RESUMO
Objective To explore the diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary fungal infection in childhood hematological diseases. Methods A retrospectively clinical analysis was carried out in 22 cases of childhood hematological diseases treated with amphotercin B and itraconazole. Results 10 out of 22 cases had the respiratory manifestations. X rays in chests showed shadows with features of stigma and sheet in 17 cases. Candida albicans and aspergillus infection were observed in 10 and 1 cases respectively. The numbers of neutrophil were below 0.5×109/L in 6 cases and below 0.1×109/L in 9 cases respectively. 18 cases were treated with glucocorticoid except for those occasionally application in blood transfusion. Intravenous dripping broad spectrum antibiotics and inhaling amphotericin B were used for more than 5 days in all cases. Itraconazole was used for more than 2 weeks after clinical symptoms were not improved 5 days later. The results showed that clinical symptoms of 13 cases were improved within two weeks and only 1 case died. Conclusion The occurrence of pulmonary fungal infection in childhood hematological diseases is associated with intensive chemotherapy, neutropenia and usage of broad spectrum antibiotics. Experimental therapy with amphotercin B and intraconzole is effective and worth of being widely spread.