Construction and Interpretation of Clinical Comprehensive Evaluation Index System for Chinese Patent Medicine Based on EVIDEM Framework / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish the clinical comprehensive evaluation index system for Chinese patent medicine（CPM） based on Evidence and Value：Impact on DEcisionMaking（EVIDEM） framework， so as to promote the scientific， systematic and standardized implementation of clinical comprehensive evaluation of CPM. MethodThe clinical comprehensive evaluation index system was determined through literature review， semi-structured interview and Delphi method， and the weights of each index were clarified by analytic hierarchy process（AHP）. ResultThe recovery rates of both rounds of expert consultation were 100%， and the authority coefficient of experts was 0.90 and 0.905， respectively. Kendall's coordination coefficients（W） of the second- and third-level indicators in the first-round consultation were 0.320 and 0.283（P<0.001）， and in the second round were 0.411 and 0.351， respectively（P<0.001）. The finally constructed clinical comprehensive evaluation index system for CPM included 6 first-level indicators， 13 second-level indicators and 28 third-level indicators. Among the first-level indicators， the weights of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility were 37.34%， 32.68%， 11.85%， 5.87%， 5.79% and 6.47%， respectively. ConclusionThis study has constructed a universal clinical comprehensive evaluation index system for CPM， and the domain and criteria are introduced and interpreted in detail， which can provide reference and information for carrying out the clinical comprehensive evaluation of CPM， but it needs to be refined and improved in combination with the clinical practice of CPM for specialized diseases.

Study on Quantitative Diagnostic Criteria of Phlegm-stasis Interjunction Syndrome of Metabolic Syndrome / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective To determine the quantitative diagnostic criteria of phlegm-stasis interjunction syndrome of metabolic syndrome.Methods Based on the literature research,the Expert Consultation Questionnaire for MS Syndrome of Phlegm-stasis Interjunction based on Analytic Hierarchy Process was developed.Experts were invited to fill out the questionnaire,and the Diagnostic Criteria for MS Syndrome of Phlegm-stasis Interjunction(Draft)was constructed by using the expert group decision algorithm.The patients with MS were prospectively collected,and the diagnostic criteria for phlegm-stasis interjunction syndrome of MS were validated and revised by conditional probability conversion method and maximum likelihood discrimination,and the quantitative diagnostic criteria for phlegm-stasis interjunction syndrome of MS were finally formulated.Results The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the established quantitative diagnostic criteria for MS phlegm-stasis interjunction syndrome were 95.7%,84.0%,91.6%,positive likelihood ratio 5.98,negative likelihood ratio 19.46.Conclusion The quantitative diagnostic criteria for MS phlegm-stasis interjunction syndrome established based on literature research,expert consultation and diagnostic tests have good diagnostic efficacy.

Oxygen supply system effectiveness evaluation used for medical aircraft / 医疗卫生装备

The importance of evaluating the oxygen supply system of the medical aircraft was introduced.With considerations on the characteristics of the oxygen supply system of the medical aircraft during its development and application,an oxygen supply system effectiveness evaluation method was proposed based on the analytic hierarchy process and the experience of experts in the field of medical aircraft,which involved in seven evaluation indexes of total oxygen supply,pipeline airtight-ness,single-nozzle flow adjustment characteristics,single-nozzle outlet pressure adjustment characteristics,disassembly and assembly,mechanical operation and fixation ability.The effectiveness evaluation method proposed was of significance for accurately grasping the changes in the performance of the oxygen supply system.References were provided for the ground maintenance of the oxygen supply system of the medical aircraft.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):89-92]

