RESUMO
The foundation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is closely related to the minimally invasive surgery progress. In the development of ERAS, technology is utilized and humanistic factors are integrated to make it higher than technology, thus enriching the connotation and extension of ERAS. Based on the progress of ERAS in various fields of surgery in recent years, the current situation and strategies of clinical application of ERAS are summarized. First, the clinical practice of ERAS is inevitable for minimally invasive surgery progress. Second, the development of surgery theory and technology has deepened and expanded the connotation and extension of ERAS. Thirdly, the clinical application of ERAS requires us to renew our ideas. Fourth, the clinical practice of ERAS requires reasonable choice of medical service and medical intervention. The fifth is to the practical problems and strategies in clinical application of ERAS, to understand the complete clinical significance of ERAS, and better guide clinical practice.
RESUMO
The paper first offers a comprehensive analysis of the existing social understanding of medical errors and then discusses from the angles of humanistic factors and cognitive theories the concepts of operational errors, decisional errors and latent errors, error occurrence mechanisms, system related error occurrence, and ways of designing a safety system that can prevent error occurrence. The paper sets forth 8 aspects that ought to be stressed in the safety design of a patient care system: ①attaching great importance to medical safety; ②discovering errors in a timely manner; ③reducing reliance on memories; ④using force and restraint; ⑤avoiding over reliance on human vigilance; ⑥simplifying and standardizing key procedures; ⑦designing system buffer and recovery functions; ⑧establishing non punitive reporting systems.