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This article aimed to discuss the protection of trans - nerolidol on vascular endothelial cells (ECs) injured by lipopolysac charides. ECs were divided into four groups: normal, model, low and high dose trans - nerolidol treatment groups. The cell survival rate and the contents of NO in the cell culture supernatant were determined. The protein expression and transcript level of pe roxisome proliferator - activated receptor - γ (PPARγ), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were determined by western blotting and RT - PCR respectively. Compared with the normal group, cell livability, protein e xpression and mRNA transcript level of PPARγ and eNOS decreased, NO contents, protein expression and mRNA transcript tlevel of iNOS increased in model group significantly. Compared with model group, all the changes recovered in different degree in treatmen t groups. Hence, it was concluded that trans - nerolidol can alleviate the ECs injuryby the regulation of iNOS/eNOS through activating PPARγ in a dose - dependent manner
Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la protección del trans - nerolidol en las células endoteliales vasculares (CE) dañadas por lipopolisacáridos. Las CE se di vidieron en cuatro grupos: normal, modelo, grupos de tratamiento con trans - nerolidol de baja y alta dosis. Se determinó la tasa de supervivencia de las células y los contenidos de óxido nítrico (NO) en el sobrenadante del cultivo celular. La expresión de p roteínas y el nivel de transcripción del receptor activado por proliferadores de peroxisomas - γ (PPARγ), el óxido nítrico sint et asa endotelial (eNOS) y el óxido nítrico sint et asa inducible (iNOS) se determinaron mediante western blot y RT - PCR, respectivamen te. En comparación con el grupo normal, la viabilidad celular, la expresión de proteínas y el nivel de transcripción de PPARγ y eNOS disminuyeron, los contenidos de NO, la expresión de proteínas y el nivel de transcripción de iNOS aumentaron significativam ente en el grupo modelo. En comparación con el grupo modelo, todos los cambios se recuperaron en diferentes grados en los grupos de tratamiento. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que el trans - nerolidol puede aliviar el daño en las CE regulando iNOS/eNOS a través d e la activación de PPARγ de manera dependiente de la dosis.
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Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
El presente estudio es una comparación del dolor abdominal producido por trastornos gastrointestinales, aliviado por Ageratina ligustrina , entre los grupos maya Tzeltal, Tzotzil y Q Ìeqchi Ì, el cual integró un enfoque etnomédico, etnobotánico y transcultural, comparando estudios previos con el presente trabajo de campo. Para evaluar la eficacia de Ageratina para aliviar el dolor abdominal, se realizó un inventario de las moléculas reportadas en esta especie, así como de su actividad farmacológica, a través de una revisión bibliográfica. Los resultados mostraron que la epidemiología del dolor producido por TGI, su etnobotánica y el modelo explicativo del dolor abdominal fueron similares entre grupos étnicos. Asimismo, se identificaron 27 moléculas con efectos antiinflamatorios y antinociceptivos, lo que podría explicar por qué esta especie es culturalmente importante para los pobladores maya Tzeltal, Tzotzil y Q Ìeqch i Ì para el alivio del dolor abdominal, mientras que, desde el punto de vista biomédico, es una especie con potencial para inhibir el dolor visceral.
The current study is a comparison of the abdominal pain conception produced by gastrointestinal disorders, relieved by Ageratina ligustrina , among inhabitants of the Mayan Tzeltal, Tzotzil, and Q'eqchi' groups ethnomedical, ethnobotanical, and cross -cultural approaches were used to compare previous studies with the present field work. To evaluate the efficacy of A. ligustrina to relieve pain, also through a bibliographic review an inventory of the molecules present in this species was performed, as well as their pharmacological activity. The results showed that the epidemiology of pain produced by GID, its ethnobotany, and the explanatory model of abdominal pain are similar among ethnic groups. Likewise, 27 molecules with anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects were identified, which could explain why this species is culturally important for the Mayan Tzeltal, Tzotzil, and Q'eqchi' groups for the relief of abdominal pain, while, from a biomedical point of view, it is a species with potential to inhibit visceral pain.
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Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Dor Abdominal/tratamento farmacológico , Ageratina , Etnobotânica , Gastroenteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , MéxicoRESUMO
La displasia dentinaria tipo I (DD-I) corresponde a una alteración dentinaria de heterogeneidad genética y penetrancia completa, en donde se presenta un defecto en el desarrollo de las raíces de los dientes tanto temporales como definitivos. Clínicamente se observan dientes con extrema movilidad junto con antecedentes de exfoliación prematura o espontánea. Los defectos estructurales de los tejidos dentarios, tales como DD-I; implican un desafío ya que son pocos los casos documentados en la literatura que hablan de esta condición. Además implican un tratamiento multidisciplinario y altamente invasivo. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar dos casos de DD-I, enfatizando en su tratamiento y características histopatológicas.
Dentin Dysplasia Type I (DD-I) consists of a pathological dentinary alteration with genetic heterogeneity that results in a defectuous development of dental roots both in primary and secondary dentition. Clinically we can appreciate teeth with extreme pathological mobility and premature or spontaneous exfoliation. Alterations within normal dental structure, such as DD-I imply a challenge for the common practitioner, because of the scarce number of case reports with in the scientific literature regarding this condition and also, because of the need for a highly invasive and multidisciplinary approach they require. The aim of this article is to present two DD-I cases, emphasizing on their treatment and histopathological features.