Construction of leadership evaluation indicator system for managers in primary medical institutions / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To construct a leadership evaluation indicator system for managers in primary healthcare institutions.Methods:This study was a qualitative research. Based on the Chinese Academy of Sciences′ Five Forces Model of Leadership, the framework of the leadership evaluation indicator system for primary healthcare institution managers was initially constructed through literature review, expert interviews, surveys, and group discussions. From November 2020 to June 2021, 19 experts were invited to participate in two rounds of Delphi expert consultations. Based on the consultation results, the leadership evaluation indicator system for primary healthcare institution managers was developed, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of each indicator.Results:Nineteen consulting experts were included in the study, 13 of whom were aged 40 years or older, and seven of whom had 20 years or more of professional experience. The response rates of the two rounds of Delphi expert consultation questionnaires were 18/19 and 19/19, respectively; the authority coefficients of the experts were 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. In the second round of consultation, the coordination coefficients of each level of indicators were 0.640, 0.557, and 0.512 ( P<0.05), respectively. The constructed leadership indicator system for managers of primary healthcare institutions included five primary indicators, 16 secondary indicators, and 44 tertiary indicators. The primary indicators, in order of their weight, were "influence"(0.299),"decisiveness"(0.245),"control"(0.156),"inspiration"(0.150), and "foresight"(0.150). Conclusions:This study is a preliminary construction of a leadership evaluation indicator system for managers of primary healthcare institutions, which can be a reference for the training and evaluation of relevant talents.

Optimization of honey processing technology of Phellinus igniarius by multi-index comprehensive score combined with analytic hierarchy process / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To optimize the honey processing technology of Phellinus igniarius. METHODS The key factors of honey processing technology of P. igniarius （honey-water ratio， the mass ratio of honey-water to P. igniarius， the frying temperature and the frying time） were investigated by orthogonal test combined with analytic hierarchy process to determine the optimal technological parameters， using the internal quality （the contents of ergosterol， protocatechuic aldehyde and protocatechuic acid） and appearance traits as evaluation indexes. RESULTS The optimal process of honey-roasting P. igniarius was to take raw P. igniarius （1 cm3 square block）， add the appropriate amount of auxiliary materials （with 25 kg of refined honey and water for every 100 kg of P. igniarius）， mix well， moisten for 2 h until the auxiliary materials were completely absorbed； put it in a frying container， fry at the frying temperature of 130-140 ℃ for 5 min； take it out， put it in an oven at 50 ℃ for 2 h； take it out， and let it cool. The RSD of the results of three validation experiments was 0.68%. CONCLUSIONS The optimized honey processing technology of P. igniarius is stable and feasible.

Optimization of processing technology and quality characterization of wine-steamed Taxillus chinensis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To optimize the steaming and processing technology of wine-steamed Taxillus chinensis， and to characterize its quality. METHODS Using the content of avicularin， quercitrin， quercetin and appearance traits as evaluation indicators， the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）-entropy weight method was used to determine the weights of each indicator， and the comprehensive scores of those indicators were used as response values. Box-Behnken response surface method was used to investigate the effects of solid-liquid ratio （g/mL）， soaking time， and steaming time on the processing technology of wine-steamed T. chinensis， optimize the best processing technology， and verify it. Fifteen batches of T. chinensis decoction pieces from different origins were used to prepare wine-steamed T. chinensis using the best processing technology， and their qualities were characterized. RESULTS The optimal processing technology for wine-steamed T. chinensis was to take 100 g of T. chinensis decoction pieces， add 20 mL of yellow wine， seal and moisten for 2 h， steam at normal pressure for 1 h， take out and dry at 50 ℃. The surface of wine-steamed T. chinensis prepared by the optimal processing technology was reddish brown or brownish， and its powder was dark brown， with a hard or brittle texture that was easy to break， and had a slight aroma of alcohol， and an astringent taste. Results of microscopic and thin-layer identification for the stem cross-section of wine-steamed T. chinensis were the same as those of raw T. chinensis. The contents of moisture， total ash and acid-insoluble ash were 3.92%-8.75%， 2.27%-5.08%， and 0.19%-0.82%， respectively； the contents of water-soluble extract were 11.28%-18.56%， and the contents of alcohol-soluble extract were 3.36%-8.58%； the contents of avicularin， quercitrin， and quercetin were 0.22-1.64， 0.26-2.45， and 0.01-0.38 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully optimized the processing technology of wine-steamed T. chinensis and preliminarily characterized its quality， which can provide reference for the standardized processing and establishment of quality standards for wine-steamed T. chinensis decoction mail：wyl@sxtcm.edu.cn pieces.

