RESUMO
Diarrhoea remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity among children in Nicaragua. As the majority of diarrhoeal cases are treated at home and appropriate household management can lessen severity of diarrhoea, the objective of this study was to examine household management of childhood diarrhoea. A simple random sample of households was selected from the Health and Demographic Surveillance Site-León. Parents or caretakers of children below five years of age, who developed diarrhoea (n=232), were surveyed about household diarrhoea management practices in 2011. Fifty-seven percent of children received oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in the home prior to visiting any health facility. We encountered certain practices in contradiction with WHO recommendations for the management of diarrhoea in communities: 41% of children were offered protein-rich foods less frequently during diarrhoeal episodes, 20% of children were nursed less frequently or not at all during diarrhoeal episodes, and zinc supplementation was recommended at only 39% of visits with healthcare providers. Our findings provide insights for efforts to improve the household management of childhood diarrhoea in Nicaragua.
RESUMO
Com as mudanças conceituais trazidas pelo "feminismo das diferenças", os estudos feministas reavaliaram os pólos de valorização positiva e negativa das posições de mulheres e homens, voltando sua atenção para características, atribuições e funções femininas. Como consequência destas reflexões e das práticas que elas orientam, abriu-se a possibilidade de um olhar valorativo sobre o espaço doméstico e o trabalho que homens e mulheres nele desempenham. Esta pesquisa objetivou realizar um estudo de gênero sobre a casa, analisando as relações dos sujeitos com seus espaços de vida familiar, no interesse da valorização do trabalho doméstico e da compreensão do seu valor subjetivo. A pesquisa teve enfoque qualitativo a partir da abordagem etnográfica, por meio de entrevistas livres, gravadas e filmadas, objetivando obter depoimentos e imagens de sujeitos em suas casas e atividades. Foram entrevistados 12 mulheres e 5 homens de diferentes gerações e atividades profissionais, no município de Antônio Carlos, Região Metropolitana de Florianópolis-SC.
With the conceptual changes brought by the "difference feminism", feminist studies re-evaluated the poles of positive and negative valorization of women's and men's roles, focusing on feminine characteristics, attributions and functions. As a consequence of these studies and practices they guide, it was possible to value the domestic environment and tasks that both men and women perform in this environment. This study aimed to develop a gender study about the house, analyzing the relationship of the individuals with their family life spaces, trying to value the domestic work and to understand its subjective meaning. This qualitative study with ethnographic approach was carried out through taped and video recorded free interviews aiming to capture the testimonials and images of the participants in their homes during tasks. A total of 12 women and 5 men from different generations and professions were interviewed in Antônio Carlos in the metropolitan region of Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Con los cambios conceptuales originados por el "feminismo de las diferencias", los estudios feministas reevaluaran los polos de valorización positivos y negativos de las posiciones de mujeres y hombres, centrándose en características, atribuciones y funciones femeninas. Como consecuencia de estas reflexiones y de las practicas por ellas orientadas, fue posible observar de forma valorativa el espacio doméstico y al trabajo que hombres y mujeres allí realizan. Esta investigación tenía como objetivo realizar un estudio de género acerca de la casa, analizando la relación de los sujetos con sus espacios de vida familiar, tratando de valorizar el trabajo doméstico y de entender su significado subjetivo. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, de enfoque etnográfico, que a través de entrevistas libres, grabadas y filmadas, captaron testimonios e imágenes de los sujetos, en sus casas, haciendo sus actividades. Fueron entrevistados 5 hombres y 12 mujeres de distintas generaciones y profesiones, en el municipio de Antonio Carlos, Región Metropolitana de Florianópolis-SC, Brasil.