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SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to observe the clinical efficacy of apatinib (AP) combined with 131I in the treatment of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) and the prognostic significance of MIP-1α after treatment, and to provide reference and guidance for future treatment and disease assessment of RAIR-DTC. One hundred and six patients with RAIR- DTC admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to October 2020 were selected for the study. All the patients were treated with TC surgery with 131I at our hospital, and 58 of them were subsequently transferred to AP treatment, which was considered as the research group; the other 48 patients were transferred to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression treatment, which was considered as the control group. The clinical efficacy of the research group was better than that of the control group (P 0.05). After treatment, Tg, TL, maximum diameter of C/B lymph nodes, number of lymph nodes and number of calcified spots were lower in the research group than in the control group (P < 0.05). ROC analysis revealed that the predictive sensitivity of MIP-1α for prognosis of 3-year RAIR-DTC death in the research group of patients was 84.63 % and the specificity was 72.16 %. AP combined with 131I is effective in the treatment of RAIR-DTC and is worth using in the clinical practice. In addition, elevated levels of MIP-1α predicted a poor prognosis for patients with RAIR-DTC.
El objetivo de este estudio fue observar la eficacia clínica de apatinib (AP) combinado con 131I en el tratamiento del cáncer de tiroides diferenciado refractario al yodo radiactivo (RAIR-DTC) y la importancia pronóstica de MIP-1α después del tratamiento, y proporcionar referencia y orientación para futuros tratamientos y enfermedades. Evaluación de RAIR- DTC. Se seleccionaron para el estudio 106 pacientes con RAIR- DTC ingresados en nuestro hospital desde enero de 2019 hasta octubre de 2020. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados con cirugía CT con 131I, y 58 de ellos fueron trasladados posteriormente a tratamiento AP, los que fueron considerados como grupo de investigación; los otros 48 pacientes fueron transferidos a tratamiento de supresión de la hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH), que se consideró como grupo de control. La eficacia clínica del grupo de investigación fue mejor que la del grupo de control (P 0,05). Después del tratamiento, Tg, TL, diámetro máximo de los linfonodos C/B, número linfonodos y número de manchas calcificadas fueron menores en el grupo de investigación que en el grupo de control (P <0,05). El análisis ROC reveló que la sensibilidad predictiva de MIP-1α para el pronóstico de muerte por RAIR-DTC a 3 años en el grupo de pacientes de investigación fue del 84,63 % y la especificidad fue del 72,16 %. AP combinado con 131I es eficaz en el tratamiento del RAIR-DTC y vale la pena utilizarlo en la práctica clínica. Además, los niveles elevados de MIP-1α predijeron un mal pronóstico para los pacientes con RAIR- DTC.
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SUMMARY: The angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE) has been associated with endurance and strength performance through its I/D polymorphism. Nevertheless, contradictory results exist between different populations. In this context, the purpose of this research was to determine the influence of the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene on muscle strength in a sedentary Chilean sample. In this study 102 healthy male students (21.3 ± 2.2 years) completed the assessment. I/D genotyping, cardiovascular, anthropometric, grip strength and knee extensor peak strength were evaluated. The ACE polymorphism frequency was: II, 33.3 %; ID, 46.1 %; DD, 20.6 %. The results showed significant differences and large effect size in maximum (p = 0.004; d = 0.85) and relative handgrip strength (p = 0.004; d = 0.9) between genotype II vs DD. No difference was found for maximal or relative knee extensor strength between groups (p = 0.74), showing a low effect size (d = 0.20). In conclusion, this study provides insights into the role of the ACE gene in muscle strength and highlights the importance of investigating genetic variants in sedentary populations to better understand strength performance.
El gen de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ACE) se ha asociado con el rendimiento de resistencia y fuerza a través de su polimorfismo I/D. Sin embargo, existen resultados contradictorios entre diferentes poblaciones. En este contexto, el propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la influencia del polimorfismo I/D del gen ACE sobre la fuerza muscular en una muestra chilena sedentaria. En este estudio, fueron evaluados 102 estudiantes varones sanos (21,3 ± 2,2 años). Se realizaron aplicaron las siguientes evaluaciones: genotipado del polimorfismo I/D, cardiovascular, antropométrica, fuerza de prensión y fuerza máxima de extensión de rodilla. La frecuencia del polimorfismo I/D de ACE fue: II, 33,3 %; DNI, 46,1 %; DD, 20,6 %. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas y un gran tamaño del efecto en la fuerza máxima (p = 0,004; d = 0,85) y relativa de prensión manual (p = 0,004; d = 0,9) entre el genotipo II y el DD. No se encontraron diferencias en la fuerza máxima o relativa de los extensores de rodilla entre los grupos (p = 0,74), lo que muestra un tamaño de efecto bajo (d = 0,20). En conclusión, este estudio proporciona información sobre el papel del gen ACE en la fuerza muscular y destaca la importancia de investigar variantes genéticas en poblaciones sedentarias para comprender mejor el rendimiento de la fuerza.
