Un plaguicida en el franquismo: comunicación de riesgos tóxicos en España, 1945-1975 / A pesticide in Franco's regime: communicating toxic risks in Spain, 1945-1975

Resumen En este trabajo se analizan las representaciones de los riesgos tóxicos del hexaclorociclohexano, un ingrediente activo de plaguicidas de uso común en los campos españoles durante el franquismo. Se hace énfasis en las prácticas que visibilizaron e invisibilizaron dichos riesgos en España entre 1945 y 1975, buscando establecer los actores que las fomentaron y los medios que emplearon. Desde la perspectiva de la agnotología, se analizan los procesos de creación de ignorancia e incertidumbre relacionadas con este compuesto. Asimismo, se examinan las estrategias retóricas utilizadas para abordarlos. Para ello se utilizan tres fuentes primarias principales: la revista de agronomía dirigida a expertos Boletín de patología vegetal y entomología agrícola, la revista dirigida a agricultores Agricultura y el periódico ABC.

Abstract This work analyzes the representations of the toxic risks of hexachlorocyclohexane, an active ingredient of many pesticides commonly used in Spanish fields during Franco's regime. Emphasis is placed on the practices that visibilized and invisibilized these risks, seeking to establish the actors that promoted them and the mechanisms they used. From the perspective of agnotology, I analyze the generation of ignorance and uncertainty related to this compound. Likewise, I examine the most prevalent rhetorical strategies used in print sources. To do so, I consulted three main primary sources: Boletín de patología vegetal y entomología agrícola, an agronomy journal for experts; Agricultura, a magazine for farmers, and ABC, a newspaper.

Study on the serum organochlorine pesticides residues levels in breast cancer patients with different estrogen receptor / 中国综合临床

Objective To evaluate the serum organochlorine pesticides residues levels in breast cancer pa-tients with different estrogen receptor(ER). Methods 93 patients of breast cancer from Fengnan districtand 65 pa-tients from Tanghai county in Tangshan were selected,whose ER were detected by pathology and serum organochlo-fine pesticides (DDTs and HCHs) levels were detected and compared with gas chromatography/electron capture. Results The orders of detection rate of HCH isomer in breast cancer patients in two areas were β-HCH >δ-HCH > α-HCH >γ-HCH. The orders of detection rate of DDT isomer in breast cancer patients in two areas were PP'-DDE > PP'-DDT > OP'-DDT > PP'-DDD. The serum levels of β-HCH, PP'-DDE in breast cancer patients in two are-as were positively correlated with age (r=0.272 ,0.330 , P<0.01) or BMI (r=0.312,0.187, P <0.01, <0.05). There were statistical differences in the serum β-HCH,δ-HCH,PP'-DDE levels between the estrogen receptor posi-tive breast cancer patients and the estrogen receptor negative breast cancer patients in two areas (P<0.05 for each). Conclusion The serum organochlorine pesticides residues levels in breast cancer patients with positive es-trogen receptor are higher than that with negative estrogen receptor, implicating that breast cancer is dependent on es-trogen. The cause of breast cancer is likely due to estrogen-like effect of serum organochlorine pesticides residues.

Avaliação da contaminação e identificação das rotas ambientais de exposição ao HCH, ao DDT e aos metais na Cidade dos Meninos, Amapá, Figueiras e Pilar, Área metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro / Assessment of the contamination and identification of the environmental exposure routes to HCH, DDT and metals in the Cidade dos Meninos, Amapá, Figueiras and Pilar, Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro

Em 1989, o órgão ambiental do Rio de Janeiro (FEEMA), após um breve estudo do sítio conhecido como Cidade dos Meninos, retirou toneladas de pesticidas que se encontravam nas ruínas de uma antiga fábrica de hexaclorociclohexano (HCH) situada no terreno pertencente à Legião Brasileira de Assistência. Este artigo mostra os resultados da avaliação da contaminação por HCH, DDT e metais em amostras de solo, água, ar, hortaliças e pasto da Cidade dos Meninos e seu entorno; identifica as rotas ambientais de contaminação existentes e propõe uma classificação para o sítio baseada no nível de perigo existente para a população local. Os resultados obtidos em amostras ambientais revelaram expressivas contaminações por HCH e DDT em todos os tipos de matrizes analisadas. Não foi encontrada contaminação por metais considerados anormais. Os dados da contaminação ambiental combinado com os dados de dieta alimentar e saúde da população local mostraram que existem quatro rotas completas de contaminação por HCH e DDT (solo superficial, estrada de acesso, biota e ar ambiente). De acordo com a metodologia usada neste trabalho, o sítio pode ser classificado em duas categorias: categoria II, perigo para a saúde pública, necessitando uma ação corretiva imediata; categoria III, perigo indeterminado para a saúde pública, necessitando um programa de vigilância ambiental e epidemiológica.

Relationship between Organochlorine Pesticides Exposure after Tangshan Earthquake and Breast Cancer:a Casecontrol Study / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between organochlorine pesticides exposure after Tangshan earthquake and the breast cancer. Methods 1∶1 matched case-control study was conducted in 150 newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer with histopathological diagnosis from three city-level hospitals in Tangshan,China and 150 matched controls at the same hospitals,without the related diseases. The levels of derivatives of DDT and HCH in serum were measured by gas chromatography (GC) method and epidemiological survey were conducted by questionnaire for 150 pairs of cases and controls. The relationship between the organochlorine pesticides metabolites and the breast cancer of the exposed population was analyzed by conditional logistic regression model by SAS 8.2 Software. Results Compared with the control,significant higher rates of detection of p,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDT were seen in the case group and the levels of p,p'-DDE,?-HCH and ?-HCH in serum were higher in the case group,and there was a significant difference in serum residues levels of ?-HCH,p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDT in different exposure areas in Tangshan,the high exposure area showed higher residues levels than the low exposure area. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed high pesticides exposure after the earthquake,the serum residues of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT were associated with breast cancer risk,ORs were 6.592(95%CI:1.402-31.002),2.405(95%CI:1.033-5.600)and 1.845(95%CI:1.028-3.353) respectively. Conclusion Exposure to environmental organochlorines may be one of the risk factors for breast cancer; Higher pesticides exposure after the earthquake may increases breast cancer risk in Tangshan area.