The Materiality of Homeopathic Medicines. DynHom Research Program

Homeopathy is controversial because using highly dilute medicines (high homeopathic potencies, HHP) beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. Previous publications [1,2] using NMR relaxation revealed the involvement of nanobubbles and/or nanoparticles and/or nanometric superstructures in high potentizations. Nano Tracking Analyse (NTA) demonstrated the presence of particles in HHPs [3,4]. WithSEM-EDX [5] we observed an ionic diversity common to all preparations including HHPs and significant differences in the relative quantity of each ion between different homeopathic manufacturing lines and controls. FTIR spectroscopy [6] shows that the molecular composition is that of carbonates, primarily sodium bicarbonate.Methods:To observe the materiality of homeopathic medicines a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. In collaboration with several universities,we canobserve these medications with NMR, NTA, SEM-EDX, FTIR, pH,and EPA. Results:The essential component of all already studied homeopathic medicines is sodium hydrogen carbonate modulated by some other elements in a specific quantity, size,and shape. The probability that the observed results could have occurred just by random chance can be rejected(significantlyabove the Avogadro limit) p < 0,001.Conclusions:The homeopathic medicines do contain material with a specific ionic composition even in HHPs diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. This specificity can be attributed to the manufacturing process. These results demonstrate that the step-by-step process (dynamized or not) does not match the theoretical expectations in a dilution process. The starting material and dilution/dynamization method influencethe nature of these NPs. The role of carbonates and sodium bicarbonate must be carefully studied in the future. Its aqueous solution is alkaline in nature but itis an amphoteric compound, which means that the compound has both acidic as well as alkaline character. The reaction with acids results in sodium salts and carbonic acid and the reaction with the basic solution producescarbonates and water. Specific electric fields are indeed detectable.

Consumo y buenas prácticas de preparación de medicamentos homeopáticos en un servicio farmacéutico comunitario / Consumption and good practices in the preparation of homeopathic medicines in a community pharmacy service

La Homeopatía es una modalidad terapéutica que se practica desde el siglo XIX, siendo reconocida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. En Cuba, con el desarrollo de la Medicina Natural y Tradicional (MNT), el uso de la Homeopatía se ha extendido y se ha incrementado el consumo de sus medicamentos. Objetivo: Caracterizar el consumo y el cumplimiento de las Buenas Prácticas de Preparación de medicamentos homeopáticos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal del tipo consumo, en la Farmacia Homeopática Provincial de Santiago de Cuba. Resultados: El 94,03% del total de las ventas, fue mediante recetas médicas, entre los 12 medicamentos homeopáticos más prescriptos estuvieron la Drossera, Sambucus y Belladona. La especialidad con más prescripciones fue la de Pediatría con el 53,32%, recibiéndose recetas de 12 Instituciones de salud de la provincia. Dentro de los errores detectados en las recetas sin calidad predominó en el 87,35% la omisión de las potencias y errores en la nomenclatura del medicamento. En la valoración del cumplimiento de las normas de Buenas Prácticas de Preparación se obtuvo la puntuación de 83 puntos de 100, clasificándose el cumplimiento en dicho servicio con la categoría de Bien. La dispensación de los medicamentos homeopáticos resultó ser adecuada en el 100 % de los casos. Conclusión: Se comprobó el amplio uso de esta terapéutica en el territorio. Se detectaron deficiencias en la calidad de las recetas médicas. La dispensación constituyó un factor de impacto positivo en los pacientes(AU)

Homeopathy is a therapeutic modality that has been practiced since the 19th century, been recognized by the World Health Organization. In Cuba, with the development of Natural and Traditional Medicine (NTM), the use of Homeopathy has spread and the consumption of its medicines has increased. Objective: To characterize the consumption and compliance with the Good Practices for the Preparation of homeopathic medicines. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of the consumption type was carried out in the Provincial Homeopathic Pharmacy of Santiago de Cuba. Results: 94.03% of total sales were through medical prescriptions, among the 12 most prescribed homeopathic medicines were Drossera, Sambucus and Belladonna. The specialty with the most prescriptions was Pediatrics with 53.32%, with prescriptions received from 12 health institutions in the province. Among the errors detected in the prescriptions without quality, 87.35% were due to omission of potencies and errors in the nomenclature of the drug. In the evaluation of compliance with the standards of Good Preparation Practices, a score of 83 points out of 100 was obtained, classifying compliance in this service with the category of Good. The dispensing of homeopathic medicines was adequate in 100 % of the cases. Conclusion: The wide use of this therapy in the territory was verified. Deficiencies were detected in the quality of medical prescriptions. Dispensing was a factor of positive impact on patients(AU)

