Correlation of Serum Lactate Levels, Perfusion Index and Plethysmography Variability Index With Invasive Blood Pressure in Late Preterm and Term Infants With Shock

Objective: To study the correlation of objective parameters for diagnosing shock viz., perfusion index (PI), plethysmography variability index (PVI) and serum lactate (SL) with invasive blood pressure in late preterm and term infants with shock. Methods: Prospective observational study (diagnostic test) conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit of Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai between June, 2018 and May, 2020. Term and late preterm neonates with shock were included in the study. PI, PVI, SL, SpO2 and heart rate were monitored. PI, PVI and SLL were recorded at 0,12, 24 and 72 hours of onset of shock. All the babies were followed up till discharge or death. Results: Total 78 neonates were enrolled in the study. At 0 hour, SL and PVI had negative correlation (P =0.002 and P=0.003) while PI had a weak-to-moderate positive correlation (P=0.002) with invasive blood pressure. SL ?4.65 had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 75.8%, and PI <0.455 had a sensitivity of 65%, and specificity of 58.6% for predicting invasive hypotension. PVI ?23.5 had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 63.8% in predicting invasive hypotension. Conclusion: PI has moderate positive correlation while SL and PVI have moderate negative correlation with invasive blood pressure. The cutoff values of SL ?4.65, PI <0.45 and PVI ?23.5 can predict invasive hypotension with good sensitivity and negative predictive value.

Failure factors of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the failure factors of no-invasive ventilation (NIV) as an initial ventilation mode for the treatment of community acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods Totally 237 cases of CAP patients with NIV as initial ventilation were analyzed retrospectively in the emergency department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital.According to the failure of NIV,patients were divided into two groups.General clinical data and acute physiological and chronic health score (APACHE Ⅱ),physiological parameters,pulmonary infection and the prognosis of the patients were recorded,and were compared between the two groups.The risk factors of NIV 1 hour and 3 hours later were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results Compared with the NIV failure group,the mortality of the patients in the NIV successful group (17.6 and 35.6,P＜ 0.01) was significantly lower.The risk factors for the NIV1 hour failure of the patients included the APACHE Ⅱ score(OR=l.352,95％CI:l.132-3.015,P=0.035),the hemodynamic support (OR=9.826,95％CI:2.525-86.377,P=0.002) and the severity of the pulmonary infection,and the risk factors for the physiological index of the failure of NIV3 hours included hemodynamic support(OR=6.365,95％CI:2.552-28.316,P=0.004),respiratory frequency and pH value.Conclusions Hemodynamic support is the most important risk factor for the failure of NIV in CAP patients.During the NIV treatment,the patients' respiratory frequency,oH and blood pressure should be closely monitored to ensure the success and safety of the treatment.

Consenso brasileiro de monitorização e suporte hemodinâmico - Parte V: suporte hemodinâmico / Brazilian consensus of monitoring and hemodynamic support - Part V: hemodynamic support

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O choque ocorre quando o sistema circulatório não consegue manter a perfusão celular adequada. Caso ele não seja revertido a lesão celular irreversível instala-se. A terapia do choque tem como prioridade inicial à rápida recuperação da pressão arterial média e do debito cardíaco, e vigorosa para manter a vida e evitar ou diminuir as disfunções orgânicas. A reposição de fluídos, freqüentemente associada a fármacos vasoativas, é necessária para garantir adequada perfusão tecidual e a manutenção da função dos diferentes órgãos e sistemas, sempre guiados por monitorização cardiovascular. As recomendações listadas visam orientar o suporte hemodinâmico necessário para manter uma adequada perfusão celular. MÉTODO: O processo de desenvolvimento de recomendações utilizou o método Delphi modificado para criar e quantificar o consenso entre os participantes. A AMIB determinou um coordenador para o Consenso, o qual escolheu seis especialistas para comporem o Comitê Consultivo. Outros 18 peritos de diferentes regiões do país foram selecionados para completar o painel de 25 especialistas, médicos e enfermeiros. Um levantamento bibliográfico na MedLine de artigos na língua inglesa foi realizado no período de 1966 a 2004. RESULTADOS: Foram apresentadas recomendações referentes a 17 questões sobre suporte hemodinâmico, com ênfase em reposição volêmica, transfusão de concentrados de hemácias, fármacos vasoativos e terapia de otimização hemodinâmica. CONCLUSÕES: A monitorização hemodinâmica per se não é capaz de reduzir a mortalidade de pacientes graves. Os possíveis benefícios serão conseqüência da correta interpretação dos dados obtidos e do uso de protocolos de tratamento que permitam obtenção de metas hemodinâmicas adequadas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Shock occurs when the circulatory system cannot maintain adequate cellular perfusion. If this condition is not reverted irreversible cellular injury establishes. Shock treatment has as its initial priority the fast and vigorous correction of mean arterial pressure and cardiac output to maintain life and avoid or lessen organic dysfunctions. Fluid challenge and vasoactive drugs are necessary to warrant an adequate tissue perfusion and maintenance of function of different organs and systems, always guided by cardiovascular monitorization. The recommendations built in this consensus are aimed to guide hemodynamic support needed to maintain adequate tisular perfusion. METHODS: Modified Delphi methodology was used to create and quantify the consensus between the participants. AMIB indicated a coordinator who invited more six experts in the area of monitoring and hemodynamic support to constitute the Consensus Advisory Board. Twenty five physician and two nurses selected from different regions of the country completed the expert panel, which reviewed the pertinent bibliography listed at the MEDLINE in the period from 1996 to 2004. RESULTS: Recommendations were made answering 17 questions about hemodynamic support with focus on fluid challenge, red blood cell transfusions, vasoactive drugs and perioperative hemodynamic optimization. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamic monitoring by itself does not reduce the mortality of critically ill patients, however, we believe that the correct interpretation of the data obtained by the hemodynamic monitoring and the use of hemodynamic support protocols based on well defined tissue perfusion goals can improve the outcome of these patients.