The effect of wilderness and medical training on injury and altitude preparedness among backcountry hikers in Rocky Mountain National Park / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to document the correlation between medical and wilderness training with levels of preparedness for acute mountain sickness (AMS), illness, and injury among backcountry hikers. METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional, convenience survey in Rocky Mountain National Park in July and August 2015. The study group consisted of 380 hikers who completed a written survey that collected information about demographics, wilderness experience, altitude experience, hiking equipment, communications devices, and trip planning. RESULTS:Factors such as wilderness training (wilderness first aid [WFA], wilderness first responder [WFR], or wilderness emergency medical technician [WEMT]), wilderness experience, and altitude experience all affected hikers' emergency preparedness. Respondents with medical training were more prepared to avoid or respond to AMS (62.3％ vs. 34.3％ [P<0.001]). They were also more prepared to avoid or manage injury/illness than hikers without medical training (37.7％vs. 20.7％ [P=0.003]). Participants with wilderness training were more likely to be prepared to avoid or respond to AMS (52.3％ vs. 36.8％ [P=0.025]) but not significantly more likely to be prepared to manage illness/injury (31.8％ vs. 22.0％ [P<0.11]). Adjusting for experience, wilderness training, age, and gender, we found that medical training was associated with increased preparedness for AMS (OR 2.72; 95％ CI 1.51–4.91) and injury/illness (OR 2.71; 95％ CI 1.5–4.89). CONCLUSION:Medically trained hikers were more likely to be prepared to avoid or manage AMS, medical emergencies, and injuries than their non-medically trained counterparts. Wilderness training increased hikers' preparedness for AMS but did not significantly alter preparedness for illness/injury.

Transformações no modelo de corridas de rua no Brasil: um estudo na Prova Rústica Tiradentes / Changes in street racing model in Brazil: a study in "Tiradentes Rustic Proof"

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar as principais transformações ocorridas nos mais de 40 anos da Prova Rústica Tiradentes, corrida de rua realizada na cidade de Maringá. Foram realizadas 8 (oito) entrevistas semiestruturadas com corredores que participaram de diversos momentos da história desta prova. Constataram-se transformações em relação à participação do público, estrutura do evento, perfil dos participantes, desempenho dos atletas, além do início de cobrança de taxas de inscrições. A título de conclusão o artigo aponta que estas transformações são advindas da mudança no perfil dos participantes da prova maringaense...(AU)

This study aimed to analyze the main changes that occurred in more than 40 years of "Tiradentes Rustic Proof " street race held in the city of Maringá. They were held eight (8) semi-structured interviews with runners who participated in various moments in the history of this event. Changes were noted in relation to public participation, structure, the profile of the participants, the performance of athletes and the beginning of recovery rates of enrollment of participants. In conclusion the article points out that these changes are coming from the change in the profile of the maringaense race participants...(AU)

Método dinamométrico para avaliação da escora em barcos tipo Catamaran / Dynamometric method for the evaluation of hiking in Catamaran boats

Este estudo tem como objetivo propor e validar um método de medição da distância de escora ("De") e do momento de escora ("Me"), através do uso de plataformas de força para barcos tipo Catamaran. O novo método propõe a medição por dinamometria, com o posicionamento de plataformas de força abaixo de cada casco, e a mensuração das Forças de Reação do Solo (FRS). Com base nas equações clássicas da estática são determinadas as variáveis "De" e "Me". Para validar o método proposto, foi utilizada a validação concorrente, através da comparação com os valores obtidos por cinemetria através do sistema "Peak Motus". Para correlação entre os dois métodos optou-se pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC). Foram analisadas diferentes posturas em duas diferentes inclinações do barco, simulando o adernamento do barco. Os resultados encontrados apontaram alta correlação (ICC > 0,99) e pequeno erro médio (1,00 por cento para "De" e 0,96 por cento para "Me") entre os métodos. Com isto, o método proposto se mostrou válido e eficiente, pois mensurou as variáveis de maneira rápida e precisa e se torna importante à medida que facilita a análise e auxilia a velejadores e técnicos na tomada de decisões.

This study aimed to propose and to validate a method for the measurement of hiking distance (Hd) and hiking moment (Hm) in Catamaran boats, through the use of force plates. This new method proposes the measurement by dynamometry, with the positioning of a force plate below each boat hoof to measure the Ground Reaction Forces (GRF). Based on the classic static equations Hd and Hm were determined. In order to validate the method a validation of competing was carried out through the comparison with kinematic values measured through the Peak Motus system. Intraclass correlation coeficient was used. Different positions in two different inclinations of the boat, simulating the boat heeling, had been analyzed. The results showed a high correlation (ICC > 0.99) and a small average error (1.00 percent for Hd and 0.96 percent for Hm) between the methods. Thus, the new method seems to be valid and efficient since it measured the variables in a fast and precise way, facilitating the analysis and assisting sailors and coaches on decision taking.