Effects of homeopathic medicine on physical properties of matter - a classical and QED perspective

Homeopathic medicines affect physical properties of matter which depend on the characteristic and the potency of the medicine1. These effects can be explained from two aspects: (a) classical and (b) quantum electrodynamical. Using three different sets of experiments where homeopathic medicines have affected the physical properties of matter, we have shown how the results can be interpreted from both these points of view. (AU)

Sobre los medicamentos homeopáticos mexicanos / On mexican homeopathic medicines

A lo largo de 155 años, médicos homeópatas e instituciones académicas han promovido el estudio y la configuración de las patogenesias de diversos remedios mexicanos. Este trabajo relata la historia de 54 de ellas y señala datos específicos acerca de su acción terapéutica. Es importante resaltar las investigaciones en torno a Meteorita campo cielo (es la primera vez en la historia que se experimenta con un meteorito), y Cinis popo (ceniza del volcán Popocatépetl).

Over 155 years, homeopaths and academic institutions have promoted the study and configuration of several mexican remedies pathogenesis . This work tells the story of 54 of them and points out specific facts about its therapeutic action. Importantly, the research on Campo cielo meteorite (the first time in history that is experienced with a meteorite), and Cinis popo (Popocatepetl volcano ash).

Rebound effect of drugs: fatal risk of conventional treatment and parmacological basis of homeopathic treatment / Efeito rebote das drogas: riscos fatais do tratamento convencional e bases farmacológicas do tratamento homeopático / Efecto rebote de drogas: riesgos fatales del tratamiento convencional y bases farmacológicas del tratamiento homeopático

The homeopathic model applies the secondary action or vital reaction of the organism as a therapeutic method and thus prescribes treatment by similitude, which consists in administering to ill individuals substances that cause similar symptoms in healthy individuals. The vital, homeostatic or paradoxical reaction of the organism might be explained scientifically by means of the rebound effect of modern drugs, which might cause fatal iatrogenic events after discontinuation of antipathic (a term used in alternative medicine for palliative treatment, also known as enantiopathic) treatment. Although the rebound effect is studied by modern pharmacology, it is poorly communicated to and discussed among healthcare professionals, who are thus deprived of information needed for the safe management of modern drugs. This article presents an up-to-date review on the rebound effect of modern drugs that grounds the homeopathic principle of healing and calls the attention of doctors to this type of adverse effect that is usually unnoticed. The rebound effect of modern palliative drugs, which was pointed out by Hahnemann more than two centuries ago, might cause fatal adverse events and is illustrated by the examples of acetylsalicylic acid, anti-inflammatory agents, bronchodilators, antidepressants, statins, proton-pump inhibitors, etc. Although the rebound effect is expressed by a small fraction of (susceptible) individuals and might be avoided by gradual tapering of antipathic drugs, it exhibits epidemiologic importance as a function of the massive use of such palliative drugs and the lack of knowledge in its regard.

O modelo homeopático aplica a ação secundária ou reação vital do organismo como método terapêutico. Assim, propõe o tratamento por semelhança, que consiste em administrar aos doentes substâncias que produzem sintomas similares em pessoas sadias. A reação vital, homeostática ou paradoxal do organismo pode ser explicada cientificamente com base no efeito rebote das drogas modernas. Este pode produzir eventos iatrogênicos fatais depois da suspensão do tratamento antipático (ou enantiopático, termo utilizado em medicina alternativa para se referir ao tratamento paliativo). Embora o efeito rebote é abordado pela farmacologia moderna, é pouco difundido e discutido pelos profissionais da saúde que, assim, são privados de informação necessária para o manejo seguro das drogas modernas. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão atualizada do efeito rebote das drogas modernas e que também embasa o princípio homeopático da cura. Apontado por Hahnemann mais de dois séculos atrás, o efeito rebote das drogas paliativas modernas pode causar efeitos adversos fatais, como ilustram os exemplos do ácido salicílico, anti-inflamatórios, broncodilatadores, antidepressivos, estatinas, inibidores da bomba de prótons, etc. Embora o efeito rebote seja expressado por uma pequena parte de indivíduos (suscetíveis) e possa ser evitando através da retirada gradual das drogas antipáticas, atinge importância epidemiológica devido ao uso maciço dessas drogas e do desconhecimento a seu respeito.

