História da construção de saberes em enfermagem traumato-ortopédica / History of knowledge construction in trauma and orthopedic nursing care / Historia de la construcción del conocimiento en enfermería traumatológica ortopédica

Objetivo: analisar o desenvolvimento da enfermagem traumato-ortopédica a partir da primeira turma de residentes de um hospital especializado. Método: o estudo seguiu a metodologia histórica com abordagem qualitativa. As fontes foram documentos escritos e orais. Resultados: trabalhar em uma instituição especializada foi o ponto de partida para a busca por especialização de enfermeiras atuantes no cuidado traumato-ortopédico, que perceberam o saber/poder adquirido no trabalho assistencial, além da intenção de qualificar a assistência e elevar o hospital a instituto. Estratégias empregadas reúnem a busca por parcerias com instituições universitárias e associativas, além da criação de uma associação própria. Considerações finais: a enfermagem traumato-ortopédica ampliou seu espaço científico ao criar um curso de especialização com uma unidade acadêmica. Foi possível delimitar o poder acadêmico e institucional da enfermagem na instituição de saúde pela formação de enfermeiras especialistas constituindo um grupo de reconhecido pelo saber científico.

Objective: to analyze the development of trauma and orthopedic nursing care from the very first class of residents of a specialized hospital. Method: historical methodology study with a qualitative approach. The sources consisted of written and oral documents. Results: working in a specialized institution was the starting point for nurses who were seeking specialization in the field of trauma and orthopedic care as they noticed the power-knowledge acquired through care work, plus they were willing to improve assistance and take the hospital up to an institute level. Strategies used include the search for partnerships with universities and associative-type institutions, in addition to creating their own association. Final considerations: trauma and orthopedic nursing care expanded its scientific space by creating a specialization course together with an academic unit. It was possible to define the academic and institutional power of the nursing staff in the health institution by considering the training process of its nurse specialists, who consisted of a group recognized for their scientific knowledge.

Objetivo: analizar el desarrollo de la enfermería traumatológica ortopédica a partir del primer grupo de residentes de un hospital especializado. Método: estudio con metodología histórica con un enfoque cualitativo. Las fuentes fueron documentos escritos y orales. Resultados: el trabajo en una institución especializada fue el punto de partida para la búsqueda de la especialización de las enfermeras que trabajaban en la atención traumatológica ortopédica, quienes notaron el saber/poder adquirido en el trabajo asistencial, además de la intención de cualificar la atención y elevar el hospital al nivel de instituto. Las estrategias empleadas incluyen la búsqueda de alianzas con instituciones universitarias y asociaciones, y la creación de una asociación propia. Consideraciones finales: la enfermería traumatológica ortopédica amplió su espacio científico mediante la creación de un curso de especialización con una unidad académica. Se logró delimitar el poder académico e institucional de la enfermería en la institución de salud a través de la formación de enfermeros especialistas, que es un grupo reconocido por el conocimiento científico.

Integrating neuroscience and humanities in healthcare evolution: a multidisciplinary perspective / Integração das neurociências e das ciências humanas na evolução dos cuidados de saúde: uma perspetiva multidisciplinar

The trajectory of healthcare has evolved from ancient holistic practices to the present biomedical model, reflecting the dynamic interplay between scientific progress, technological advancements, and the integration of humanistic values. While biomedical advancements have revolutionized medical treatments, there is an emerging recognition of the importance of integrating neuroscience and humanities to foster holistic patient care and understanding. This paper aims to explore the historical development of medicine, emphasizing the convergence of neuroscience, psychiatry, and neurology within the biomedical framework. Additionally, it investigates the resurgence of humanities in healthcare and its role in promoting patientcentered care. Through a comprehensive review of literature, this study traces the historical roots of medicine and examines the interdisciplinary intersections of neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and medical humanities. The exploration reveals the significant contributions of interdisciplinary approaches in enhancing patient-centered care, fostering a comprehensive understanding of health and well-being, and shaping modern healthcare practices. The integration of neuroscience and humanities offers valuable insights into the complexities of human health, bridging legacy practices with innovative approaches. Embracing this interdisciplinary perspective is crucial for promoting holistic healthcare, emphasizing patient-centered care, and enriching the understanding of health and well-being in contemporary healthcare settings.

