Preparation of tanshinone IIA self-soluble microneedles and its inhibition on proliferation of human skin fibroblasts / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#Hypertrophic scars (HS) are a variety of skin tissue fibrosis disease that occurs in human skin, the effective therapeutic method of which is still inaccessible up to now. As a bioactive constituent of a well-known medical plant, Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen in Chinese), tanshinone IIA (TSA) is reported to inhibit cell proliferation in HS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare TSA self-soluble microneedles to strengthen its dermal retention and break through the difficulty of significantly thickening epidermal connective tissue and stratum corneum at the HS site. The possible mechanism of action in suppressing HS was studied using human skin fibroblasts (HSF).@*METHODS@#Tanshinone IIA self-dissolving microneedles (TSA-MN) was prepared using a negative mold casting method. The prescription process of microneedle was optimized by Box-Behnken effect surface method. Different media were selected to investigate the ability of transdermal absorption and in vitro release. Furthermore, according to Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) method as well as the Western blot method, the effect of TSA-MN on the biological characteristics of HSF was investigated.@*RESULTS@#With remarkable slow release effect and dermal retention, the release and transdermal properties of TSA-MN in vitro were better than both TSA and ordinary dosage forms. Its effect of HSF confirmed the essential decrease in cell motility during cell proliferation and cell migration in vitro, which plays a significant role in down-regulating the secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in HSF and increasing the expression level of Smad7.@*CONCLUSION@#The prepared TSA self-soluble microneedles is helpful in solving the problem of hypertrophic scars, with a stable dermal retention effect after process optimization.

The cadaveric human skin allograft as a paradigm shift for the management of a large wound of necrotizing soft tissue infection: an interesting case report

Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is an uncommon but fatal and rapidly progressing disease which requires emergent recognition and prompt treatment. Patients of NSTI frequently suffer from large soft tissue defects, which require coverage of these defects by auto-skin graft or flap cover. It becomes a challenge to cover the soft tissue defects in an already sick patient. The patient of NSTI has a restricted skin graft donor site and a poor skin grafting bed. Here authors report a case of 50 years old female, known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus, who suffered from NSTI post intramuscular injection of the left gluteal region. Her left thigh, left gluteal region, lower back, pubic and perineal region were involved. She underwent multiple radical debridement’s followed by the use of Cadaveric human skin allografts to cover the raw area temporarily. Meanwhile, authors optimized the patient nutrition state and controlled the infections. Finally, raw areas were covered with an autologous skin graft, and the patient discharged in stable condition.

Effect and mechanism of tanshinone IIA on TGF-β1 induced human skin fibroblast proliferation / 中草药

Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of tanshinone IIA on human skin fibroblasts cell (HSF). Methods: CCK- 8 method was used to determine the effect of different concentrations of TSA on the proliferation of HSF induced by TGF-β1. The plate cloning ability of HSF treated with different concentrations of TSA (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L) for 48 h were analyzed by plate clonogenesis assay. The protein expression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway proteins and α-SMA, VEGFA and COL I were further measured by Western blotting. Results: CCK-8 and plate clonognesis assay results showed that TSA significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony forming efficiency of HSF (P < 0.01). Western blotting results revealed that each concentration group of TSA significantly inhibited the protein levels of p-Smad2 and p-Smad3, and down-regulated the ratio of p-Smad2/Smad2 (P < 0.01). The ratio of p-Smad3/Smad3 was significantly decreased in 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L TSA groups. Additionally, the expression levels of α-SMA, VEGFA and COL I in HSF decreased significantly with the increase of TSA concentration (P < 0.01). Conclusion: TSA exhibits the inhibitory effect on proliferation of HSF, and its mechanism may be related to TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.