Optimization of honey processing technology of Phellinus igniarius by multi-index comprehensive score combined with analytic hierarchy process / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To optimize the honey processing technology of Phellinus igniarius. METHODS The key factors of honey processing technology of P. igniarius （honey-water ratio， the mass ratio of honey-water to P. igniarius， the frying temperature and the frying time） were investigated by orthogonal test combined with analytic hierarchy process to determine the optimal technological parameters， using the internal quality （the contents of ergosterol， protocatechuic aldehyde and protocatechuic acid） and appearance traits as evaluation indexes. RESULTS The optimal process of honey-roasting P. igniarius was to take raw P. igniarius （1 cm3 square block）， add the appropriate amount of auxiliary materials （with 25 kg of refined honey and water for every 100 kg of P. igniarius）， mix well， moisten for 2 h until the auxiliary materials were completely absorbed； put it in a frying container， fry at the frying temperature of 130-140 ℃ for 5 min； take it out， put it in an oven at 50 ℃ for 2 h； take it out， and let it cool. The RSD of the results of three validation experiments was 0.68%. CONCLUSIONS The optimized honey processing technology of P. igniarius is stable and feasible.

Optimization of processing technology and quality characterization of wine-steamed Taxillus chinensis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To optimize the steaming and processing technology of wine-steamed Taxillus chinensis， and to characterize its quality. METHODS Using the content of avicularin， quercitrin， quercetin and appearance traits as evaluation indicators， the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）-entropy weight method was used to determine the weights of each indicator， and the comprehensive scores of those indicators were used as response values. Box-Behnken response surface method was used to investigate the effects of solid-liquid ratio （g/mL）， soaking time， and steaming time on the processing technology of wine-steamed T. chinensis， optimize the best processing technology， and verify it. Fifteen batches of T. chinensis decoction pieces from different origins were used to prepare wine-steamed T. chinensis using the best processing technology， and their qualities were characterized. RESULTS The optimal processing technology for wine-steamed T. chinensis was to take 100 g of T. chinensis decoction pieces， add 20 mL of yellow wine， seal and moisten for 2 h， steam at normal pressure for 1 h， take out and dry at 50 ℃. The surface of wine-steamed T. chinensis prepared by the optimal processing technology was reddish brown or brownish， and its powder was dark brown， with a hard or brittle texture that was easy to break， and had a slight aroma of alcohol， and an astringent taste. Results of microscopic and thin-layer identification for the stem cross-section of wine-steamed T. chinensis were the same as those of raw T. chinensis. The contents of moisture， total ash and acid-insoluble ash were 3.92%-8.75%， 2.27%-5.08%， and 0.19%-0.82%， respectively； the contents of water-soluble extract were 11.28%-18.56%， and the contents of alcohol-soluble extract were 3.36%-8.58%； the contents of avicularin， quercitrin， and quercetin were 0.22-1.64， 0.26-2.45， and 0.01-0.38 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully optimized the processing technology of wine-steamed T. chinensis and preliminarily characterized its quality， which can provide reference for the standardized processing and establishment of quality standards for wine-steamed T. chinensis decoction mail：wyl@sxtcm.edu.cn pieces.