A trajetória dos cuidados de saúde evoluiu das antigas práticas holísticas para o atual modelo biomédico, reflectindo a interação dinâmica entre o progresso científico, os avanços tecnológicos e a integração de valores humanísticos. Embora os avanços biomédicos tenham revolucionado os tratamentos médicos, há um reconhecimento emergente da importância de integrar as neurociências e as humanidades para promover a compreensão e os cuidados holísticos dos doentes. Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar o desenvolvimento histórico da medicina, salientando a convergência da neurociência, da psiquiatria e da neurologia no quadro biomédico. Além disso, investiga o ressurgimento das humanidades nos cuidados de saúde e o seu papel na promoção de cuidados centrados no doente. Através de uma revisão exaustiva da literatura, este estudo traça as raízes históricas da medicina e examina as intersecções interdisciplinares da neurociência, psiquiatria, neurologia e humanidades médicas. A exploração revela os contributos significativos das abordagens interdisciplinares para melhorar os cuidados centrados no doente, promover uma compreensão abrangente da saúde e do bem-estar e moldar as práticas modernas de cuidados de saúde. A integração das neurociências e das humanidades oferece conhecimentos valiosos sobre as complexidades da saúde humana, fazendo a ponte entre práticas antigas e abordagens inovadoras. A adoção desta perspetiva interdisciplinar é crucial para promover cuidados de saúde holísticos, enfatizando os cuidados centrados no doente e enriquecendo a compreensão da saúde e do bem-estar nos contextos de cuidados de saúde contemporâneos.

Un padre olvidado de la Microbiología: Louis Joblot / A forgotten father of Microbiology

El microscopista francés Louis Joblot (1645-1723), contemporáneo de Antoine van Leeuwenhoek y Robert Hooke, puede ser considerado uno de los padres de la protistología/microbiología. Su obra titulada "Descripciones y usos de varios microscopios nuevos" de 1718 contiene varias extraordinarias imágenes de protozoos en movimiento y en división binaria. Lamentablemente, algunas imágenes de dicha obra contenían figuras fantásticas, por lo que su legado fue rápidamente obscurecido. Sus experimentos sobre el fenómeno de generación espontánea marcaron un hito en el desarrollo de este debate y se adelantaron en casi siglo y medio a los experimentos de Louis Pasteur.

The French microscopist Louis Joblot (1645-1723), a contemporary of Antoine van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke, he can be considered one of the fathers of protistology/microbiology. His work entitled "Descriptions and uses of various new microscopes" of 1718 contains several extraordinary images of protozoa in motion and in binary division. Unfortunately, some images of this work contained fantastic figures, so his legacy was quickly obscured. His experiments on the phenomenon of spontaneous generation marked a milestone in the development of this debate and anticipated Louis Pasteur's experiments by almost a century and a half.

Aspectos de la vida y obra del Dr. Bernardo Alberto Houssay / Aspects of the life and work of Dr. Bernardo Alberto Houssay

Con motivo del Día Mundial de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, se realizó en la Casa Museo Bernardo Houssay un conversatorio en el que expertos biógrafos resaltaron algunos aspectos de la trayectoria profesional del Premio Nobel de Medicina de 1947, destacando su actividad como investigador en fisiología y sus cualidades humanas. Estos importantes estudiosos del tema compartieron sus conocimientos en un selecto auditorio. (AU)

On the occasion of World Science and Technology Day, a discussion was held at the Bernardo Houssay House Museum in which expert biographers highlighted some aspects of the professional career of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Medicine, highlighting his activity as a researcher in physiology and his human qualities. These important scholars of the subject shared their knowledge in a select audience. (AU)

La cirugía de corazón: pasado, presente y futuro

Toda especialidad médica, y en especial las quirúrgicas, necesitan, de alguna manera, vislumbrar el futuro que puedan ofrecer a los miembros más jóvenes de la especialidad y eventuales interesados en esta, de manera de asegurarles las mejores posibilidades de desarrollo profesional y personal, para, a su vez, poder reclutar a los mejores. Empero, para imaginar y forjar el futuro, es necesario vivir y enfrentar el presente. Pero, todo presente se asienta en un pasado, que es necesario conocer y meditar. Y de esto trata este artículo especial: pasado, presente y futuro de la cirugía de corazón, desde la particular visión de su autor.

Every medical specialty, mainly surgical specialties, needs to envision the future they can offer to the specialty's younger members and those eventually interested in it to assure them of the best possibilities for professional and personal development and, in turn, to be able to recruit the best one. However, it is necessary to live and face the present to imagine and forge the future. But every present is based on a past, which must be known and meditated upon. This article is about the past, present, and future of heart surgery, according to the particular vision of its author.

Enseñanza de la Anatomía Humana en la Universidad Austral de Chile: Pasado, Presente y Futuro / Teaching of Human Anatomy at the Universidad Austral de Chile: Past, Present and Future

La presente revisión narrativa trata de caracterizar como ha sido el proceso de enseñanza de la anatomía en la Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), presentando una visión histórica desde los inicios de la Universidad a los tiempos actuales y una reflexión sobre el futuro de la Anatomía Humana. Se describen los orígenes del Instituto de Anatomía de la UACh, primeros académicos, logros institucionales, convenios interinstitucionales; además, se detallan los métodos y estrategias educativas utilizadas en la actualidad para la enseñanza anatómica y se presenta una visión panorámica del porvenir como instituto de docencia e investigación en el campo de la Anatomía humana.