Influence of indentation test factors on the mechanical response of the skin / Influencia de los factores experimentales de la indentación en la respuesta mecánica de la piel / Influência dos fatores experimentais da indentação na resposta mecânica da pele

Abstract This study proposes in vivo tests and design of experiments to determine the influence of experimental factors on the mechanical response of the soft tissue. The experimental factors considered are: room temperature (A), indentation velocity (B), indenter temperature (C), pump pressure (D) and muscle activation (E). An inverse method was developed to obtain the constants for constitutive equations of a multilayer biological model (skin, hypodermis, and muscle) through the use of indentation tests in combination with a finite element method. For each combination of the experimental factors, two groups of constants were established from the inverse method. Sixteen combinations of experimental conditions and their corresponding constants for the Mooney-Rivlin constitutive equations were obtained to be used in further numerical models. The factor D and factor interactions ADE, CDE, and ACDE were statistically significant with respect to skin mechanical response. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is not a current equation able to represent the mechanical properties of the skin under all the experimental conditions considered in this study

Resumen Este estudio propone pruebas in vivo y diseño de experimentos para determinar la influencia de los factores experimentales en la respuesta mecánica de tejidos blandos. Los factores experimentales considerados son: temperatura ambiente (A) velocidad de indentación (B), temperatura del indentador (C), presión de bombeo (D) y activación muscular (E). Se desarrolló un método inverso con el fin de obtener las constantes para las ecuaciones constitutivas de un modelo biológico de multicapa (piel, hipodermis y músculo) a través del uso de pruebas de indentación en combinación con el método del elemento finito. Para cada combinación de los factores experimentales, se establecieron dos grupos de constantes del método inverso. Se obtuvieron dieciséis combinaciones de condiciones experimentales y sus correspondientes constantes para las ecuaciones constitutivas de Moorney-Rivlin, que se pueden usar en futuros modelos numéricos. El factor D y las interacciones de los factores ADE, CDE y ACDE fueron estadísticamente significativas con respecto a la respuesta mecánica de la piel. En consecuencia, se puede concluir que no hay actualmente una ecuación capaz de representar las propiedades mecánicas de la piel bajo las condiciones experimentales consideradas en este estudio.

Resumo Este estudo propõe ensaios in vivo e desenho de experimentos para determinar a influência dos fatores experimentais na resposta mecânica de tecidos moles. Os fatores experimentais considerados são: temperatura ambiente (A), velocidade de indentação (B), temperatura de indentação (C), pressão de bomba (D) e ativação muscular (E). Desenvolveu-se um método invertido com o fim de obter as constantes para a equação constitutivas de um modelo biológico de multicapa (pele, hipoderme e músculo) por meio do uso de ensaios de indentacao em combinação com o método do elemento finito. Para cada combinação dos fatores experimentais, se estabeleceram dois grupos de constantes do método inverso. Obtiveram-se dezesseis combinações de condições experimentais e suas constantes correspondentes para as equações constitutivas de Mooney- Rivlin, que podem ser usadas em futuros modelos numéricos. O fator D e as interações dos fatores ADE, CDE e ACDE foram estatisticamente significativas com respeito a resposta mecânica da pele. Assim sendo, se pode concluir que não há atualmente uma equação capaz de representar as propriedades mecânicas da pele baixo as condições experimentais consideradas neste estudo.

Effect of cell penetrating peptide TAT-modified liposomes loaded with salvianolic acid B on proliferation,migration and cell cycle of human skin fibroblasts / 中国中药杂志

Hypertrophic scar( HS) is a very common skin fibrosis disorder after human skin injury and wound healing. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cell penetrating peptide TAT-modified liposomes loaded with salvianolic acid B( SAB-TAT-LIP) on proliferation,migration and cell cycle of human skin fibroblasts( HSF),and preliminarily evaluate its effect on prevention and treatment of HS. HSF were cultured in vitro,and MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of SAB-TAT-LIP on cell proliferation. Cell migration was assessed by Transwell chamber method and scratch method; and cell cycle change was detected by flow cytometry. In vitro cell studies showed that blank liposome basically had no toxic effect on HSF. Different concentrations of SABTAT-LIP inhibited proliferation on HSF in varying degrees after intervention for different periods in a dose and time dependent manner;meanwhile,SAB-TAT-LIP significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of HSF. At the same time,SAB-TAT-LIP could block the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase after intervention for 48 h,P<0.01 as compared with the blank control group. Conclusively,our experimental data quantitatively demonstrate that SAB-TAT-LIP has significant inhibitory effect on cells proliferation,invasion and migration,with blocking effect on G0/G1 phase. This may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for transdermal delivery in prevention and treatment of HS.

