RESUMO
Objective To investigate the effects of high energy enteral nutrition (EN) on nutritional status and immune function in patients with heart failure caused by pulmonary cardiac disease. Methods Eighty-six patients with heart failure caused by pulmonary heart disease were continuously collected from March 2017 to March 2018 in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Taizhou First People's Hospital, and they were divided into a high-energy EN group and a standard EN group according to the different use of EN preparations, each group with 43 cases. The high-energy EN group were treated with high energy EN solution TPF-T (Ruineng), and the standard EN group were treated with standard EN solution TP (Ruisu); the initial EN infusion velocity in all the patients was 25 mL/h, the calorific calorie would reach the target to 104.6-125.5 kJ·kg-1·d-1, and the protein would target to 1.5-2 g·kg-1·d-1 within 3 days;the blood glucose was controlled within the scope of 7.8-11.1 mmol/L. The differences in rates of calorie and protein goal targeting situations, nutritional status, inflammatory response and immune function were compared between the two groups. Results From the 3rd day to 7th day after EN application, the rates of calorie and protein goal targeted in the high-energy EN group were significantly higher than those in the standard EN group [calorie targeted rate: 69.77% (30/43) vs. 41.86% (18/43), protein targeted rate: 25.58% (11/43) vs. 11.63% (5/43), all P < 0.05]. With the extension of EN application, nutritional indexes such as albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA), transferrin (TRF), etc. and the immune indexes such as human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR positive rate, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG), etc. were persistently increased in both groups, reaching the peak values on the 7th day, and the indexes in high-energy EN group were significantly higher than those in the standard EN group [Alb (g/L): 36.43±5.81 vs. 33.79±5.34, PA (mg/L): 278.83±47.56 vs. 251.67±41.92, TRF (mg/L): 3.58±0.64 vs. 3.26±0.81, HLA-RD positive rate: (53.22±6.11)% vs. (50.21±5.69)%, IgA(mg/L): 165.34±40.13 vs. 141.54±38.76, IgG (mg/L): 4 990.68±881.66 vs. 4 211.75±861.54, all P < 0.05]. However, the levels of inflammatory factors such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in both groups were gradually decreased, reaching the valley values on the 7th day, and the indexes in high-energy EN group were significantly lower than those in the standard EN group [TNF-α(ng/L): 14.43±8.69 vs. 20.59±9.45, CRP (mg/L): 21.33±6.35 vs. 27.36±7.83, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion High energy EN not only can improve the nutritional status in patients with pulmonary heart failure, but also can reduce patients’ inflammation response and elevate their immune function.