SUMMARY: This narrative review tries to characterize how the anatomy teaching process has been carried out at the Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), presenting a historical vision from the beginnings of the University to the present time and a reflection on the future of Human Anatomy. The origins of the Human Anatomy Institute at the UACh, first academics, institutional achievements, inter-institutional agreements are described; in addition, the educational methods and strategies currently used for anatomical teaching are detailed and a panoramic vision of the future as a teaching and research institute in the field of human anatomy is presented.

El verdadero origen histórico del trauma cardíaco penetrante / The true historical origin of penetrating cardiac trauma

Introducción. Los traumatismos cardíacos son lesiones graves y con elevado índice de letalidad, aspecto que influye en el interés mostrado por los lectores cada vez que aparecen reportados en publicaciones científicas. En ocasiones existe cierto grado de incongruencia a la hora de establecer el origen histórico de sucesos o eventos ocurridos y relacionados con la historia de la medicina. En el caso del trauma cardíaco penetrante han sido descritos diversos orígenes en algunos de los artículos científicos publicados, lo cual puede generar un grado de duda en los lectores. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, médica y no médica, para buscar información que ayudara a esclarecer el verdadero origen histórico de esta entidad. Resultados. El trauma cardíaco penetrante fue descrito por primera vez en la obra griega titulada La Ilíada, escrita por Homero en el siglo VIII A.C., y no en El papiro quirúrgico de Edwin Smith, como varios autores mencionan. Conclusiones. De todos los eventos de trauma cardíaco penetrante descritos, el más irrefutable es el narrado en el canto XIII, donde se cuenta la muerte de Alcátoo, producto de una herida cardíaca ocasionada por una lanza arrojada por Idomeneo durante una batalla

Introduction. Cardiac traumatic injuries are serious injuries with a high lethality rate, an aspect that influences the interest shown by readers each time they appear reported in scientific publications. Sometimes there is a certain degree of inconsistency when it comes to establishing the historical origin of occurrences or events related to the history of medicine. In the case of penetrating cardiac trauma, different origins have been described in some of the published scientific articles, which may generate a degree of doubt in the readers. Methods. A review of the medical and non-medical literature was carried out to seek information that would help to clarify the true historical origin of this entity. Results. Penetrating cardiac trauma was first described in a Greek work entitled The Iliad, written by Homer in the 8th century B.C., and not in The Surgical Papyrus of Edwin Smith as several authors mention. Conclusions. Of all the events of penetrating cardiac trauma described, the most irrefutable is the one narrated in canto XIII, where it recounts the death of Alcathous product of a cardiac wound caused by a spear thrown by Idomeneo during a battle.

Ventajas y desventajas de la modalidad virtual de enseñanza-aprendizaje percibidas en un curso de semiología en una facultad de medicina de Lima, Perú / Advantages and disadvantages of the virtual teaching modality perceived by the students in an introduction to clinical medicine course of a school of medicine in Lima, Peru

RESUMEN La pandemia de la Covid 19 forzó a las facultades de medicina a optar por una metodología virtual de enseñanza por la suspensión de las prácticas presenciales con pacientes reales en los establecimientos de salud, debido al confinamiento social y riesgo de contagio. Objetivo Determinar las ventajas y desventajas percibidas por los estudiantes de medicina en relación con la transición de las prácticas presenciales en hospitales a las sesiones virtuales de aprendizaje en un curso de semiología en una facultad de medicina de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en estudiantes del 4to año de la carrera de Medicina. Los datos se recolectaron mediante una encuesta virtual no validada. Resultados 94 estudiantes respondieron la encuesta (tasa de respuesta: 51,1%). Las ventajas percibidas fueron: 57,4% tener mayor tiempo para estudio teórico y 38,3% en ahorro de tiempo en transporte y movilidad. Las desventajas fueron: 42,6% falta de contacto con pacientes reales y 39,4% no poder realizar una historia clínica adecuada. En cuanto al logro de objetivos de aprendizaje, el 72,3% consideró que logró identificar los problemas de salud del paciente, mientras que el 24,4% afirmó que logró realizar una adecuada historia clínica, y sólo el 9,6% que logró realizar un examen físico completo en pacientes. Conclusión La modalidad virtual de enseñanza permitió a los estudiantes tener más tiempo para revisar aspectos teóricos del curso, pero limitó la adquisición de habilidades prácticas, como realizar una anamnesis adecuada, presentar historias clínicas y examinar pacientes.

SUMMARY The COVID-19 pandemic forced the school of medicines to opt for a virtual teaching modality due to the suspension of face-to-face activities imposed by the lockdown. Objective To determine the advantages and disadvantages of the virtual teaching modality perceived by the students in an introduction to clinical medicine course of a school of medicine in Lima, Peru. Methods A virtual non-validated survey was circulated among fourth year medical students. Results 94 studentes answered the survey (51%). Perceived advantages were to have more time to study (57.4%) and saving time in transportation (39.4%). The disadvantages were lack of contact with real patients (42.6%) and not to be able to obtain a clinical history from patients (39.4%). The 72.3% of students were able to identify the medical problems of patients, but only 24.4% were able to obtain an adequate clinical history and just 9.6% performed an adequate physical examination. Conclusion The virtual teaching modality allowed the student to have more time for self-study but limited their abilities to obtain a clinical history and to perform a physical examination.