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Abstract Introduction Lips play a fundamental role in facial attractiveness and in decisions pertaining to orthognathic surgery. Objective To assess the upper lip changes following Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement and/or impaction. Methods In the present retrospective non-randomized clinical trial, we evaluated 3 groups of patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla. Group 1 (n = 35) underwent maxillary advancement, group 2 (n = 14), maxillary impaction, and group 3 (n = 11 ) was submitted to both maxillary advancement and impaction. The lip thickness of all patients was measured preoperatively, and the participants in each group were categorized into two subgroups: thin (< 12 mm) and thick (> 12 mm) lip. The primary (before orthognathic surgery) and final (after orthodontic bracket removal) lateral cephalograms of the patients were analyzed using the Dolphin software. Comparisons were made using the paired t-test and linear regression in the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software. Results The length of the upper lip increased by 1 mm (p = 0.012) on average following maxillary advancement, and it decreased by 0.43 mm (p = 0.24) on average following maxillary impaction. In the maxillary advancement group, the change in angulation of the incisors predicted the incisal display (p = 0.03). In the maxillary impaction group, skeletal changes in the vertical dimension predicted changes in upper lip length (p = 0.033). Conclusions Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement significantly increases the length of the upper lip. The assessment of lip thickness prior to surgery can help
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Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar criticamente os mecanismos que desidratam o Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FNDCT), debilitando-o na sua função de promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social. Os dados foram extraídos das bases do sistema integrado de orçamento e planejamento (SIOP) e do relatório de execução orçamentária, entre 2012 e 2021, disponibilizados pela financiadora de estudos e projetos (FINEP). Os resultados da investigação apontam que, do ponto de vista quantitativo, há um processo de desidratação, por mecanismos como a desvinculação de receitas da união (DRU), a formulação do projeto de lei orçamentária anual (PLOA) e as reservas de contingência. Do lado qualitativo, há descompasso entre a promessa de uma política arrojada e inovadora e uma estrutura de governança centralizada e burocrática. Os fundos setoriais não enfrentam problemas de arrecadação, mas a gestão centralizada e subserviente a políticas fiscais de austeridade leva a uma execução orçamentária quantitativamente insuficiente e qualitativamente pobre em diversificação, quadro que descaracteriza a política de financiamento de ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I), deixando de cumprir a promessa de desenvolvimento via inovação.
Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar críticamente los mecanismos que deshidratan el fondo nacional de desarrollo científico y tecnológico (FNDCT), debilitándolo en su función de promover el desarrollo económico y social. Los datos fueron extraídos de las bases del sistema integrado de planificación y presupuesto y del informe de ejecución presupuestaria entre 2012 y 2021, puestos a disposición por la financiadora de estudios y proyectos. Los resultados de la investigación indican que, desde el punto de vista cuantitativo, existe un proceso de deshidratación, a través de mecanismos como la Desvinculación de Ingresos de la Unión Federal, la formulación del proyecto de ley presupuestaria anual y las reservas de contingencia. En el aspecto cualitativo, existe un desajuste entre la promesa de una política audaz e innovadora y una estructura de gobierno centralizada y burocrática. Los fondos sectoriales no enfrentan, en promedio, problemas de recaudación, pero la gestión centralizada supeditada a políticas fiscales de austeridad conduce a una ejecución presupuestaria cuantitativamente insuficiente y cualitativamente pobre en términos de diversificación, situación que descaracteriza la política de financiamiento para la ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CT&I), incumpliendo con la promesa de desarrollo a través de la innovación.
Abstract This study aims to critically analyze the mechanisms that depletethe Brazilian fund for the development of science and technology (FNDCT), jeopardizing its ability to promote economic and social development. Data were extracted from the integrated budget and planning system (SIOP) bases and the budget execution report between 2012 and 2021, made available by the Brazilian funding agency FINEP. The quantitative results indicate a process of "dehydration" due to changes such as the regulation that allows the executive to redirect resources previously earmarked for the fund (called DRU), the formulation of the legislation on the annual budget (PLOA) and the contingency reserves. The qualitative analysis shows a mismatch between the promise of a bold and innovative science and technology policy and a centralized and bureaucratic governance structure. Sectoral funds do not face, on average, problems in raising resources. However, the centralized management subservient to fiscal austerity policies leads to quantitative insufficient budget execution and qualitatively poor diversification. As outcomes, this situation mischaracterizes the ST&I funding policy, failing to comply with the promise of development through innovation.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Intravenous non-volatile anaesthetics like propofol are commonly used in cardiac surgeries across several countries. Volatile anaesthetics like isoflurane may help in protecting the myocardium and minimize ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Hence, we did this review to compare the cardioprotective effect of isoflurane and propofol among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: We conducted a search in the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (or MEDLINE), Embase, PubMed Central®, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library from inception until April 2021. We carried out a meta-analysis with random-effects model and reported pooled risk ratio (RR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) depending on the type of outcome. Results: We analysed 13 studies including 808 participants. Almost all were low-quality studies. For cardiac index, the pooled SMD was 0.14 (95% CI: -0.22 to 0.50); for cardiac troponin I, pooled SMD was 0.10 (95% CI: -0.28 to 0.48). For mortality, the RR was 3.00 (95% CI: 0.32 to 28.43); for MI, pooled RR was 1.58 (95% CI: 0.59 to 4.20); and for inotropic drug use, pooled RR was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.21). For length of intensive care unit stay, the pooled SMD was 0.13 (95% CI: -0.29 to 0.55), while pooled SMD for mechanical ventilation time was -0.02 (95% CI: -0.54 to 0.51). Conclusion: Isoflurane did not have significant cardioprotective effect compared to propofol following CABG. Hence, the anaesthetists need to check some viable alternatives to manage these patients and reduce the rate of postoperative complications.