The problem of dose in homeopathy: evaluation of the effect of high dilutions of Arsenicum album 30cH on rats intoxicated with arsenic / O problema da dose em homeopatia: avaliação do efeito de altas diluições de Arsenicum album 30cH em ratos intoxicados com arsênico / El problema de la dosis en homeopatía: evaluación del efecto de altas diluciones de Arsenicum album 30cH en ratones intoxicados con arsénico

Background: Although scientific studies have confirmed the action of homeopathic high dilutions in living organisms an endless debate on the choice of the most fitting dilution, the frequency of administration and the dose (amount of medicine) still remains. Aims: This study sought to assess the in vivo effect of 2 different concentrations of Arsenicum album 30cH in order to elucidate some problems in the homeopathic notion of dose. Methods: Male Wistar rats previously intoxicated with sodium arsenate by peritoneal injection were treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution administered by oral route. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to measure the levels of arsenic retained in the animals as well as the amounts eliminated through urine. Urine samples were collected before and after and during treatment. A positive control group (intoxicated animals) and negative control group (non-intoxicated animals) were administered only the vehicle used to prepare the medicine (ethanol). Results: The groups treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution eliminated significant amounts of arsenic through urine when compared to the control groups. The group treated with undiluted Ars 30cH eliminated significantly higher amounts of arsenic than the group treated with the same medicine in 1% solution. Conclusion: These results suggest that undiluted Ars 30cH was more effective than in 1% solution in this experimental model.

Introdução: embora estudos científicos têm confirmado a ação das altas diluições homeopáticas em organismos vivos, permanece o debate infindável acerca da escolha da diluição mais adequada, a frequência de administração e a dose (quantidade de medicamento). Objetivos: este estudo procurou avaliar o efeito in vitro de 2 concentrações diferentes de Arsenicum album 30cH a fim de elucidar alguns aspectos da noção homeopática de dose. Métodos: ratos Wistar machos previamente intoxicados com arseniato de sódio por injeção peritoneal foram tratados com Ars 30cH não diluído ou diluído 1% por via oral. Foi utilizada espectroscopia de absorção atômica para medir os níveis de arsênico retido no organismo e eliminado através da urina. As amostras de urina foram colhidas antes, após e durante o tratamento. Os grupos controle positivo (animais intoxicados) e negativo (animais não intoxicados) receberam apenas o veículo utilizado para preparar o medicamento (etanol). Resultados: os grupos tratados com Ars 30cH não diluído e diluído em solução 1% eliminaram quantidades significativamente maiores de arsênico através da urina por comparação aos grupos controle. O grupo tratado com Ars 30cH não diluído eliminou quantidades significativamente maiores de arsênico que o grupo tratado com o mesmo medicamento em solução 1%. Conclusão: esses resultados sugerem que Ars 30cH não diluído foi mais efetivo que a solução 1% do mesmo neste modelo experimental.

Introducción: aunque estudios científicos han confirmado la acción de las altas diluciones homeopáticas en organismos vivos, permanece sin resolver la discusión acerca de la elección de la dilución más adecuada, la frecuencia de administración y la dosis (cantidad de medicamento). Objetivos: este estudio buscó evaluar el efecto in vitro de 2 concentraciones diferentes de Arsenicum album 30cH para dirimir algunos problemas en la noción homeopática de dosis. Métodos: ratones Wistar macho previamente intoxicados con arseniato de sodio por inyección peritoneal fueron tratados con Ars 30cH sin diluir o diluido en solución 1% por vía oral. Fue utilizada espectroscopía de absorción atómica para medir los niveles de arsénico retenidos en el organismo y eliminados por orina. Las muestras de orina fueron recogidas antes, durante y después del tratamiento. Los grupos control positivo (animales intoxicados) y negativo (animales no intoxicados) recibieron exclusivamente el vehículo utilizado para preparar el medicamento (etanol). Resultados: los grupos tratados con Ars 30cH no diluido y diluido 1% eliminaron cantidades significativamente mayores de arsénico por orina que los controles. El grupo tratado con Ars 30cH no diluido eliminó cantidades significativamente mayores de arsénico por orina que el grupo tratado con el mismo medicamento diluido 1%. Conclusión: estos resultados sugieren que Ars 30cH no diluido fue más efectivo que cuando diluido 1% en este modelo experimental.