Interpretation of the Guideline for Multi-dimensional and Multi-criteria Comprehensive Evaluation of Chinese Patent Medicine：weighting of evaluation indicators / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide a detailed report and interpretation of the method and results for determining the weights of the technical indicators from the “multi-dimensional and multi-criteria comprehensive evaluation index system （first edition）” stated in Guideline for Multi-dimensional and Multi-criteria Comprehensive Evaluation of Chinese Patent Medicine. METHODS Normalization calculations were performed on the comprehensive weight values calculated by the analytic hierarchy process and expert weighting method to obtain the objective weights of the indicators. RESULTS The weight results of the six primary dimensions in the current comprehensive evaluation indicator system of Chinese patent medicine showed effectiveness dimension＞ safety dimension＞standard dimension＞application dimension＞scientific dimension＞economic dimension， with weight values of 0.281 0， 0.268 5， 0.195 8， 0.107 3， 0.096 1 and 0.051 3 respectively， consistent with the results of most researches currently. CONCLUSIONS The process of weight determination in this indicator system is scientifically reasonable， with clear methods and clear interpretations， and is worthy of further optimization and widespread application.

Construction and Application of Operation Quality and Effectiveness Evaluation Index System of Compact City Medi-cal Group / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To construct an evaluation index system of operation quality and effectiveness of compact urban medical groups and provide references for evaluation of compact urban medical groups.Methods:The evaluation index system was constructed by Delphi method,and the weight was determined by analytic hierarchy process.Results:The evaluation index system consisted of 5 primary indexes,12 secondary indexes and 40 tertiary indexes.Providing assessment methods for the construction of medical groups,the evaluation index system is scientific and authoritative.Conclusion:At the initial stage,policy support should be strengthened,innovative governance mechanisms should be explored,and measures such as implementing a community of responsibilities,strengthening information interconnection,and improving profit distribution mechanisms should be taken to gradually promote the construction of close urban medical groups.

Construction of evaluation index system of entrustable professional activities in psychiatric residents / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To construct an evaluation the index system of entrustable professional activities for resident training doctors in psychiatric department,and to provide reference for formulating training strategies and assessment standards.Entrustable professional activities refers to the ability of trainees to perform and complete spe-cific clinical tasks independently after they have been trusted.Methods:Through documental analysis and semi-structured interviews,the item database of entrustable professional activities for psychiatric resident training physi-cians was established.Delphi consultation was conducted among 63 experts in the field of psychiatry from 7 national resident training bases and 3 medical colleges in China.Indicators were comprehensively screened and sorted out,and indicators at all levels and their weights were determined by the analytic hierarchy process.Results:A hierarchi-cal evaluation index system of entrustable professional activities for psychiatric resident training doctors was con-structed,including 4 first-level indicators,17 second-level indicators and 68 third-level indicators.The weights of the first-level,second-level and third-level indicators were determined.Conclusion:The evaluation index system of en-trustable professional activities is comprehensive and systematic,which is suitable for clinical work and convenient for practical application.It could provide quantitative standards for the assessment of psychiatric residents and pro-mote the improvement of training quality.

Evaluation of rational use of intravenous iron in patients with iron deficient anemia and abnormal uterine bleeding in gynaecology / 中国药师

Objective To investigate the application of intravenous iron in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding(AUD)and iron deficiency anemia(IDA)in gynecology,to establish the drug utilization evaluation(DUE)standard,and to comprehensively evaluate the rationality of the clinical application of intravenous iron by analytic hierarchy process(AHP),so as to provide reference for the rational use of intravenous iron in clinical practice.Methods The medical records of patients with AUD and IDA from January to December 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology were collected,and the special rationality of the drug was evaluated from the aspects of indications,route and frequency of administration,daily dosage,solvent,combination medication,and contraindications of iron sucrose injection,and the DUE standard of the drug was formulated.AHP was used to analyze and evaluate 113 archived cases of intravenous iron in gynecology from January to December 2022.Results A total of 113 patients were treated with iron sucrose injection,and the indications,route of administration,solvent,contraindications,and allergic reactions were reasonable.The main unreasonableness was that the frequency of administration was inappropriate,the daily dose was inappropriate,the combination was not appropriate,the total iron supplement was not up to standard,and there was no continuous drug monitoring after medication.The case scores 90～100,70～<90 and 60～<70 were 6(5.31%),106(93.81%)and 1(0.88%),respectively.Conclusion Patients with AUD and IDA should pay attention to the dosage,total amount of iron supplementation,combined application of drugs and continuous medication monitoring after intravenous iron supplementation,so as to improve the rationality of their use.