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RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso raro de glaucoma neovascular em paciente portador de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 que evoluiu para esclerite necrosante com inflamação. Homem, 22 anos e com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 mal controlada apresentou perda visual dolorosa súbita no olho direito. Acuidade visual em olho direito sem percepção luminosa e 20/80 em olho esquerdo. Pressão intraocular de 35mmHg e exame compatível com glaucoma neovascular em olho direito. Foi iniciado tratamento com colírios hipotensores no olho direito e panfotocoagulação a laser no olho esquerdo. Após 3 semanas, houve piora da dor, hiperemia e aparecimento de afinamento escleral na região superior de olho direito, com posterior protrusão uveal. Quadro compatível com esclerite anterior necrosante com inflamação, apesar das sorologias para doenças autoimunes negativas. Ainda que raro, este relato de associação de glaucoma neovascular e esclerite justifica a discussão dos mecanismos inflamatórios em comum nessas doenças, para melhor compreensão da patogênese dessas graves apresentações clínicas.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to report a rare case of neovascular glaucoma in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus that progressed to necrotizing scleritis with inflammation. A 22-year-old male with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus experienced sudden painful vision loss on the right eye. Visual acuity on the right eye was no light perception, while it was 20/80 in the left eye. Intraocular pressure was measured at 35 mmHg, and the examination was consistent with neovascular glaucoma on the right eye. Treatment with hypotensive eye drops was initiated in the right eye, and panphotocoagulation laser therapy was performed on the left eye. After three weeks, there was worsening pain, redness, and the appearance of scleral thinning in the upper region of the right eye, followed by uveal protrusion. This presentation was consistent with necrotizing anterior scleritis with inflammation, despite negative serology for autoimmune diseases. Although rare, this report of the association between neovascular glaucoma and scleritis justifies the discussion of common inflammatory mechanisms in these diseases to enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis of these severe clinical presentations.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the bactericidal effect of loaded multifunctional povidoneiodine-nanometer selenium （PVP-I@Se） disinfectant on Staphylococcus aureus （SA） and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA）， and to provide an experimental basis for the reduction of surgical site infection （SSI）. MethodsThe control group was the povidone iodine （PVP-I） group with different concentrations of iodine （50， 75， 100， 200 and 400 μg/mL）. The PVP-I@Se group （experimental group） was the PVP-I group further supplemented with 2 μg/mL Selenium nanoparticles （SeNPs）. Then we compared the bactericidal effect of the two groups of disinfectant solutions on SA and MRSA by examining the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC）， minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC）， the shortest sterilization time at a concentration of 50 μg/mL iodine and the inhibition zone diameters at concentrations of 200 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL iodine. ResultsMIC values of PVP-I against SA and MRSA were both 79.17 μg/mL， and those of PVP-I@Se were 54.17 and 70.83 μg/mL， respectively. MBC values of PVP-I against SA and MRSA were 129.17 and 150.00 μg/mL， respectively， and those of PVP-I@Se were 70.83 and 87.50 μg/mL， respectively. At a concentration of 50 μg/mL iodine， the shortest sterilization time of PVP-I for SA and MRSA was 130 s and 140 s， respectively， and that of PVP-I@Se was 65 s and 75 s， respectively. At a concentration of 200 μg/ml iodine， the inhibition zone diameters of PVP-I for SA and MRSA were 7.67 mm and 8.33 mm， and those of PVP-I@Se were both 9.50 mm. At a concentration of 400 μg/mL iodine， the inhibition zone diameters of PVP-I for SA and MRSA were 9.00 mm and 9.33 mm， and those of PVP-I@Se were 11.67 mm and 12.00 mm， respectively. ConclusionsPVP-I with different concentrations of 50， 75， 100， 200 and 400 μg/mL iodine supplemented with 2 μg/mL SeNPs have better and faster bactericidal effect on SA and MRSA. When combined with SeNPs， PVP-I can enhance the bactericidal activity against SA and MRSA， but with better sensitizing effect on SA than MRSA and higher demand of iodine concentration （400 μg/mL） for sensitizing effect on MRSA. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting optimal concentration and action time of the disinfectant， thus reducing SSI.
