Effect of resistance training exercise combined with high protein diet on body weight and muscle mass in underweight adolescent males

@#Introduction: Many underweight males take commercial protein supplements to increase their body weight and build muscle. Nonetheless, commercial protein supplements may cause adverse effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of resistance training exercise combined with a high protein diet on body weight and muscle mass in underweight adolescent males. Methods: A repeated measures design study was conducted on nine males aged 12-15 years with low body weight. Energy and protein requirements were calculated, and energy and protein consumptions were measured for each meal during the high protein diet without exercise (HP) period and the high protein diet with resistance exercise (HPE) period. Subjects engaged in three resistance training sessions each week during HP-E period, for eight weeks. Dietary intake, body composition, blood biochemistry, physical fitness, and self-esteem were assessed. Results: In HP-E period, resistance training exercise combined with a high protein intake (2.14 g/kg/d) increased body weight and lean tissue mass (LTM) by 0.5 kg and 0.5 kg, respectively. Resistance training during HP-E period increased arm, leg, and trunk muscle strength by 20.2%, 7.2%, and 14.5%, respectively, more than high protein diet alone during HP period. High protein intake in HP-E period did not affect blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels (11.0 mg/dL and 0.70 mg/dL, respectively). Conclusion: Eight weeks of resistance training combined with a high protein diet increased body weight and LTM without adverse effects. In particular, resistance exercise predominantly increased muscle strength. Kidney function was not affected by high protein consumption throughout this study.

Effects of protein-enriched meal on triglyceride, uric acid and renal function among overweight and obese adults / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of protein-enriched meal on uric acid and renal function among overweight and obese Chinese adults during weight loss. Methods People, 18-55 yearsold, with body mass index 25-35 kg/m2 and triglycerides 1.7-5.4 mmol/L were enrolled. Major exclusion criteria were: type 2 diabetes, weight reducing surgery or use of weight loss drugs, chronic kidney disease, and hepatic dysfunction. A high-protein (HP) diet (protein energy ratio was 30%) or a standard-protein (SP) diet (protein energy ratio was 15%) was provided to eligible subjects for 12 weeks (84 days). Energy intake was calculated by Katch-McArdle formula:basal metabolic rate=370+21.6 × lean body mass (kg) and coefficient of variation. All the subjects were followed up at day 0,week 4,week 8,and week12. The changes of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterin (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid (UA), blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre) were determined at day 0, week 4, and week 12. Results Ninety-four subjects with HP (n=49) or SP (n=45) were enrolled, and seven subjects were withdrawn for refusing the following visit. The average age was (42.68±8.98) years in HP group, and (41.09±9.67) years in SP group (P>0.05). At week 12, the BMI drop was significant in both groups from baseline, but with no significant difference between the two groups. The decreases of TG (mmol/L) at 4 weeks and 12 weeks were significant compared with the baseline (0 d, 4weeks, 12 weeks:HP:2.18±1.18, 1.77±0.82, 1.86±0.83;SP:2.60±2.67, 2.03±1.28, 1.92±0.79) (P<0.05),but with no significant difference between the two groups. Compared with the baseline, the decrease of UA (mmol/L) at 4 weeks in HP group was significant (0 d, 4 weeks, 12 weeks:HP:326.12± 88.31, 294.76 ± 106.57,307.15 ± 94.70;SP:325.62 ± 87.16,321.51 ± 101.19,315.71 ± 86.77) (P<0.05). The BUN and CRE in both groups increased slightly compared to baseline level, but remained in the normal range. Conclusion Comparison of HP and SP groups showed that renal function did not change significantly, the levels of UA in HP group decreased significantly than that in SP group.