Preparation of cell penetrating peptide TAT-modified liposomes loaded with salvianolic acid B and its effect on proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblasts / 中草药

Objective To prepare the liposomes of salvianolic acid B modified with cell penetrating peptide TAT (SAB-TAT-LIP), of which has effects on preventing and treating hypertrophic scars (HS), and establish the method of quality evaluation, as well as preliminarily investigate the effect on the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblasts (HSF). Methods Liposomes were prepared by pH gradient reverse-phase evaporation method, and the entrapment efficiency was measured by ultrafiltration. Box-Behnken design was performed to optimize the formulation of liposomes by using encapsulation rate as evaluating index. The physicochemical properties of liposomes including morphology, entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, in vitro release and transdermal absorption, and stability were studied. In addition, the effect of liposomes on proliferation of HSF was examined by MTT assay, and the effect of liposomes on migration of HSF was investigated by scratching method and Transwell assay. Results Based on the optimal formulation of SAB-TAT-LIP, the entrapment efficiency of salvianolic acid B was (86.70 ± 0.85)%, the average particle size was (219.90 ± 5.09) nm, and the zeta potential was (-9.25 ± 0.92). The in vitro 24 h cumulative release was 62.49% of the total drug with no burst effect. The in vitro 32 h cumulated skin penetration rate was 17.21%, the permeance rate was (28.33 ± 4.9) μg/(cm2∙h), and the retention volume of dermis was (44.39 ± 6.87) μg/cm2. The stability was good when placed at 4 ℃ for 10 d. The in vitro cell studies showed that SAB-TAT-LIP can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of human skin fibroblasts, compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion The optimized SAB-TAT-LIP have higher encapsulation efficiency, smaller particle size, good sustained release effect, and good dermal retention effect which all satisfy the in vitro release and transdermal regulation of local transdermal preparation, and it can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of human skin fibroblasts in vitro.

Effect of Alpha2-macroglobulin on Anti-Oxidation and Anti-Fibrosis in Human Skin Fibroblasts after X-ray Irradiation / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To explore the effect of alpha2-macroglobulin(α2M)on superoxide anion(.O2-)content, superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and the process of cell-to-myofibroblast transformation in human skin fibroblasts (HSF)after X-ray irradiation.[Methods]HSF cells were irradiated with 0,5,10,15 and 20 Gy X-ray.The change of. O2- content and SOD activity in the supernatant of cell culture medium were measured on the first day after irradiation. The protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)was detected by Western blot on the fifth day after irradia-tion.The most sensitive radiation dose is selected.HSF cells were irradiated with the above sensitive dose.Respectively, 1h before irradiation,1 h after irradiation,the experimental group cell culture medium was added to a final concentration of 0.25 mg/mL,0.5 mg/mL of α2M.The change of.O2-content,SOD activity and the protein expression of α-SMA were detected.[Results]HSF cells were irradiated with 5~20 Gy doses of X-ray..O2- content increased,SOD activity de-creased and α-SMA protein expression increased gradually(P<0.05).The addition of α2M at 1 h after 10Gy X-ray irradi-ation reduced the.O2- content,increased the SOD activity and downregulated the protein expression of α-SMA in HSF cells(P<0.05). There was no significant change in the administration at 1 h before irradiation.[Conclusion]HSF cells increased.O2-content significantly,while SOD activity decreased,and the tendency to transform myofibroblasts after X-ray irradiation.α2M can reduce the.O2-content,increase the SOD activity in HSF cells and inhibit the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts after irradiation.Indicating that α2M can play a role in radiation protection by anti-oxida-tion and anti-fibrosis.

Effects of lycium barbarum polysaccharide on UV-mediated DNA strand breakage damage in HSF cells / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on DNA damage of HSF cells induced by UV.Methods We established the model of UV induced photo damage in HSF cells.We detected the viability of HSF cells by using MTT colorimetry.The UV absorption spectrum of LBP was also measured by UV spectrophotometer.The level of ROS was detected by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe method.Comet assay was employed to evaluate the DNA strand breakage damage.Results When the concentration of LBP was less than or equal to 300μg/ml,there was no significant effect on the proliferation of HSF cells (P＞0.05).When the concentration was more than 300 μg/ml,it could inhibit the cell proliferative activities (P＜0.05).Compared to the UV groups,UV+LBP groups can respectively improve the cell proliferation activity (P＜0.05).The absorbance was slight range 280 from 400 nm.Compared with the UV group,the relative fluorescence intensity and the migration distance of UV+ LBP groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusions Lycium barbarum polysaccharide can effectively inhibit the proliferation activity and protect the breakage of DNA strand induced by UV,which is probably due to its action of removing free radicals.