Health Management of an HIV Testing and Counseling Center: Nursing Contributions / Gestión en Salud de un Centro de Pruebas y Consejería para el VIH: Contribuciones de la Enfermería / Gestão em Saúde de um Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento de HIV: Contribuições da Enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the role of nursing in the establishment of an HIV/AIDS Testing and Counseling Center in a Brazilian municipality. Methods: a historical study utilizing primary sources, including documents and oral accounts, involving a total of ten participants. The study encompasses the years 1997 and 1998. The research took place at the Testing and Counseling Center in São João de Meriti. Data was collected from March to May 2022. Results: nursing made significant contributions through the development of training initiatives led by nurses, who were also responsible for individual and group counseling, as well as HIV testing requests. Final Considerations: nursing played a crucial role in the center and in the management of Sexually Transmitted Infections, being involved in all stages of treatment in accordance with current public health policy.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la participación de la enfermería en el proceso de creación del Centro de Pruebas y Consejería para personas con VIH/Sida de un municipio brasileño. Métodos: estudio histórico con fuentes directas constituidas por documentos y fuentes orales, sumando diez participantes. El periodo abarca los años 1997 y 1998. El escenario del estudio fue el Centro de Pruebas y Consejería de São João de Meriti. Los datos se recolectaron de marzo a mayo de 2022. Resultados: la enfermería contribuyó mediante el desarrollo de acciones de capacitación por parte del enfermero, que también era responsable de las actividades de asesoramiento individual y colectivo, además de la solicitud de exámenes anti-VIH. Consideraciones Finales: la enfermería representó una categoría responsable por acciones relevantes en el centro y en el control de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS), estando presente en todas las etapas del tratamiento en consonancia con la política pública de salud vigente.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a participação da enfermagem no processo de criação do Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento para pessoas com HIV/Aids de um município brasileiro. Métodos: estudo histórico com fontes diretas constituídas por documentos e fontes orais, totalizando dez participantes. O recorte compreende os anos de 1997 e 1998. O cenário de estudo foi o Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento de São João de Meriti. Os dados foram coletados de março a maio de 2022. Resultados: a enfermagem contribuiu por meio do desenvolvimento de ações de capacitação pelo enfermeiro, que também era responsável pelas atividades de aconselhamento individual e coletivo, além da solicitação de exame anti-HIV. Considerações Finais: a enfermagem representou uma categoria responsável por ações relevantes no centro e no controle das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, estando presente em todas as etapas do tratamento em consonância com a política pública de saúde vigente.

Apuntes para la historia de la alergología en Matanzas. 1961-2022

Introducción: La especialidad de alergología compite entre las más caras de la práctica médica en los países desarrollados, donde se promueve el criterio de que la alergia es una enfermedad de ricos y que los pobres no la padecen, cuando en realidad se trata de un problema de posibilidades de acceso a ese servicio. En Cuba, la alergología tiene una organización social diferente, comparada con otros países. Objetivo: Desarrollar un bosquejo histórico de la especialidad de alergología en la provincia de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: Fueron utilizados los métodos teóricos histórico-lógico y analítico-sintético, y los empíricos entrevista y análisis documental. Resultados: Se describe el comienzo de la especialidad de alergología en Matanzas en 1961, enfatizando en la figura del Dr. Gonzalo Álvarez Rodríguez como el primer alergólogo de la provincia. Se evidencia el desarrollo y salto cualitativo del servicio, y se recogen apuntes relacionados con su origen, formación de especialistas, progreso científico, condiciones de trabajo y ampliación de la cobertura a la población en estos años. Conclusiones: Con este trabajo se inició un recuento del origen y desarrollo de la alergología en Matanzas, que enriqueció la historia de la especialidad, como parte de los servicios de salud en la provincia.

Introduction: The specialty of Allergology competes among the most expensive in medical practice in developed countries, where the criterion is promoted that allergy is a disease of the rich and that the poor do not suffer from it, when in fact it is a problem of access possibilities to that service. In Cuba, the allergy specialty has a different social organization compared with other countries. Objective: To elaborate a historical outline of allergology in the province of Matanzas. Materials and methods: Historical-logical and analytical-synthetic theoretical methods were used, as well as interview and documentary analysis empirical ones. Results: The beginning of the specialty of Allergology is described, emphasizing the role of Dr. Gonzalo Álvarez Rodríguez as the first allergist in the province. The development and qualitative leap of the service was evidenced, and notes are collected related to its origin, training of specialists, scientific progress, working conditions and expansion of coverage to the population in these years. Conclusions: With this work, an account of the origin and development of allergology in Matanzas began, which enriched the history of the specialty as part of the health services in the province.