Change of dietary intake before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To explore the change of dietary intake and nutritional status before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric patients to assess the importance of nutritional interventions.Methods In this observational cohort study,65 children undergoing HSCT between January 2012 and November 2012 in the Department of Hematology and Oncology,Shanghai Children's Medical Center were enrolled.The data collected before preconditioning were considered as the baseline data.We also collected data twice a week between preconditioning and 30 days after HSCT,and once a week from 30 days to 100 days after HSCT.Dietary analysis and urea nitrogen analysis were conducted in parallel.Results The baseline level of energy intake was (5 844.9 ±2 490.4) kJ/d,protein intake was (56.4 ±28.6) g/d,fat intake was (49.7 ±38.9) g/d,and carbohydrate intake was (190.9 ± 91.1) g/d.With the hematopoietic reconstruction,the oral nutrients intake significantly decreased compared with the baseline levels (all P =0.000).During the recovery period after HSCT,the energy intake showed no significant difference when compared with the baseline level in the 6th postoperative week,protein in the 13th week,carbohydrate in the 4th week,and fat in the 6th week.The urine nitrogen was (3.9 ± 2.4) g/d before HSCT,which increased to (16.7 ± 11.0) g/d after preconditioning (P=0.000).In the 1st postoperative week,the weight (P =0.000),triceps skin fold thickness (P =0.003),mid-upper arm circumference (P =0.000),serum albumin (P =0.000) and prealbumin (P =0.000) of the patients all significantly decreased compared with the baseline levels.In the 9th postoperative week,the fat-free body weight percentage (P =0.010),muscle percentage (P =0.001) and protein percentage (P =0.000) were significantly lower than the baseline levels,while the body fat percentage was higher than the baseline level (P =0.002).Conclusions Children undergoing HSCT exhibit a marked reduction in nutrient intakes at the early stage of HSCT,which may gradually return normal during the recovery period.This process may be slow,especially for the protein,and therefore may affect the serum protein level in these pediatric patients.Thus,more careful nutrition guidance is necessary during HSCT for pediatric patients,emphasizing oral nutrients intakes,and high protein dietary or formula may be helpful.

Protein intake and the use of levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease / Ingesta de proteínas y el uso de la levodopa en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson

Levodopa is the principal pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD); however the protein content in diet may compromise its effectiveness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of protein intake and the use of levodopa in ambulatory patients with PD. Thirty four PD patients were assessed for protein intake, evaluating the relation energy-protein intake by means of a register. An intake of 1762 kcal/day, 70.9 g of protein/day equivalent to 16.6% of the total energy intake as protein at a level of 1.1 g/kg bw/day. Of all patients, 47.1% took their medications with meals. We conclude that the studied patients consume more protein in their diet than those recommended for PD, with half the sample taking the medications with meals, which may affect the treatment.

La levodopa es el principal tratamiento farmacológico para la enfermedad de Parkinson, sin embargo, la proteína de la dieta puede comprometer su eficacia. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la ingesta de proteínas y el uso de la levodopa en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson tratados en régimen ambulatorio, 34 pacientes fueron evaluados. Evaluación de la ingesta de alimentos por los registros, tomas de 1762 kcal/día, 70.9 g/día, el 16,6% del total de energía y 1.1 g/kg/dia de energía y proteína, respectivamente, y que la ingesta de proteínas durante el día era 70,4% del total de proteínas diario. Todos los pacientes estaban tomando levodopa y 47,1% consumían sus medicamentos con las comidas. Se concluyó que, según las recomendaciones para la enfermedad de Parkinson, los pacientes estudiados consumían una dieta rica en proteínas y con una mayor concentración de este nutriente durante el día. Aproximadamente la mitad de la muestra ingiere los medicamentos con la comida, costumbre que puede afectar el tratamiento farmacológico de la enfermedad.

Effect of High Protein Diet and Resveratrol Supplementation on the Nutritional Status and Immunoreactivity in the Irradiation-induced Inflammatory Rats

Most cancer patients are treated with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation as anticancer therapies. Especially in the case of radiation, these treatments produce adverse effects such as vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, normal cell damage and malabsorption. The major goal of this study was to determine the effect of irradiation on the nutritional and immune status in irradiated rats. A secondary goal was to determine the effectiveness of high protein diet (HP) and resveratrol (Res) in minimizing the adverse effects of radiation. Rats were divided into four groups: normal diet (NP), HP, NP + Res and HP + Res groups. Each group was further divided into subgroups that received radiation (RT group) and one that did not (non-RT group). Each diet was supplied from 12th day prior to irradiation treatment with irradiation dose of 17.5 Gy. The diets were continued until 10th day after radiation treatment and animals were sacrificed. The radiation treatment showed decreased body weight, serum protein and HDL levels and increased TG and LDL levels in nutritional status. HP, NP + Res and HP + Res groups reduced the level of serum LDL and TG in irradiated rats. NP + Res and HP + Res groups increased reduced albumin level of serum in RT group. In case of immune status, the radiation treat-ment showed decreased WBC, lymphocytes and increased neutrophil and eosinophil levels. The levels of serum IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly increased by radiation, however the cytokine levels decreased in all dietary treatment groups. These results showed that high protein diet and resveratrol supplementation seem to minimize the adverse effects of radiation on lipid nutritional status and inflammation response in the rat model.