Research on the value of quantitative evaluation system of medical equipment procurement in the management of hospital asset allocation / 中国医学装备

Objective:To establish a quantitative evaluation system for medical equipment procurement and to explore its application value in the allocation and management of hospital assets.Methods:Based on theoretical research and on-site evaluation,an evaluation index system was developed from four levels of clinical demand,technical level,procurement process and service capabilities.The quantitative evaluation of the procurement process was conducted by using covariance-analytic hierarchy process(Cov-AHP),and a"6-stage"optimization process of medical equipment procurement was developed.A total of 257 sets of medical equipment purchased by Beijing Shunyi Hospital from August 2019 to July 2023 were selected,and the expert demonstration model(126 units)and the quantitative evaluation model(131 units)were used for medical equipment asset allocation management.The standardization of the medical equipment procurement process,effectiveness of performance objectives and satisfaction of clinical services of medical equipment procurement under different management methods were compared.Results:The standardization degrees of the procurement process of the medical equipment in the quantitative evaluation model in terms of startup,demonstration,implementation,installation and use stages were(98.42±2.83)%,(98.97±2.45)%,(96.24±3.87)%,(96.42±2.54)% and(94.82±5.31)%,respectively,which were higher than those in the expert demonstration model,the difference was statistically significant(t=3.741,4.385,6.551,7.620,4.563,P<0.05).The achievement rates of quality index,progress index,social benefit index and cost-benefit index of medical equipment procurement in the quantitative evaluation model were(96.15±4.08)%,(96.41±2.37)%,(92.77±3.89)% and(93.06±4.33)%,respectively,which were higher than those in the expert demonstration model,the difference was statistically significant(t=4.156,4.562,5.014,4.069,P<0.05).The clinical satisfaction scores of medical equipment users of medical equipment in the quantitative evaluation model for large medical equipment,life support and first aid equipment,laboratory testing equipment,surgical treatment equipment and other medical equipment were(90.24±1.89)points,(93.45±2.64)points,(95.67±3.64)points and(93.82±2.55)points and(97.25±3.89)points,respectively,which were higher than those in the expert demonstration model,the difference was statistically significant(t=3.678,4.079,2.845,3.628,5.023,P<0.05).Conclusion:The quantitative evaluation system can standardize the procurement process of medical equipment,improve the achievement rate of the performance target of medical equipment procurement,and improve the clinical service level of medical equipment.

Study on the Establishment of Risk Evaluation Index System in Clinical Surgery Department / 中国医院管理

Objective To establish the risk assessment index system of clinical surgery department and determine the weight of each index,so as to provide reference for hospital performance management department.Methods Delphi method was used to construct the risk assessment index system of clinical surgery department,and the weight of each index was calculated by analytic hierarchy process.Results The risk assessment index system of clinical surgery departments was successfully constructed,including 4 first-level indicators,12 second-level indicators and 33 third-level indicators.Conclusion Clinical surgical department risk evaluation index system can more reasonably and fairly reflect the clinical risk borne by the surgical department,but also can more truly reflect the results of clinical department performance assessment,which is conducive to the reform of the hospital's internal performance appraisal and distribution system is more rational.

Challenges and principled responses to privacy protection from biometric technology in China

Biometric technology has transformed human biological characteristics into a new form of privacy, and the misuse of this technology poses challenges to protecting this new privacy. This article initially defines biometric technology and biometric characteristics, further demonstrating why biometric characteristics belong to personal privacy and how biometric technology poses challenges to its protection. Through analysis, this article argues that the essence of these challenges is the conflicts between the ethical principle of privacy protection and the ethical principle of maximizing social benefits. In order to address these challenges, it is necessary first to weigh the fundamental ethical principles. The two basic principles of privacy protection and maximizing social benefits are not mutual antagonism but hierarchy, and this hierarchy should be based on the principle of practical feasibility. That is, applying biometric technology should first meet the principle of practical feasibility and, on this premise, realize the principle of maximizing social benefits based on not infringing on the principle of privacy protection.