Un acercamiento al devenir histórico de la especialidad de Laboratorio Clínico en Villa Clara / An approach to the historical development of the Clinical Lab specialty in Villa Clara

Introducción: el conocimiento de la historia es necesario para dejar constancia del origen y desarrollo de las diferentes especialidades en Villa Clara. Objetivo: exponer una síntesis de elementos históricos sobre la especialidad de Laboratorio Clínico en Villa Clara, posterior al triunfo de la Revolución cubana y la evolución de dicha especialidad. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con análisis crítico-reflexivo sobre el contenido de los documentos. Fueron revisados los archivos de la especialidad, libros y materiales afines al tema tratado, se realizaron entrevistas al personal de laboratorio clínico para indagar sobre años anteriores y hasta la actualidad; se incluyeron las tesis de doctorado, maestrías, artículos originales y de revisión publicados entre 2005 y 2019 en español e inglés. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos SciELO y Google académico entre enero y marzo de 2020. Desarrollo: se expuso el devenir histórico de la referida especialidad en Villa Clara y los profesionales que participaron, se mostraron aspectos sobre la formación de los recursos humanos, la evolución de la especialidad y los nuevos retos. Conclusiones: se socializaron algunos elementos históricos sobre la especialidad de Laboratorio Clínico en Villa Clara, en la etapa posterior al triunfo de la Revolución cubana como reconocimiento a todos aquellos que contribuyeron al inicio y desarrollo de dicha especialidad que hoy cumple con los estándares de calidad exigidos.

Introduction: knowledge of history is necessary to record the origin and development of the different specialties in Villa Clara. Objective: present a synthesis of historical elements about the specialty of Clinical Laboratory in Villa Clara, after the triumph of the Cuban Revolution and the evolution of said specialty. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out with reflective critical analysis of the content of the bibliographies. The files of the specialty, books and materials related to the topic discussed were reviewed, interviews were conducted with clinical laboratory personnel to inquire about previous years and up to the present; Doctoral theses, master's degrees, original and review articles published from 2005 to 2019 in Spanish and English were included. The search was carried out in the SciELO and Google academic databases from January to March 2020. Development: the historical development of the specialty in Villa Clara and the professionals who participated were explained, aspects of the training of human resources, the evolution of the specialty and the new challenges were shown. Conclusions: some historical elements were socialized about the specialty of Clinical Laboratory in Villa Clara, in the stage after the triumph of the Cuban Revolution in recognition of all those who contributed to the beginning and development of said specialty that today meets the required quality standards.

Câncer materno: a compreensão da criança e suas representações / Maternal cancer: the child's understanding and its representations / Cáncer materno: comprensión del niño y sus representaciones

O câncer é uma doença crônico-degenerativa, que tem como uma de suas principais características a capacidade de invadir tecidos e órgãos do corpo, favorecendo o crescimento desordenado de células. É uma doença que impacta fortemente a pessoa enferma e todos à sua volta, incluindo sua família e seus amigos. A partir desse cenário, este trabalho visou compreender a visão da criança e o impacto emocional sofrido diante do diagnóstico de câncer da mãe. Buscou-se avaliar, a partir de ferramentas lúdicas e do desenho-estória, o entendimento da criança em relação ao processo de adoecimento materno, tomando como base o referencial psicanalítico para reconhecer como ela lidou com a situação. Participaram desta pesquisa uma mulher de 39 anos com diagnóstico de câncer em remissão e seu filho de 9 anos. Os resultados demonstraram que o adoecimento materno causou impactos emocionais significativos e assustadores para o infante, gerando fantasias irreais relacionadas ao câncer e a si próprio. Dessa forma, considera-se de fundamental importância o cuidado estendido aos familiares do indivíduo doente, a fim de que se tenha um olhar a todos que sofrem diante desse contexto.(AU)

Cancer is a chronic-degenerative disease that has as one of its main characteristics the ability to invade tissues and organs of the body, favoring the disordered cell growth. It is a disease that strongly impacts the sick person and everyone around them, including their family and friends. Based on this scenario, this work aimed to understand the child's view and the emotional impact suffered in the face of the mother's cancer diagnosis. It sought to evaluate, with ludic tools and drawing history, the child's understanding about the mother's illness process, based on the psychoanalytic framework to recognize how they deal with the situation. A 39-year-old woman diagnosed with cancer, in remission, and her 9-year-old son participated in this research. The results showed that the maternal illness caused significant and frightening emotional impacts for the infant, creating unrealistic fantasies related to cancer and to himself. Thus, the care extended to the sick individual's family and to the relatives is considered of fundamental importance, to give a complete care for all those who suffer in this context.(AU)