Comparison of Blood and Urine Renal Indices Between Hypercalciuric and Non-hypercalciuric Hematuria Patients

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hypercalciuria patients with hematuria show different renal indices compared to non-hypercalciuria patients with hematuria. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with gross or microscopic hematuria whose blood chemistry and 24 hour urine chemistry were examined. After excluding the patients with more than 4 mg/m2/day proteinuria or the patients with urinary calcium excretion between 3 and 4 mg/kg/day, we divided the patients into two groups: a hypercalciuria group whose calcium excretion was more than 4 mg/kg/day(n=30) and a non- hypercalciuria group whose calcium excretion was less than 3 mg/kg/day(n=41). The urinary excretion, clearance, and fractional excretion(FE) of Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, urea, and creatinine were calculated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The hypercalciuria group had more calcium excretion(6.1+/-2.9 vs 1.5+/-0.9 mg/kg/day), more urea excretion(341+/-102 vs 233+/-123 mg/kg/day), greater glomerular filtration rate(GFR) (93.7+/-31.1 vs 79.5+/-32.0 mL/min) but lower FENa(1.0+/-0.4% vs 1.3+/-0.6%) than the nonhypercalciuria group, although the urinary sodium excretion was similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The greater urea excretion and GFR in hypercalciuric patients suggest that they might be on a higher protein diet than the non-hypercalciuria group. The increased glomerular filtration of sodium and calcium induced by the higher GFR in hypercalciuria would have increased their delivery to the distal tubule, where sodium is effectively reabsorbed but calcium is not, which is suggested by the lower FENa but higher FECa in hyercalciuria. It is recommended that the diet of hematuria patients be reviewed in detail at initial presentation and during treatment.

Effects of High Protein Diet on Pharmacokinetics of Gatifloxacin on Dogs / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of high protein diet on pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin.METHODS:A randomized crossover design was performed in 8 Beagle dogs.In the two study periods,a single oral 17 mg?kg-1 dose was administered to empty stomach or with high protein diet in dogs.Plasma concentration of gatifloxacin were measured by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97.RESULTS:The concentration-time curves were a one compartment model in empty stomach or with high protein diet in beagle dogs.The t1/2ke were(4.00?0.84)and(9.28?1.32)h,tmax(2.29?1.08)and(4.98?2.76)h,Cmax(6.06?0.87)and(3.42?1.20)?g?mL-1,AUC(0～t)(56.74?10.80)and(68.66?15.92)?g?h?mL-1,respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups in the main pharmacokinetic parameters(P

Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Changes of Biochemical Parameters according to Protein Intake Levels in Hemodialysis Patients / 대한신장학회잡지

It is well recognized that malnutrition is one of the most important reversible factors contributing to mortality in hemodialysis patients. Until recently, highprotein diets were recommended for hemodialysis patients in an attempt to increase the synthesis of albumin and to promote the anabolism of body protein. However, the appropriateness of this recommendation has recently been questioned. This study investigated the effects of low and high protein intakes on the levels of serum albumin, total protein, BUN, and creatinine in 28 hemodialysis patients fed sequentially 1.0g(LPG) or 1.5g(HPG) protein and 30-35kcal/kg/ ideal body weight for four weeks. The HPG diet was associated with a significant increase in the levels of serum albumin, total protein, BUN, and creatinine however, the LPG diet was not. The serum levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol were in the normal range and did not changed by the diets. The levels of serum Hb, iron, and transferrin were lower than the normal values and did not changed by these two diets. Though individual considerations are recommended, it is possible that the high protein diet could increase the levels of serum albumin and total protein of the hemodialysis patients in Korea.

Effect of high-protein diet on the glomerular filtration rate in the adult and the elderly.

A high-protein meal causes an increase in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and can be used to assess renal functional reserve. Renal function can be affected by aging. This study was aimed at assessing GFR and renal functional reserve in healthy elderly Thais in comparison with young adults. Twenty elderly subjects aged 60-80 years, and 20 young subjects aged 20-30 years, were recruited ; each group included 10 males and 10 females. A 24 hour urine specimen was collected from each subject. Venous blood was drawn to measure serum creatinine concentration. Creatinine clearance, which represented GFR, was calculated. Each subject consumed a meal containing 1.5 grams of protein per kg BW. Urine and blood specimens were collected at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes after the meal for GFR assessment. The results showed that the elderly had a lower GFR compared with the young (70.8+ 14.5 vs 85.6+ 16.2 ml/min/1.73 m2). A high-protein meal caused an increase in GFR of 155+ 63 per cent in the young and 88+ 49 per cent in the aged. In conclusion, healthy elderly subjects showed a lower GFR and less renal functional reserve compared with young adults.