RESUMO
Objective To investigate the incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)symptoms among 3-10-year-old children and its relationship with sleep.Methods Taking gender,grade (junior in kindergarten to third grade),and region(urban and rural areas) as stratification variable,1 535 children aged 3 to 10 years old were selected by random in six areas nationwide.ADHD Rating Scale-Ⅳ-Parent Version and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were adopted to investigate ADHD symptoms and sleep of these children.Results 24.95％ of the investigated children had ADHD symptoms.Boys scored higher than girls in all indicators(boys:Inattention (IA):(9.21±3.75),Hyperactivity-Impulsivity (HI):(8.62± 3.87),Total:(17.82±7.01),girls:IA:(8.16±3.77),HI:(7.32±3.76),Total:(15.48±6.98)) while girls had higher incidence of ADHD symptoms than boys (girls:IA:16.19％,HI:27.02％,Total:32.51％,boys:IA:11.70％,HI:8.19％,Total:17.43％).Peak incidence occured in children aged 7-9 (7 years old group:IA:18.22％,HI:21.93 ％,Total:38.66％,8 years old group:IA:20.66％,HI:23.25 ％,Total:38.01％,9 years old group:IA:18.22％,HI:33.78％,Total:32.00％).Rural children had higher incidence of ADHD symptoms than urban children(rural children:IA:18.37％,HI:18.37％,Total:29.48％,urban children:IA:10.47％,HI:15.12％,Total:21.40％).Logistic regression results showed that sleep quality,sleep disorder and daily dysfunction can predict the incidence of ADHD symptoms to a certain degree.Conclusion The incidence of ADHD symptoms appear to be high in children evaluating by ADHD Rating Scale-Ⅳ-Parent Version.More attention should be paid to girls and rural children' s ADHD symptoms.7-9 years old children have the highest incidence of ADHD symptoms.The more problems in daytime dysfunction,sleep disorders and bedtime,the more ADHD symptoms will be observed.