El cáncer es una enfermedad crónico-degenerativa, que tiene como una de sus principales características la capacidad de invadir tejidos y órganos, favoreciendo un crecimiento desordenado de las células. Enfermedades como esta impactan fuertemente a la persona que está enferma y a todos los que la rodean, incluidos familiares y amigos. Considerando esta situación, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la percepción de un niño y el impacto emocional que sufrió ante el diagnóstico del cáncer vivido por su madre. Se pretendió evaluar, utilizando herramientas lúdicas y de dibujo-cuento, la comprensión del niño al proceso de enfermedad materna, buscando reconocer cómo el niño manejó este proceso a partir del referencial teórico psicoanalítico. En esta investigación participaron una mujer de 39 años diagnosticada de cáncer en remisión y su hijo de 9 años. Los resultados mostraron que los impactos emocionales de la enfermedad materna fueron significativos y aterradores para el infante, generando fantasías irreales relacionadas con el cáncer y él mismo. De esta forma, el cuidado extendido a la familia del individuo que está enfrentando esta enfermedad es importante para promover una atención integral a quienes la padecen en este contexto.(AU)

Cohort studies in public health practice and their significance / 上海预防医学

Cohort studies play an important role in elucidating the association between risk factors and diseases， and are widely used in etiology research， the assessment of disease prognosis， understanding the natural history of diseases， and the surveillance following the market release of new drugs. The data produced by cohort studies possess great scientific value and can provide essential evidence for public health practice. A well-conceived scientific design is a prerequisite to conducting a cohort study， and the design should focus on aspects such as sample size， selection of exposed and non-exposed populations， follow-up procedures， outcome assessments， research duration， and the choice of analytical indicators and methods. Cohort studies have become an important way to obtain scientific evidence. Internationally renowned population-based cohorts， such as China Kadoorie biobank and the Framingham heart study cohort， have provided a wealth of scientifically valuable evidence for promoting human health. The quality of data produced by a cohort study is extremely important， and a cohort study should continuously incorporate new technologies and methods to provide objective， accurate， and reliable means to determine exposure and outcomes， as well as control for bias. Cohort studies have great potential for application and will continue to provide abundant high-quality scientific evidence for the development of strategies and measures to enhance human health.

Mediating effect of lifestyle on the relationship between family history and cardiovascular disease / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To evaluate the mediating effect of lifestyles on the association between family history and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods This study was based on the "Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention of High-risk Populations of Cardiovascular Disease Project". The data were collected from 6 project sites in Hubei Province. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of family history and lifestyle on CVD, and the relationship between family history and lifestyle. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediating effect of lifestyle on the association between family history and CVD. Results A total of 5 871 subjects were included in the study from 2015 to 2016, of whom 500 (8.52%) developed CVD and 484 had family history of CVD. The risk of developing CVD was significantly increased in participants with family history of disease (OR = 1.458, P = 0.014) and in those with high level of physical activity (OR = 1.081, P = 0.026). The increase of leisure physical activity time showed a protective effect on developing CVD (OR = 0.977, P < 0.001). Participants with family history significantly increased leisure physical activity (OR = 2.085, P < 0.001), and were less likely to choose occupations with high levels of physical activity (OR = 0.524, P < 0.001). The results of mediation analysis showed that leisure physical activity and occupational physical activity mediated the relationship between family history and CVD, and the β value of the mediating effects were -0.004 (P = 0.010) and 0.002 (P = 0.045), respectively. The β value of the direct effect of family history on CVD was 0.033 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Leisure physical activity and occupational physical activity might mediate the relationship between family history and CVD. People with family history would reduce the risk of developing CVD by increasing leisure physical activity time and choosing occupations with low levels of physical activity.

François Rabelais and his dystonic giants / François Rabelais e seus gigantes distônicos

Abstract Spasmodic torticollis was an early designation used for cervical dystonia. The origin of this name is attributed to French physician and writer François Rabelais in the mid-sixteenth century. This early description of torticollis in the book Pantagruel was an inspiration for the understanding of cervical dystonia. The art expressed in Rabelais' literature - which was immortalized by the drawings of Gustave Doré - influenced poetry, art, and photography, and led to the adoption of the term torticollis in the neurological sciences.

Resumo Uma designação inicial usada para distonia cervical era torcicolo espasmódico. A origem desse termo é atribuída ao médico e escritor francês François Rabelais em meados do século XVI. Essa descrição inicial do torcicolo no livro Pantagruel foi uma inspiração para a compreensão da distonia cervical. A arte exibida na literatura de Rabelais - imortalizada pelos desenhos de Gustave Doré - influenciou a poesia, a arte e a fotografia, e levou à adoção do termo torcicolo nas ciências neurológicas.

