessoas que participaram de grupos de ouvidores de vozes no SUS lidaram com tais experiências. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em 2020, coletando dados de entrevistas em profundidade e diário de campo, examinados utilizando-se análise de conteúdo. Os participantes adultos (4) frequentaram o grupo por mais de um mês. Foi possível explorar as estratégias de enfrentamento individuais desenvolvidas pelas vivências de cada um com as suas vozes. O grupo também foi instrumento de socialização, por meio da normalização da experiência, de maior autoaceitação e de redução do estigma.(AU)

El Movimiento Internacional de Oidores de Voces, surgido en la década de 1980, entiende el fenómeno de oír voces no solo como un síntoma, sino que auxilia en el desarrollo de estrategias para enfrentarlas. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender cómo personas que participaron en grupos de oidores de voces en el SUS enfrentaron tales experiencias. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, realizada en 2020, con colecta de datos, a partir de entrevistas en profundidad y diario de campo, analizadas utilizándose análisis de contenido. Los participantes adultos (4) frecuentaron el grupo durante más de un mes. Fue posible explorar las estrategias de enfrentamiento individuales desarrolladas a partir de las vivencias de cada uno con sus voces. El grupo también fue un instrumento de socialización y, a partir de la normalización de la experiencia, de mayor autoaceptación y reducción del estigma.(AU)

Abstract The international Hearing Voices Movement, which emerged in the 1980s, understands the phenomenon of hearing voices not just as a symptom, but helps in the development of strategies to deal with these voices. The objective of this study was to understand how people who participated in groups of voice hearers in the Brazilian health system dealt with such experiences. This was a qualitative research study, carried out in 2020, with data collection from in-depth interviews and field diary, analyzed using content analysis. Adult participants (4) attended the group for more than a month. It was possible to explore the individual coping strategies developed from the experiences of each one with their voices. The group was also an instrument of socialization and, from the normalization of the experience, of greater self-acceptance and reduction of stigma.(AU)