Not Just for Tobacco Users Anymore!!! The Emerging Evidence of Human Papilloma Virus: An Overview.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have a broad and varying rate of incidence and mortality around the world. Tobacco smoking and chewing, alcohol consumption are the main etiological agents for HNSCC and have been estimated to account for the majority of disease burden worldwide. Over the past 20 years, there has been an increasing awareness about the human papilloma virus (HPV), the necessary cause of cancer of the cervix that has been etiologically linked with oropharyngeal cancer. Often diagnosed at a late stage this subset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has an affi nity for the oropharynx and tends to show low diff erentiation histopathologically and better prognosis regardless of the treatment strategy. Th e HPV belongs to the papillomavaviridiae group of virus which can infect the mucosal and cutaneous epithelia in a species-specifi c manner inducing cellular proliferation. Th e HPV can cause active subclinical infection without clinical signs or can also cause clinical infection that can lead to benign, potentially malignant or malignant lesions. Hence, this overview attempts to focus on the relevant characteristics of HPV and its role in oropharyngeal cancer.

Significance of detection of suPAR, SCC-Ag and HPV16, 18 in patients with cervical cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To evaluate the significance of suPAR,SCC-Ag in plasma and HPV16,18 in cervical secretion for monitoring pathogenetic condition and prognosis in patients with cervical cancer.Methods 206 cervical cancer patients blood and cervical secretion were collected.Plasma level of suPAR and SCC-Ag were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in health women and patients with cervical cancer.The expression of HPV16,18 of cervical secretion in control group and patients with cervical cancer were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.The correlations of the three indexes were analyzed.Results The plasma level of suPAR and SCC-Ag,the expression of HPV16,18 of cervical secretion in cervical cancer patients were obviously higher than those in health controls with statistical significance ((1.072 5±0.305 2) ng/ml vs (0.501 7±0.179 3) ng/ml,(0.980 6±0.162 7) μg/ml vs (0.261 4± 0.006 3) μg/ml and 53.89 ％ (90/167),46.15 ％ (18/39) vs 6.67 ％ (4/60),P ＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation between plasma suPAR level and SCC-Ag level in invasive carcinoma of cervix patients (r =0.564,P ＜ 0.05).The plasma level of suPAR between in HPV16,18 positive group and in HPV16,18 negative group did not show difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In invasive carcinoma of cervix patients,there is a positive correlation between plasma suPAR level and SCC-Ag level.But it's not yet to conclude that plasma suPAR level of cervix invasive carcinoma patients is related to infection of HPV16,18.

¿Es el momento de vacunar contra el Virus del Papiloma Humano en Colombia? / Is it time to vaccinate against human papilloma virus in Colombia?

Objetivo: analizar el estado actual de la evidencia de la vacunación para el virus de papiloma humano (VPH) a nivel poblacional teniendo como referente su posible aplicación en Colombia. Metodología: evaluación de estudios fase III sobre las vacunas contra el VPH: estudios de los grupos FUTURE I, II y PATRICIA. Se reflexiona sobre su generalización a nivel poblacional y se analizan factores que limitan su uso. Resultados: la evaluación de estos estudios encuentra limitaciones metodológicas que controvierten la eficacia presentada en las publicaciones de los estudios como son la elección de variables sustitutas inadecuadas, análisis de resultados con variables primarias compuestas que son heterogéneas, análisis por protocolo y no por intención de tratamiento, criterios de inclusión que no sustentan la aplicación poblacional de la vacuna en menores de 15 años y factores que pueden afectar la validez de los estudios como conflictos de intereses y origen del patrocinio. De otra parte, se presentan reportes de complicaciones con la aplicación de la vacuna que brindan una mejor información sobre el verdadero comportamiento de este método de prevención por fuera del diseño experimental. Conclusiones: para el momento de esta revisión no se tiene la suficiente evidencia que sustente la inclusión de la vacuna contra el VPH como programa de vacunación poblacional en Colombia

Objective: analysing current evidence regarding proposals for vaccinating the Colombian population against human papilloma virus (HPV). Methodology: assessing HPV vaccine phase III studies (FUTURE I, II and PATRICIA study groups). Comments are made regarding generalising such vaccination amongst the general population, also taking factors limiting their use into consideration. Results: methodological limitations were found when assessing these studies thereby challenging the importance of the efficacy found in such studies such as the choice of inadequate substitutes, analysing results involving heterogeneous primary compounds, analysis by protocol and not by intention to treat, inclusion criteria which did not underpin a general vaccination programme for girls aged younger than 15 and factors which could affect the validity of the studies such as conflicts of interests and sources of sponsorship. Several complications have been reported regarding how the vaccine has been applied, providing better information about this prevention method’s real behaviour (i.e. when taken beyond its experimental design stage). Conclusions: there was not sufficient evidence to recommend introducing HPV vaccination within Colombian immunisation schedules when this review was made