Validade baseada nos processos de respostas - Protocolo MMBGR Lactentes e Pré-escolares: Instrutivo e História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial / Validity based on the response processes of the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers: Instructional and Orofacial Myofuncional Clinical History

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar a etapa da evidência de validade baseada nos processos de respostas do Protocolo MMBGR Lactentes e Pré-escolares: Instrutivo e História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial. Método Estudo desenvolvido conforme recomendações para validação de testes em Fonoaudiologia. Realizada análise da validade baseada nos processos de resposta do instrumento. Participaram dez fonoaudiólogos, que atuam em clínica e/ou pesquisa da Motricidade Orofacial com população entre 6 e 71 meses de idade, que aplicaram o Protocolo MMBGR Lactentes e Pré-escolares: Instrutivo e História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial junto aos responsáveis pelas crianças. Os fonoaudiólogos emitiram apreciação sobre aplicabilidade do instrumento via formulário eletrônico do Google®, contendo questões dicóticas e/ou múltipla escolha, e escala likert com espaço para justificar respostas negativas. Os dados foram tabulados em planilhas Microsoft Excel 2016® e analisados pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Utilizado software R Core Team 2022 (Versão 4.2.2). Resultados Todos os itens do Protocolo MMBGR Lactentes e Pré-escolares: Instrutivo e História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial foram válidos na aplicação em contexto real. Protocolo de História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial - IVC 100% quanto à facilidade de aplicação e preenchimento, e uso na prática profissional; e IVC 90% quanto à utilidade para clínica fonoaudiológica. O Instrutivo obteve IVC 80% quanto à utilidade e 70% referente à necessidade de leitura prévia para preenchimento do Protocolo MMBGR Lactentes e Pré-escolares. Conclusão O Instrutivo e o Protocolo História Clínica Miofuncional Orofacial, pertencentes ao protocolo MMBGR - Lactentes e Pré-escolares tiveram comprovada validade baseada nos processos de resposta, para uso na clínica fonoaudiológica.

ABSTRACT Purpose Present the step of evidence of validity based on the responses to procedures of the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers: Instructional and Orofacial Myofunctional Clinical History. Methods Study developed according to phonoaudiologic tests validations recommendations. Validity analysis performed based on the process of instrument response. Ten speech therapists, that work on phonoaudiology clinic and/or orofacial myofunctional research on the population with age between 6 to 71 months, participated and applied the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers: Instructional and Orofacial Myofunctional Clinical History with those responsible for the children. The speech therapists appraised the instrument applicability via Google®️ electronic forms, containing dichotic and/or multiple-choice questions, and likert scale with space to justify negative answers. The data was tabulated on Microsoft Excel 2016®️ worksheets and analyzed by the content validity index (CVI). The software R Core Team 2022 (Versão 4.2.2) was used. Results All items from the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers: Instructional and Orofacial Myofunctional Clinical History were valid when applied to real contexts. Orofacial Myofunctional Clinic history protocol- IVC 100% in terms of ease of application and filling and usage in professional practice; IVC 90% in terms of usefulness for phonoaudiology clinic. The instructional got IVC 80% in terms of clinic usefulness and 70% regarding to the prior reading necessity to fill the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers. Conclusion The Instrucional and Orofacial Myofunctional Clinical History, in the MMBGR Protocol Infants and Preschoolers had its validity proven based on the processes of responses to the usage on phonoaudiology clinic.

Testimonio profesional de la psicología de la salud en la región central de Cuba. (1964-2023)

Fundamento: las llamadas provincias de Las Villas y La Habana atesoran las primeras experiencias sobre la psicología en Cuba, después del triunfo de la Revolución; aunque esta historia ha sido insuficientemente divulgada en la región central del país. Objetivo: identificar aspectos distintivos de la psicología de la salud desde 1964 hasta 2023 en la antigua provincia de Las Villas, y posteriormente, en Villa Clara. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de tipo histórico en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, entre enero-marzo 2023. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos: investigación documental en fuentes históricas de probada veracidad, entrevistas a informantes clave y testimonios de las autoras. Resultados: en el curso 1968-1969 se insertó la Psicología en los programas del Ministerio de Salud Pública, en La Habana y Las Villas. A partir de la fundación de la Sociedad Nacional de Psicología de la Salud y la Filial de Las Villas (1975), la especialidad ha ido en progreso: la graduación de varios especialistas, realización de cuatro maestrías y una línea de investigación doctoral, varios eventos con participación internacional, los intercambios científicos con otras universidades, y la acreditación de la especialidad son algunos de los avances que la distinguen. Conclusiones: la psicología de la salud en la región central de Cuba ha ido en ascenso desde su fundación. Sus logros en los escenarios científicos y académicos se han fortalecido bajo la dirección de un grupo de fundadores que con creatividad y responsabilidad se han convertido en promotores y actores de sus éxitos.