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Background Regional differences in economic development, natural environment, health care level, and social structure may lead to differences in the provincial distribution of the health status of the elderly population. Objective To explore the provincial distribution characteristics, regional differences, and influencing factors of the self-assessed health of the elderly population, with the aim of providing a policy basis for improving the health of the elderly population and promoting healthy aging according to local conditions. Methods Using 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China as the basicstudy unit and based on the method of Wagstaff, the self-rated health data of the elderly population (aged 60 years and above) in each province from the 2010 and 2020 national censuses and the 2015 1% National Population Sample Survey were converted into ill-health scores as a measure of self-assessed health, and higher scores represented worse health status perception. Global Moran's I was used to evaluate spatial autocorrelation, range [−1, 1], with a value of 1 as a perfect clustered pattern. Local Moran's I was used to evaluate the tendency of local autocorrelation, and high-high aggregation/low-low aggregation indicated that both target province and its neighboring provinces showed higher/lower ill-health scores. Spatial econometric models were selected by Lagrange multiplier test and Hausman test to explore influencing factors of the self-assessed health of the elderly population. Results In 2010, 2015, and 2020, the national ill-health scores of the elderly population were 1.831, 1.873, and 1.547, respectively, and the corresponding Global Moran's I statistics were 0.347, 0.482, and 0.511, respectively (P<0.01), indicating that the ill-health scores of the elderly population showed a significant spatial positive autocorrelation, and the degree of spatial aggregation was increasing gradually. From 2010 to 2020, the high-high aggregation of ill-health scores among the elderly population was concentrated in the inland northwest, while the low-low aggregation was concentrated in the southeast coast, gradually showing a "southeast-central-northwest" stepped incremental pattern of differentiation. The Lagrange multiplier test and Hausman test suggested that the fixed-effects spatial lagged model was a better choice, and the regression model showed a spatial autocorrelation in the ill-health scores of the elderly population, with an autocorrelation coefficient of 0.3969 (P<0.001); the ill-health scores of the elderly population were negatively correlated with the natural logarithms of gross regional product per capita, and the number of beds in health care facilities per 1000 population, with regression coefficients of −0.8297 and −0.0454 (P<0.05) respectively, and positively correlated with the annual average concentration of PM2.5, illiteracy rate, and the number of health technicians per 1000 population, with regression coefficients of 0.0033, 0.0297, and 0.0765 (P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion From 2010 to 2020, the overall self-assessed health level of China's elderly population showed an upward trend and a spatial positive autocorrelation, with better self-assessed health in the southeast coast and poorer ratings in the northwestern inland. Additionally, there was a gradual decline in self-assessed health of the elderly population from the southeast to the central regions and further to the northwest in terms of spatial distribution. Economic development level, environmental pollution, health resource allocation, and education level are important factors influencing the self-assessed health of the elderly population.
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Bemisia tabaci is a species complex that causes damage to its broad range of plant hosts through serious feeding. It transmits plant viruses of different groups to important agricultural crops. Some important cash crops of Pakistan are sugar cane, rice, tobacco and seed oil. It shows high genetic variability and is differentiated as races or biotypes. Biotypes are, biotype Q, biotype B, biotype B2, biotype M, biotype L, biotype A, biotype H, biotype C, biotype K, biotype N, biotype R, biotype E, biotype P, biotype J, biotype S, biotype AN. Although the current report based on the Bayesian study of mitochondrial cytohrome oxidase gene1 (CO1) DNA sequences has classified the different populations of whiteflies into twelve genetic groups which are Mediterranean, Sub-Saharan Africa silverleafing, Indian Ocean, Asia II, Asia I, Australia, New World, Italy, China, Sub-Saharan Africa non-silverleafing, Mediterranean/Asia Minor/Africa and Uganda sweet potato. Begomoviruses is largest group of viruses transmitted by B. tabaci and cause major diseases of crops such as tomato and chili leaf curl disease, cassava mosaic disease; yellow mosaic disease of legumes and cotton leaf curl disease. The main objective of current study is to inculpate knowledge regarding genetic diversity of whitefly in cotton fields across Pakistan via analysis of partial DNA sequence of mitochondrial gene Cytochrom Oxidase I (mtCO1).
Bemisia tabaci é um complexo de espécies que causa danos a uma ampla gama de hospedeiros vegetais por meio de alimentação séria. Ele transmite vírus de plantas de diferentes grupos para importantes safras agrícolas. Algumas safras comerciais importantes do Paquistão são cana-de-açúcar, arroz, tabaco e óleo de semente. Apresenta alta variabilidade genética e é diferenciado em raças ou biótipos. Os biótipos são: biótipo Q, biótipo B, biótipo B2, biótipo M, biótipo L, biótipo A, biótipo H, biótipo C, biótipo K, biótipo N, biótipo R, biótipo E, biótipo P, biótipo J, biótipo S, biótipo AN . Embora o relatório atual baseado no estudo bayesiano das sequências de DNA do gene 1 da oxidase do citocromo mitocondrial (CO1) tenha classificado as diferentes populações de moscas-brancas em doze grupos genéticos, que são Mediterrâneo, África Subsaariana com folha de prata, Oceano Índico, Ásia II, Ásia I, Austrália, Novo Mundo, Itália, China, África Subsaariana sem folha prateada, Batata-doce Mediterrâneo / Ásia Menor / África e Uganda. Os begomovírus são o maior grupo de vírus transmitidos por B. tabaci e causam as principais doenças de culturas, como a doença do cacho do tomate e da pimenta-malagueta, doença do mosaico da mandioca, doença do mosaico amarelo de leguminosas e doença do enrolamento da folha do algodão. O principal objetivo do presente estudo é inculpar conhecimento sobre a diversidade genética da mosca-branca em campos de algodão em todo o Paquistão por meio da análise da sequência parcial de DNA do gene mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidase I (mtCO1).