La tecnología biométrica ha transformado las características biológicas humanas en una nueva forma de privacidad, y el uso indebido de esta tecnología plantea desafíos a su protección. En este artículo se define inicialmente la tecnología biométrica y las características biométricas; se demuestra además por qué las características biométricas pertenecen a la privacidad personal y cómo la tecnología biométrica plantea retos para su protección. Este artículo argumenta que la esencia de estos retos es el conflicto entre el principio ético de protección de la privacidad y el de maximización de los beneficios sociales. Para abordar estos retos es necesario sopesar primero los principios éticos fundamentales. Los dos principios básicos de protección de la privacidad y maximización de los beneficios sociales no son antagónicos, sino jerárquicos, y esta jerarquía debe basarse en el principio de viabilidad práctica. Es decir, la aplicación de la tecnología biométrica debe cumplir primero el principio de viabilidad práctica y, a partir de esta premisa, realizar el principio de maximización de los beneficios sociales sobre la base de no infringir el principio de protección de la intimidad.

A tecnologia biométrica transformou as características biológicas humanas em uma nova forma de privacidade, e o mal uso dessa tecnologia apresenta desafios para proteger essa nova privacidade. Esse artigo inicialmente define tecnologia biométrica e características biométricas, demonstrando posteriormente por que características biométricas pertencem à privacidade pessoal e como tecnologia biométrica coloca desafios à sua proteção. Através de análise, esse artigo discute que a essência desses desafios é o conflito entre o princípio ético da proteção da privacidade e o princípio ético de maximizar benefícios sociais. De forma a visar esses desafios é necessário primeiro ponderar os princípios éticos fundamentais. Os dois princípios básicos de proteção da privacidade e de maximizar benefícios sociais não são mutuamente antagônicos mas hierárquicos, e essa hierarquia deve ser baseada no princípio da viabilidade prática. Isso é, aplicar tecnologia biométrica deve primeiro atender ao princípio da viabilidade prática e, nessa premissa, compreender o princípio de maximizar benefícios sociais com base em não infringir o princípio de proteção da privacidade.

Expedition of the Emergent Disputable Women in Manju Kapur's Novels

All domains of the woman's growth, social, political and psychological study helps to explore the expedition of the emergent disputable women in developing India. The icon of women presented under analysis is determined, challenging, daring, dissipated, power-hungry and bold. As Swami Vivekanandha declared: “Educate your women first and leave them to themselves”, Kapur's women use education as bludgeon to win and shape men to their view-point and get the best out of them. In Kapur's novels the concept of traditional Indian woman becomes out dated and the modern woman turns into trendy. In the present scenario, the educated women govern and tackle the problem daringly to reach their emancipation.

Extraction of effective components of Psoralea corylifolia and efficacy evaluation in the treatment of vitiligo / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To extract the effective components of Psoralea corylifolia and evaluate its efficacy in the treatment of vitiligo. METHODS The concentrations of psoralen， isopsoralen， neobavaisoflavone， corylin， psoralidin， corylifolinin， and bakuchiol in P. corylifolia extract were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Based on the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and Plackett-Burman design， with the concentrations of the 7 components as evaluation indexes and the crushing degree， ethanol concentration， and soaking time as factors， the extraction process of P. corylifolia was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface methodology and the validation test was conducted. Zebrafish were divided into blank control group， positive control group （8-methoxypsoralen， 10.8 μg/mL）， and low-， medium-， and high-concentration groups of P. corylifolia extract （500， 1 000， 2 000 μg/mL）， with 6 fish in each group. The effects of P. corylifolia extract on the melanin production of zebrafish were studied by density analysis. RESULTS The best extraction process was P. corylifolia powder over 60 meshes and soaked in 80% ethanol for 72 hours. The average comprehensive score of three validation experiments was 98.27， with an RSD of 1.36%， and the relative error was 1.02% compared with the predicted value of the fitting equation （97.28）. Compared with the blank control group， the melanin pigmentation of zebrafish in the low-， medium-， and high-concentration groups of P. corylifolia extract was significantly increased （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The optimized extraction process of P. corylifolia is reasonable and feasible， and the obtained P. corylifolia extract can significantly promote the production of melanin in zebrafish.