Background: the so-called provinces of Las Villas and Havana treasure the first experiences on health psychology in Cuba; although this story has been insufficiently disseminated in the central region of the country. Objective: to identify distinctive aspects of health psychology from 1964 to 2023 in the former province of Las Villas, and later, in Villa Clara. Methods: a historical research was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, from January to March 2023. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, historical-logical and systemic; empirical: documentary research in historical sources of proven veracity, interviews with key informants and testimonies of the authors. Results: in the 1968-1969 academic year, Psychology was inserted into the programs of the Ministry of Public Health, in Havana and Las Villas. Since the founding of the National Society of Health Psychology and the Las Villas Branch in 1975, the specialty has been in progress: the graduation of several specialists, completion of four master's degrees and a line of doctoral research, several events with participation International exchange, scientific exchanges with other universities, and the accreditation of the specialty are some of the advances that distinguish it. Conclusions: health psychology in the central region of Cuba has been on the rise since its foundation. Its achievements in the scientific and academic scenarios have been strengthened under the direction of a group of founders who, with creativity and responsibility, have become promoters and actors of its successes.

A assistência aos diabéticos em Portugal: o papel estruturante da Associação Protetora dos Diabéticos Pobres, 1926-1946 / Assisting diabetics in Portugal: the structuring role of the Association to Protect Poor Diabetics, 1926-1946

Resumo A assistência aos diabéticos em Portugal esteve umbilicalmente ligada à fundação da Associação Protetora dos Diabéticos Pobres em 1926, a qual teve um papel determinante na estruturação da diabetologia portuguesa. O objetivo do artigo é demonstrar de que forma a associação contribuiu para a estruturação de um modelo de assistência aos diabéticos em Portugal, escorada nos princípios da diabetologia moderna na primeira metade do século XX. Primeiro explicaremos como a instituição se organizou em termos funcionais e clínicos atendendo às políticas assistenciais do período do Estado Novo em Portugal. Posteriormente mostraremos como estava organizado o modelo de assistência, que incluía o tratamento e a educação dos diabéticos pobres.

Abstract Assistance to diabetics in Portugal was quintessentially linked to the 1926 foundation of the Association to Protect Poor Diabetics (Associação Protetora dos Diabéticos Pobres) which was decisive in structuring diabetology in Portugal. This article shows how during the first half of the twentieth century, this association helped create a model of assistance for diabetics in this country based on the principles of modern diabetology. First, we examine its functional and clinical organization to comply with assistance policy during the New State period in Portugal. Next, we depict the organization of the assistance model, which included treatment and education of poor patients with diabetes.

Unidos na diferença: sobre a vocação da sociologia brasileira no Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro, 1973-1977 / United in difference: on the vocation of Brazilian sociology at the Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro, 1973-1977

Resumo Este artigo busca compreender a vocação científica consagrada pela primeira geração (1973-1977) de pesquisadores do Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia do Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro (Iuperj). Embora o Iuperj seja visto como berço da moderna ciência política brasileira, pouco se sabe sobre sua sociologia. Para tal, baseamo-nos em documentos, entrevistas e bibliografia secundária. Queremos nuançar diagnósticos sobre essa geração, ora vista como excessivamente heterogênea, ora como pouco original se comparada à ciência política iuperjiana. Na vocação daquela geração, o elogio à especialização teórico-metodológica era parte central de uma sociologia política que buscava dar respostas às demandas de uma sociedade na encruzilhada entre modernização e redemocratização.

Abstract This article investigates the first generation (1973-1977) of researchers trained in the Graduate Program in Sociology at the Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro (IUPERJ). While IUPERJ is known as the birthplace of modern Brazilian political science, sociology there is less well known. Using documentary resources, interviews, and the secondary literature, we take a nuanced look at this generation, which has been described as both excessively heterogeneous and less original in comparison to political science at IUPERJ. For them, theoretical and methodological specialization was seen as central to a political sociology that sought responses to the demands of a society at the crossroads between modernization and redemocratization.

A história do ensino no Instituto Fernandes Figueira: entrevista com Susana Wuillaume / The history of teaching at the Fernandes Figueira Institute: an interview with Susana Wuillaume

Resumo Entrevista realizada com Susana Maciel Wuillaume, médica pediatra com larga experiência na docência e na gestão do Instituto Fernandes Figueira. São abordados diferentes temas da história institucional e da trajetória individual da entrevistada, como a organização da pós-graduação e dos programas de residências médica e a estruturação do próprio instituto. A entrevista faz parte de um projeto que documenta e investiga a história do Instituto Fernandes Figueira, que completa seu centenário em 2024.

Abstract This interview was conducted with Susana Maciel Wuillaume, a pediatrician with broad experience in education and in the management of the Fernandes Figueira Institute. Various topics in the institution's history and Wuillaume's individual trajectory were covered, such as the organization of the graduate course and the medical residency programs and the structure of the institution itself. This interview is part of a project to document and investigate the history of the Fernandes Figueira Institute, which celebrates its one hundredth anniversary in 2024.