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Variação Genética , Genes Mitocondriais , Begomovirus , Pragas da AgriculturaRESUMO
Abstract Bemisia tabaci is a species complex that causes damage to its broad range of plant hosts through serious feeding. It transmits plant viruses of different groups to important agricultural crops. Some important cash crops of Pakistan are sugar cane, rice, tobacco and seed oil. It shows high genetic variability and is differentiated as races or biotypes. Biotypes are, biotype Q, biotype B, biotype B2, biotype M, biotype L, biotype A, biotype H, biotype C, biotype K, biotype N, biotype R, biotype E, biotype P, biotype J, biotype S, biotype AN. Although the current report based on the Bayesian study of mitochondrial cytohrome oxidase gene1 (CO1) DNA sequences has classified the different populations of whiteflies into twelve genetic groups which are Mediterranean, Sub-Saharan Africa silverleafing, Indian Ocean, Asia II, Asia I, Australia, New World, Italy, China, Sub-Saharan Africa non-silverleafing, Mediterranean/Asia Minor/Africa and Uganda sweet potato. Begomoviruses is largest group of viruses transmitted by B. tabaci and cause major diseases of crops such as tomato and chili leaf curl disease, cassava mosaic disease; yellow mosaic disease of legumes and cotton leaf curl disease. The main objective of current study is to inculpate knowledge regarding genetic diversity of whitefly in cotton fields across Pakistan via analysis of partial DNA sequence of mitochondrial gene Cytochrom Oxidase I (mtCO1).
Resumo Bemisia tabaci é um complexo de espécies que causa danos a uma ampla gama de hospedeiros vegetais por meio de alimentação séria. Ele transmite vírus de plantas de diferentes grupos para importantes safras agrícolas. Algumas safras comerciais importantes do Paquistão são cana-de-açúcar, arroz, tabaco e óleo de semente. Apresenta alta variabilidade genética e é diferenciado em raças ou biótipos. Os biótipos são: biótipo Q, biótipo B, biótipo B2, biótipo M, biótipo L, biótipo A, biótipo H, biótipo C, biótipo K, biótipo N, biótipo R, biótipo E, biótipo P, biótipo J, biótipo S, biótipo AN . Embora o relatório atual baseado no estudo bayesiano das sequências de DNA do gene 1 da oxidase do citocromo mitocondrial (CO1) tenha classificado as diferentes populações de moscas-brancas em doze grupos genéticos, que são Mediterrâneo, África Subsaariana com folha de prata, Oceano Índico, Ásia II, Ásia I, Austrália, Novo Mundo, Itália, China, África Subsaariana sem folha prateada, Batata-doce Mediterrâneo / Ásia Menor / África e Uganda. Os begomovírus são o maior grupo de vírus transmitidos por B. tabaci e causam as principais doenças de culturas, como a doença do cacho do tomate e da pimenta-malagueta, doença do mosaico da mandioca, doença do mosaico amarelo de leguminosas e doença do enrolamento da folha do algodão. O principal objetivo do presente estudo é inculpar conhecimento sobre a diversidade genética da mosca-branca em campos de algodão em todo o Paquistão por meio da análise da sequência parcial de DNA do gene mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidase I (mtCO1).
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Introdução: A osteotomia Le Fort I possibilita a correção de deformidades dentofaciais que envolvem o terço médio da face. Para sua fixação, convencionou-se o emprego de quatro mini-placas nos pilares zigomático-maxilar e nasomaxilar. Propôs-se então, a dispensa da fixação do segmento posterior, surgindo questionamentos relacionados à capacidade biomecânica do sistema. Objetivos: Comparar o estresse biomecânico gerado em três meios distintos de fixação da osteotomia Le Fort I frente ao movimento de avanço sagital linear maxilar de 7mm. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental laboratorial, utilizando-se da análise de elementos finitos como ferramenta analítica, a fim de constatar qual das técnicas sofrerá maior estresse biomecânico. Resultados: Constatou-se que o estresse biomecânico gerado é maior quando aplicado em 4 pontos do que quando aplicado em apenas 2 pontos. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos fornecem informações aos cirurgiões sobre a real necessidade do uso de fixação adicional de acordo com o método de fixação planejado. No entanto, deve ser interpretado de forma cautelosa, considerando-se as limitações deste estudo. Sendo assim, uma análise incipiente, que tem como intuito o fornecimento de evidência científica de grande significância.
Introducción: La osteotomía Le Fort I permite la corrección de deformidades dentofaciales que involucran el tercio medio de la cara. Para su fijación se acordó utilizar cuatro miniplacas en los pilares cigomaticomaxilar y nasomaxilar. Entonces se propuso prescindir de la fijación del segmento posterior, planteando interrogantes relacionados con la capacidad biomecánica del sistema. Objetivos: Comparar el estrés biomecánico generado en tres medios diferentes de fijación de la osteotomía Le Fort I frente a un movimiento de avance sagital lineal maxilar de 7mm. Metodología: Se trata de una investigación experimental de laboratorio, utilizando como herramienta analítica el análisis de elementos finitos, con el fin de comprobar cuál de las técnicas sufrirá un mayor estrés biomecánico. Resultados: Se encontró que el estrés biomecánico generado es mayor cuando se aplica en 4 puntos que cuando se aplica solo en 2 puntos. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos brindan información a los cirujanos sobre la necesidad real de utilizar fijación adicional de acuerdo al método de fijación planificado. Sin embargo, debe interpretarse con cautela, considerando las limitaciones de este estudio. Por tanto, un análisis incipiente, que pretende aportar evidencias científicas de gran trascendencia.
