RESUMO
Este estudo caso-controle teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que modificam o risco de câncer de próstata em pacientes de um hospital público da Paraíba. Dados de 91 pacientes e 91 controles saudáveis pareados por idade (± 5 anos) foram obtidos de prontuários médicos e entrevistas pessoais. A razão de chance e os intervalos de confiança foram determinados por meio de análise de regressão. Pacientes e controles tinham em média 69,56 (DP = 8,31) e 68,32 (DP = 7,68) anos (p = 0,297). Afrodescendentes e homens que já fumaram, tiveram um risco 4,150 e 3,939 vezes maior (p <0,001; p <0,001). A história familiar aumentou o risco 6,967 vezes (p <0,001). Ascendência africana, tabagismo e história familiar aumentaram o risco de câncer de próstata. As recomendações das autoridades de saúde em relação ao rastreamento do câncer de próstata poderiam se concentrar mais nos homens com esses fatores de risco.
This case-control study aimed on the identification of factors that modified prostate cancer risk of patients in a public hospital of Paraíba. Data from 91 patients with prostate cancer and 91 age- matched (±5 years) healthy controls were obtained from medical records and personal interviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using regression analysis. Patients and controls were on average 69.56 (SD= 8.31) and 68.32 (SD= 7.68) years old (p = 0.297). In a model of multiple regression analysis, Afrodescendants and men who ever smoked had a 4.150 and 3.939 times increased risk (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Family history of first- degree relatives was associated with a 6.967 (p < 0.001) increased risk of prostate cancer. African ancestry, smoking and family history increased the risk of prostate cancer. Recommendations of health authorities regarding prostate cancer screening could stronger focus on men with these risk factors.
RESUMO
Introducción.La hipercolesterolemia en los padres sería mejor predictor de hipercolesterolemia en niños que la historia clínica familiar. Objetivos. Comparar las fuerzas de asociación y los valores de predicción de la hipercolesterolemia en padres y la historia clínica familiar positiva con la hipercolesterolemia en hijos. Material y métodos. Estudio analítico, transversal. Se dosó colesterolemia en niños ≥ 6 y < 12 años y sus padres biológicos. Se realizó una encuesta a los padres. Se evaluó la asociación mediante el cálculo de odds ratio. Se determinó su valor de predicción. Se estudió la relación entre la hipercolesterolemia en padres y en hijos usando la regresión multinivel. Resultados. Se evaluaron 332 niños, 304 madres y 206 padres. El análisis entre uno/ambos progenitores con colesterolemia ≥ 240 mg/dl y niños ≥ 200 mg/dl mostró OR= 6,40; IC95 % =2,85-14,48; p <0,0001; sensibilidad= 69 %; espedhcidad= 74 %; valor predictivo positivo (VPP)= 34 %; valor predictivo negativo (VPN)= 93 %; razones de verosimilitud positiva (RVP)= 2,69; negativa (RVN)= 0,42. La historia clínica familiar vs. niños con colesterolemia ≥ 200 arrojó OR= 1,86; IC95 %= 0,84-4,11; p= 0,1272; sensibilidad= 69 %; especificidad= 46 %; VPP= 19 %; VPN= 89 %; RVP= 1,27; RVN= 0,68. Los hijos tuvieron 2,9 y 2,5 más mg/dl de colesterol por cada 10 mg/dl de aumento en colesterol en madres y padres, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La hipercolesterolemia en padres se asoció significativamente con la hipercolesterolemia en hijos y mostró mayor poder de predicción que la historia clínica familiar positiva.
Introduction. Parental hypercholesterolemia would be a better predictor of hypercholesterolemia than family medical history in children. Objectives. To compare the strength of association and predictive values of parental hypercholesterolemia versus a positive family history in pediatric hypercholesterolemia. Material and methods. Cross-sectional, analytical study. Cholesterol levels were measured in children aged ≥ 6 and < 12 years and in their biological parents. A survey was administered to parents. The association was estimated using the odds ratio (OR), and its predictive value was determined. The relationship between hypercholesterolemia in parents and their children was studied with multilevel regression. Results. A total of 332 children, 304 mothers, and 206 fathers were assessed. A cholesterol level ≥ 240 mg/dL in one or both parents and ≥ 200 mg/dL in children showed: OR= 6.40; 95 % confidence interval (CI)= 2.85-14.48; p < 0.0001; sensitivity= 69 %; specihcity= 74 %; positive predictive value (PPV)= 34 %; negative predictive value (NPV)= 93 %; positive likelihood ratio (LR+)= 2.69; negative likelihood ratio (LR-)= 0.42. Family medical history versus children with cholesterol level ≥ 200 showed: OR= 1.86; 95 % CI= 0.84-4.11; p= 0.1272; sensitivity= 69 %; specihcity= 46 %; PPV= 19 %; NPV= 89 %; LR+= 1.27; LR-= 0.68. Cholesterol was 2.9 and 2.5 mg/dL higher per every 10 mg/dL of increased cholesterol in mothers and fathers, respectively. Conclusions: Parental hypercholesterolemia was significantly associated with hypercholesterolemia in children and showed a higher predictive power than a positive family medical history.