DNA damage effects on human skin keratinocytes induced by sulphur mustard / 军事医学

Objective To investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of sulphur mustard on DNA damage of human immortalized epidermal keratinocytes (HacaT cells).Methods The inhibitory effect of sulphur mustard on the proliferation of HacaT cells was detected by CCK-8 method.The apoptosis index of cells was measured by Annexin V-FITC method.The effects of sulphur mustard on DNA damage were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis.The expression levels of DNA damage and repair related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The proliferation rate of HacaT cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with sulphur mustard for 24 h (IC50 value was 121 mol/L).The apoptotic and comet tailing rates of cells treated with sulphur mustard also increased in a dose-dependent manner.The expression levels of DNA damage and repair related proteins were changed after treatment with sulphur mustard.Conclusion Sulphur mustard has significant cytotoxic effect on HacaT cells,and can induce apoptosis and DNA damage.In addition,ATM-P53-γH2AX-PARP signaling pathway plays an important role in the repair of DNA damage induced by sulphur mustard.

Repression effect of metformin on photo-damage of human skin fibroblasts induced by UVA / 基础医学与临床

Objective To determine the inhibitory effect and mechanism of metformin ( MF) on photo-damage of human skin fibroblasts ( HSF) induced by UVA .Methods Human skin fibroblasts were randomly divided into con-trol group, UVA group and UVA+MF group.The proliferation of HSF was detected by CCK-8 assay kit.SA-β-gal staining was performed to evaluate the senescence state .The level of ROS was examined by fluorescence probe DCF-DA staining using flow cytometry .Real-time PCR was used to determine mRNA expression of senescence -asso-ciated signals of MMP 1 and MMP3.The protein expression of MMP 1, MMP3, SOD1 and SOD2 were measured by Western blot .R esults To the proliferation of HSF , 0.01 mmol/L Metformin had no significant effect , but 0.1 and 1 mmol/L Metformin depressed significantly ( P<0.05 ) .Compared with the Control group , it showed that UVA irradiation increased the positive rate of SA-β-gal staining ( P<0.01 ) , the level of ROS ( P<0.05 ) , mRNA and protein expression of MMP1 and MMP3 significantly(P<0.01);Also decreased the expression of SOD1 and SOD2 ( P<0.01) .Compared with the UVA group , it showed that metformin decreased the positive rate of SA-β-gal staining (P<0.05), the level of ROS(P<0.05), mRNA and protein expression of MMP1 and MMP3 significantly(P<0.05);Also increased the expression of SOD 1 ( P<0.01 ) and SOD2.Conclusions Metfomin can inhibit photo-damage of human skin fibroblasts induced by UVA via decreasing ROS and metal matrix protease generation , also the improvement of cellular antioxidant capacity .

Influence of Chemical- and Natural-Based Lotions on Bacterial Communities in Human Forearm Skin

Purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a lotion on the bacterial community in the human forearm skin. The chemical- and natural-based lotions were applied on the left and right inner forearm skins, respectively, of 14 participants, who cleansed forearm skin using sterilized cotton swabs. The germs on cotton swabs were analyzed using libraries of PCR amplicons. The genetic diversity of the bacterial communities detected on the natural-based lotion-applied skin (NLS) was significantly higher than that of the bacterial communities on the chemical-based lotion-applied skin (CLS) in all participants, except two. The diversity was estimated based on operational taxonomic unit (OTU), Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices. Bacterial communities obtained from the CLS and NLS were phylogenetically separated into 5 and 3 monophyletic groups, respectively, based on lotion types. The taxonomic distribution of the bacterial communities, which were composed of 198 genera in 14 phyla in the CLS and NLS, respectively, was irregularly and biasedly separated into 2 groups based on the lotion types. Among the 14 phyla, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were found to be relatively dominant, and 15 of the 198 genera, including Methylobacterium, Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Bacillus were relatively dominant (>0.5%). The taxonomic distribution of dominant bacterial communities from CLS and NLS was irregularly and biasedly separated without relation to the lotion types. In conclusion, the chemical- and natural-based lotions were responsible for changing or influencing the genetic diversity, phylogenetic separation, and taxonomic distribution of skin bacterial communities.