Introduction: The Le Fort I osteotomy allows the correction of dentofacial deformities involving the middle third of the face. For its fixation, it was agreed to use four mini plates on the zygomaticomaxillary and nasomaxillary pillars. It was then proposed to dispense with the fixation of the posterior segment, raising questions related to the biomechanical capacity of the system. Objectives: To compare the biomechanical stress generated in three different means of fixation of the Le Fort I osteotomy against a 7mm maxillary linear sagittal advancement movement. Methodology: This is an experimental laboratory research, using finite element analysis as an analytical tool, in order to verify which of the techniques will suffer greater biomechanical stress. Results: It was found that the biomechanical stress generated is greater when applied to 4 points than when applied to only 2 points. Conclusion: The results obtained provide information to surgeons about the real need to use additional fixation according to the planned fixation method. However, it should be interpreted with caution, considering the limitations of this study. Therefore, an incipient analysis, which aims to provide scientific evidence of great significance.
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Osteotomia de Le Fort , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Cirurgia Ortognática , Fixação Interna de FraturasRESUMO
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and its C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, and the tumor-stroma ratio using collagen stromal content of breast cancer samples, correlating it with clinicopathological data. METHODS: Through a retrospective cohort study, samples were obtained from female patients, over 18 years of age, with the disease in stages 1-4, who underwent mastectomy or lumpectomy. The biopsies were provided by the Oncology sector of the Hospital das Clínicas of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife city, in 2011-2014, including samples of invasive ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, or benign changes (fibroadenoma and hypertrophy), which were analyzed between 2020 and 2022 by immunohistochemistry for the expression of stromal cell characteristics. Collagen content was tested by Gomori staining and digital analysis of images. RESULTS: Absence of stromal expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 was associated with longer disease-free survival (disease-free survival=0.481), and expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 was associated with lower disease-free survival. An association was observed between clinicopathological variables and stromal expression of chemokines, that is, an association of stromal C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 with histological grade, angiolymphatic invasion, and an association between C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 expression and histological grade. Analyses of digital pixels images of collagen and tumor cells showed a lower percentage of collagen in the invasive ductal carcinoma samples (39%), unlike samples without neoplasms (78%). CONCLUSION: Low expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 may be associated with a worse prognosis for breast cancer. Collagen staining analyzed using digital images represents an opportunity for clinical application and is indicative of the prognosis of the tumor microenvironment in breast carcinoma.
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Objetive. Human teeth have been commonly used for in vitro and in situ studies. Currently, other animals' teeth have been purposed for dental research to overcome human teeth' problematic availability. This study aimed to investigate the enamel and dentin from human, bovine, and ovine teeth concerning the microhardness, organic, and in organic contents via microRaman spectroscopy. Methods. Human, bovine, and ovine teeth were divided according to their type and age into seven groups: Ovine; Bovine12 months; Bovine24 months; Bovine36 months; Bovine48 months; Bovine+60 months; Human (control). The enamel's microhardness (superficial and deep) and dentin (superficial, middle, and deep) were analyzed. The calcium/phosphate ratio and amide contents were determined by microRaman spectroscopy. Results. Overall, the microhardness of human enamel was superior to the other species. Dentin's microhardness was similar among groups. Ovine group showed lower values of calcium/phosphate ratio than human. Amide content was similar between bovine and human. The microhardness and calcium/phosphate ratio of enamel and dentin, respectively, decreased as the age of bovine teeth increased. Conclusions. Researchers must be aware and take into consideration the differences of ovine and bovine enamel compared to human enamel. Other alternatives that are more similar to the microhardness of human enamel should be sought. Bovine teeth of 12 and 24 months are suitable substitutes for dentin of human teeth. Researchers must also be aware of the age of the animals and specify it in the studies.
Objetivo. Los dientes humanos se han utilizado comúnmente para estudios in vitro e in situ. Actualmente, los dientes de otros animales se han destinado a la investigación dental para superar la disponibilidad problemática de los dientes humanos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el esmalte y la dentina de los dientes humanos, bovinos y ovinos en relación con la microdureza y los contenidos orgánicos e inorgánicos a través de la espectroscopia microRaman. Métodos. Los dientes humanos, bovinos y ovinos se dividieron según su tipo y edad en siete grupos: Ovinos; Bovino12 meses; Bovino24 meses; Bovino36 meses; Bovino48 meses; Bovino+60 meses; Humano (control). Se analizó la microdureza del esmalte (superficial y profunda) y de la dentina (superficial, media y profunda). La relación calcio/fosfato y los contenidos de amida se determinaron mediante espectroscopía microRaman. Resultados. En general, la microdureza del esmalte humano fue superior a la de otras especies. La microdureza de la dentina fue similar entre los grupos. El grupo ovino mostró valores más bajos de la relación calcio/fosfato que el humano. El contenido de amida fue similar entre bovinos y humanos. La microdureza y la relación calcio/fosfato del esmalte y la dentina, respectivamente, disminuyeron a medida que aumentaba la edad de los dientes bovinos. Conclusiones. El esmalte de los dientes ovinos y bovinos no es un sustituto adecuado del de los dientes humanos. Se deben buscar otras alternativas que sean similares a la microdureza del esmalte humano. Sin embargo, los dientes bovinos de 12 y 24 meses son sustitutos adecuados de la dentina de los dientes humanos. Los investigadores deben conocer la edad de los animales y especificarla en los estudios.