Optimization of the extraction process for Xuelian yishen formula by the combination of entropy weight method-analytic hierarchy process with Box-Behnken response surface methodology / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process of Xuelian yishen formula. METHODS The contents of total flavone， echinacoside and acteoside， and extraction yield in Xuelian yishen formula were chosen as indexes， entropy weight method-analytic hierarchy process was adopted to determine the weight coefficient. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction process of Xuelian yishen formula with extraction time， solid-liquid ratio and extraction times as factors， using comprehensive score of above indexes as index. RESULTS The optimal extraction process of Xuelian yishen formula was extraction time of 2 h， solid-liquid ratio of 1∶12， extracting for 3 times. Average comprehensive score of 3 validation tests was 96.40 points （RSD＝0.28%）， the deviation of which with predictive value was 0.98%. CONCLUSIONS The optimized extraction process is stable， feasible and reproducible， which can provide reference for the extraction process of Xuelian yishen formula.

Construction of evaluation index system for scientific research ability of hospital pharmacists and analysis of its reliability and validity / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To construct the evaluation index system for scientific research ability of hospital pharmacists， and provide reference for the improvement of hospital pharmacists’ scientific research ability and the formulation of relevant scientific research policies. METHODS The relevant indexes of scientific research evaluation of hospital pharmacists were extracted by literature analysis， and consultation questionnaire was designed according to Likert grade 5 scoring method. Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of questionnaire consultation for 28 experts， and the weight of each index was determined by analytic hierarchy process. The reliability and validity of index system were analyzed by questionnaire survey. RESULTS After two rounds of expert correspondence， evaluation index system for scientific research ability of hospital pharmacists was finally determined from three core dimensions： basic scientific research ability， scientific research achievements and transformation ability， academic influence and personnel training （including 11 sub-dimensions and 34 measurement items）. The weight value of each dimension index was determined. The result of reliability and validity analysis confirmed the scientific rationality of the index system. CONCLUSIONS The established evaluation index system for scientific research ability of hospital pharmacists is innovative， comprehensive and scientific. The index system model can provide reference for the improvement of hospital pharmacists’ scientific research ability and the formulation of relevant scientific research policies.

Construction of post competency model of human organ donation coordinators based on onion model / 器官移植

Objective To construct a scientific and rational post competency model of human organ donation coordinators. Methods Based on the onion model, the index pool was initially constructed by literature research and behavioral event interview. The index system was screened, modified and improved using Delphi method. The weight of indexes at all levels was determined by analytic hierarchy process. Results The effective response rates of two rounds of Delphi expert inquiries were both 100%, indicating that the expert opinions were highly dependable. The experts' judgment coefficient (Ca), familiarity (Cs) and authoritative coefficient (Cr) were all above 0.7, indicating that the experts' opinions were highly reliable. The expert coordination coefficients (W) were 0.294 and 0.342 (both P<0.001), indicating that experts delivered coordinated opinions and yielded slight difference in understanding the importance of indexes. Finally, according to the "onion model" theory and experts' opinions, a set of coordinator's post competency model including 6 first-level and 55 second-level indexes was established, which comprised an index surface layer, a middle layer and a core layer. Among them, the core layer represented core professional values, the middle layer was personal quality and professional ethics and quality, and the surface layer was interpersonal communication capability, organizational cooperation capability and professional knowledge and lifelong learning capability. Conclusions The post competency model of organ donation coordinators established in this study consists of 6 first-level and 55 second-level indexes, which is highly effective and reliable.