Desenvolvimento de pele humana reconstruída contendo equivalente dérmico glicado na avaliação da eficácia e toxicidade de compostos anti-glicação / Development of reconstructed human skin containing glycated dermal equivalent to toxicity and efficacy tests of anti-glycation compounds

A glicação não enzimática das proteínas é um fator comum para a fisiopatologia de uma série de transtornos relacionados ao envelhecimento e a doenças como o diabetes mellitus (DM). O geração dos produtos de glicação, os AGEs (do inglês: Advanced Glycation End Products) se dá através de reações de glicação da mariz extracelular (MEC) na derme e têm sido apontado como um dos fatores responsáveis pela perda de elasticidade e deficiência de cicatrização da pele. A permeação cutânea de compostos anti-AGE é uma limitação importante para eficiência terapêutica de compostos que devem atingir camadas mais profundas da pele. Modelos de pele reconstruída contendo equivalente dérmico glicado são estruturas tridimensionais geradas in vitro que mimetizam a pele humana e representam um eficiente modelo para o estudo de células e modificações provocadas na MEC no processo de envelhecimento e DM. O modelo 3D de pele reconstruída tem características metabólicas, de permeabilidade e atividade semelhantes à da pele original, potencializando seu papel nas investigações sobre permeabilidade de drogas, toxicidade, irritação, eficácia e segurança de compostos e diferenciação de queratinócitos. Uma série de compostos naturais ou sintéticos inibidores de AGEs têm sido descobertos e apresentados recentemente e podem representar inovação terapêutica no tratamento de modificações causadas pela a formação e acúmulo destes AGEs também na pele. Este estudo avaliou o desenvolvimento da pele reconstruída glicada e posteriormente, a avaliação da eficácia e toxicidade de compostos anti-glicação como aminoguanidina e carnosina em modelo de pele reconstruída glicada. Em perspectiva, este estudo contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de uma nova tecnologia in vitro, a pele reconstruída glicada, que auxiliará a compreensão da biologia da interação célula-MEC mimetizando processos fisiopatológicos importantes como o envelhecimento e o DM

The Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) of proteins is a common factor to the pathophysiology of a number of disorders related to aging and diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). The generation of the AGEs products on skin occurs mainly through non-enzymatic glycation reactions of the dermal extracellular matrix and has been touted as one of the factors responsible for loss of elasticity and disability of skin healing. The skin permeation of compounds is an important limitation for therapeutic/cosmetic efficacy of anti-AGE compounds, which must reach the deepest layers of the skin. Reconstructed skin model containing dermal equivalent modified by in vitro glycation is able to mimic the elderly human skin and represent an efficient model for the study of cells interactions and changes in extracellular matrix induced by aging and diabetes. The 3D reconstructed skin model has metabolic characteristics, permeability and activity similar to the original skin, reinforcing its role in drug permeability of investigations toxicity, irritation, safety and efficacy evaluation of compounds and differentiation of keratinocytes. A number of natural or synthetic AGEs inhibitor compounds have been recently discovered and displayed and can represent therapeutic innovation for the treatment of changes caused by the aging of the skin. In this study we performed the development of reconstructed glycated skin model and evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of anti-glycation compounds such as aminoguanidine and carnosine. In perspective, this study has contributed to the development of a new technology in vitro, and for the understanding cell-extracellular matrix interaction during the aging of skin

Advances in research on lipid artificial skin membrane / 中国药学杂志

The pre-design and formulation optimization of transdermal drug delivery preparations require a large amount of animal or human skin samples for percutaneous absorption experiments in vitro. However, the use of animal and human skins is more and more restricted and its reproducibility and quality can not be guaranteed, which stimulated the development of artificial skin model. Lipid artificial skin membrane is a model using the lipid composition of the skin to mimic the skin barrier function. It can be used as a tool for high-throughput screening of drugs. Because of its adjustable and flexible properties, it can be applied for different research purposes. In this paper, the composition, preparation, application and characterization of common lipid artificial skin membranes are reviewed, and the prospect is also discussed.

Age Changes in Human Skin from 3 Years to Years of Age.

Background: Natural aging process is reflected by gradual changes in the structure of the skin. These changes become very marked in old age. The changes in the epidermis and dermis as age advances is reflected externally as wrinkling, dryness, loss of elasticity , thinning and tendency towards purpurae on minor injury. So the aim of this study is to measure the thickness of the epidermis. Materials and Methods: The study was done in skin specimens by grouping the individuals in 4 age groups namely Group A (3-20yrs), Group B (21-50yrs), Group C (51-65yrs and Group D (>65yrs).The specimens were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain and the changes in the thickness of the epidermis was observed. Results: The epidermis was found to be thin in children from 3years of age. The thickness of the epidermis starts increasing in young individuals and is thick till 50 years of age. Then the thickness of the epidermis starts reducing and becomes very thin in older persons. Conclusion: As the average life expectancy is increasing, the aging of skin presents a growing problem for the dermatologists. The computer system for image processing and analysis has made possible, measuring the thickness of the epidermis. Human aging is characterized by a number of disorders like epidermolysis bullosa and phemphigus vulgaris affecting the structure of the skin. So it is necessary to study the normal changes that occur in the skin as age advances which predisposes to various disorders. The study is done among Indian population.

Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Suppresses Ultraviolet B-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinases via Inhibition of JNK and ERK Signaling in Human Keratinocytes

Skin aging is the most readily observable process involved in human aging. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation causes photo-oxidation via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby damaging the nucleus and cytoplasm of skin cells and ultimately leading to cell death. Recent studies have shown that high levels of solar UVB irradiation induce the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in skin fibroblasts, causing photo-aging and tumor progression. The MMP family is involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes such as arthritis and metastasis. We investigated the effect of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) against damage induced by UVB radiation in human skin keratinocytes. In UVB-irradiated cells, DPHC significantly reduced expression of MMP mRNA and protein, as well as activation of MMPs. Furthermore, DPHC reduced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, which act upstream of c-Fos and c-Jun, respectively; consequently, DPHC inhibited the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun, which are key components of activator protein-1 (AP-1, up-regulator of MMPs). Additionally, DPHC abolished the DNA-binding activity of AP-1, and thereby prevented AP-1-mediated transcriptional activation. These data demonstrate that by inactivating ERK and JNK, DPHC inhibits induction of MMPs triggered by UVB radiation.

LATS1-YAP pathway regulate proliferation of human skin fibroblast and synthesis of extracellular matrix / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To study the proliferation of human skin fibroblast and synthesis of extracellular matrix which were regulated by LATS1-YAP pathway. Methods They were divided into three groups:control groups, LATS1 siRNA intervention group and YAP siRNA treatment group. Using LATS1 siRNA transferred human skin fibroblasts cell lines HS27 in LATS1 siRNA intervention group, and using YAP siRNA transferred HS27 in YAP siRNA treatment group. Expression of LATS1,YAP and collageⅠwere detected by western-blot 48 h later, and the activity of HS27 cells was determined by MTT. Results Compared with control group,expression of LATS1 protein decreased while expression of YAP protein and collagenⅠprotein increased 48 h after LATS1 siRNA transfection. Expression of LATS1 protein remains un-changed and expression of YAP protein and collagenⅠprotein decreased 48 h after YAP siRNA transfection. Conclusion LATS1-YAP pathway could regulate proliferation of human skin fibroblast and synthesis of extracellular matrix. It provides a potential therapeutic targets for skin wound repair and cicatrization.

Evaluation of percutaneous permeation of repellent DEET and sunscreen oxybenzone from emulsion-based formulations in artificial membrane and human skin

Insect repellent DEET and sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone play an essential role in minimizing vector-borne diseases and skin cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emulsion type, addition of thickening agent and droplet size in three emulsion-based lotions on percutaneous permeation of DEET and oxybenzone using in vitro diffusion experiments, in order to minimize overall systemic permeation of the substances. Formulation C (water-in-oil emulsion) significantly increased overall permeation of DEET through human skin (56%) compared to Formulation A (oil-in-water emulsion). Formulation B (oil-in-water emulsion with thickening agent xanthan gum) significantly decreased the size of oil droplet containing DEET (16%), but no effect on oil droplets containing oxybenzone. Adding xanthan gum also increased overall permeation of DEET and oxybenzone (21% and 150%) when compared to Formulation A; presence of both ingredients in Formulation B further increased their permeation (36% and 23%) in comparison to its single counterparts. Overall permeation of oxybenzone through LDPE was significantly higher by 26%-628% than that through human skin; overall permeation of DEET through human skin was significantly higher by 64%-338% than that through LDPE.

Human skin as revealed by optical and electron microscopy / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective]The skin is the biggest organ in the body. The human epidermis functions as a defence against various antigens in addition to physical and bio-chemical protection. The dermis consists of dense connective tissue which contains the circulatory system and sensory nerve endings. In this paper, regional differences in the structures of human skin are described.<BR>[Materials and Methods]The skin of different regions in the human body was examined by optical and electron microscopy and by utilizing various morphological techniques. <BR>[Results and Discussion]Epidermis:The cornified layer in the finger pulp and heel, which receives strong mechanical stimuli, is considerably thicker than other regions. The germinal layer consisting of spinous and basal layers becomes thinner with aging. Langerhans cells that produce antigens are scattered in the germinal layer. Furthermore, Merkel cells situated at the basal layer are found in the finger pulp, bottom of the foot and the hair disks of limbs. These cells are involved in the sense of touch or pressure. Dermis:The dermis is divided into the papillary and reticular layers, which consist of loose and dense connective tissue, respectively. In the papillary layer, fibrocytes and mast cells are distributed. Large-sized dermal papillae are found the in finger pulp and bottom of the foot, but there are also a few small papillae in other regions. In large papillae, loops of blood capillaries and Meissner's tactile corpuscles were observed. In addition, large-sized lymphatic capillaries are present in the papillary layer.A dense network of free endings, which are situated beneath the epidermis and are responsible for thermal nociception, are abundant in the face, palm, forearm and sacrum. Corpuscles of Vater-Pacini situated in the deep dermis or subcutaneous tissue are found in the finger pulp, and bottom of the foot. <BR>[Conclusion]In conclusion, it is likely that acupuncture and moxibustion may directly or indirectly stimulate Langerhans cells, Merkel cells, fibrocytes, mast cells or various nerve endings.

Isolation and cultivation of keratinocyte stem-like cells from human skin dermis / 中国组织工程研究

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.012

Effect of estrogen on proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblast / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the biological effects of estrogen (17β-E2) on the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblast (HSFB).Methods HSFBs were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion.The fourth generation of HSFBs were adopted; (1) the proliferating effect of diverse concentrations of 17β-E2 and 17β-E2+ ICI-182780 on HSFBs was determined with MTT method at 24,48,72,96 h; (2) the influence of 17β-E2 and ICI-182780 to HSFBs cycle distribution were determined with flow cytometry; (3) the migration effect of diverse concentrations of 17β-E2 and 17β-E2+ICI-182780 on HSFBs was determined at 24,48,and 72 hours after the creation of the scratch-wound in vitro.Results (1) The proliferating speed of HSFBs in 10-10mol/L 17β-E2 group (group A)was the highest of all at 48,72,96 h,which was higher than that in ICI-182780+10-10mol/L 17β-E2 group (group B) and control group (group C) (P＜0.01) ;(2) the HSFBs during the S phase in group A was more than that in groups B and C (P＜0.01),while the HSFBs during the G0/G1 phase was less than that in groups B and C (P＜0.01); (3) the migrating effect of HSFBs in 10-8mol/L 17β-E2 group (group D) was the highest of all at 48 h,which was higher than that in ICI-182780+10-10mol/L control group (group E)and control group (group F) (P＜0.01).Conclusions The concentration of 10-10mol/L estrogen has the strongest effect of promoting proliferation and that of 10-8mol/L has the strongest chemotaxis; ICI-182780 can abate the above effect effectively.