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Los ensayos clínicos en Fase I se realzan con la participación de voluntarios sanos de prueban la seguridad y tolerabilidad de los productos farmacéuticos en investigación. En ellos, los participantes están expuestos a riesgos de medicamentos del estudio sin la posibilidad de un beneficio médico directo y, por lo general, deben pasar días o semanas en un centro de investigación. Los incentivos, como pagos monetarios se utilizan para incentivar la inscripción y compensar a los participantes por su tiempo. Estas características de los ensayos voluntarios sanos de fase I crean un contexto de investigación que difiere notablemente de la mayoría de las otras investigaciones clínicas, pues la mayoría de ellos son personas vulnerables económicamente. Este artículo presenta el objetivo de analizar factores bioéticos que inciden en el otorgamiento de incentivos a participantes voluntarios sanos en investigaciones Fase I.
Phase I Clinical Trials are conducted with the participation of healthy volunteers to test the safety and tolerability of pharmaceutical products. In them, participants are exposed to study drug risks without the possibility of direct medical benefit and usually must spend days or weeks at a research site. Incentives such as monetary payments are used to encourage enrollment and compensate participants for their time. These characteristics of Phase I healthy volunteer trials create a research context that differs markedly from most other clinical research, as most of them are financially vulnerable individuals. This paper aims to analyze bioethical factors that influence the granting of incentives to healthy volunteer participants in Phase I research.
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O artigo tem por objetivo identificar os motivos que levaram as pessoas a buscarem o Poder Judiciário visando obter medicamentos para tratamento da hepatite C. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, de natureza quantitativa, no qual foram analisados 235 acórdãos e decisões monocráticas proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul entre 2010 e 2020. Os resultados evidenciaram que a razão principal é insuficiência de renda. Também apontou-se que a judicialização da saúde não é um fenômeno adstrito às pessoas de baixa renda; que os medicamentos mais requeridos são Ribavirina, Interferon, Sofosbuvir e Daclatasvir; e que o percentual de concessão judicial de medicamentos é de 93,6%. Conclui-se que há necessidade de reavaliação do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Hepatite C e Coinfecções, do Plano Nacional de Hepatites Virais e do Plano para Eliminação da Hepatite C.
This article aims to identify which reasons lead people to seek the Judiciary in order to obtain medication for the treatment of hepatitis C. This is a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study where 235 judgements and lower court decisions rendered by the state of Rio Grande do Sul Court of Justice between the years of 2010 and 2020 were analyzed. The results showed that the main reason why people turn to the Judiciary is low-income. It was also pointed that the health judicialization is not a phenomenon connected to low-income; the most required drugs are Ribavirina, Interferon, Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir; and the percentage of judicial medicine concession is 93.6%. The data obtained lead to the conclusion that there is a need to reassess the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Hepatitis C and Coinfections, the National Plan for Viral Hepatitis and the Plan for the Elimination of Hepatitis C.
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R E S U M E N En pacientes con ortodoncia aparecen eventos patológicos no deseados como agrandamiento gingival inducido por tratamiento de ortodoncia (AGTO) o hipertrofia gingival. El objetivo del estudio es identificar la distribución inmunohistoquímica de citoqueratina CK-14, CK-19 y Ki-67 en epitelio gingival de pacientes con AGTO. Se seleccionaron I3 pacientes divididos en: grupo control (n=6), conformado por individuos periodontalmente sanos no portadores de aparatología ortodóntica y grupo test (n=7), integrado por pacientes con AGTO. Los marcadores CK-14, CK-19 y Ki-67 fueron identificados mediante inmunohistoquímica con anticuerpos monoclonales y observados en un microscopio óptico Leica DM 500. En los pacientes del grupo test el tejido epitelial se mostró hipertrófico con pérdida en la continuidad de la membrana basal. La CK-14 y CK-19 fue positiva en el epitelio de todos los sujetos evaluados, con una expresión positiva de alta intensidad en células de la lámina basal del grupo test. El promedio de células positivas para Ki-67 en el grupo test fue de 56%. En conclusión, la CK-14, CK-19 y Ki-67 son marcadores con elevada inmunoreactividad en tejido gingival de pacientes con AGTO portadores de ortodoncia.
During orthodontic treatment, unwanted pathological events such as gingival overgrowth induced by orthodontic treatment or gingival hypertrophy may appear The objective of this study is to identify immunohistochemical distribution of cytokeratin CK-14, CK-19 and Ki-67 in the gingival epithelium of patients with gingival overgrowth induced by orthodontic treatment. Thirteen patients were selected divided into: control group (n = 6), conformed of periodontally healthy individuals without orthodontic appliances and the test group (n = 7), conformed of patients with gingival overgrowth induced by orthodontic treatment. The biomarkers CK-14, CK-19 and Ki-67 were identified by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies and observed in a Leica DM 500 optical microscope. Hypertrophic epithelial tissue with loss of continuity of the basement membrane was found in the test group patients. CK-14 and CK-19 were positive in the epithelial tissue of all the subjects evaluated, with a high intensity positive expression in the cells of the basal lamina of the test group. The average number of cells positive for Ki-67 in test group was 56%. In conclusion, CK-14, CK-19 and Ki-67 are biomarkers with high immunoreactivity in the gingival tissue of patients with gingival overgrowth induced by orthodontic treatment.
Durante o tratamento ortodôntico, eventos patológicos indesejados como o crescimento gengival induzido pelo tratamento ortodôntico (CGTO) ou hipertrofia gengival podem aparecer: O objetivo deste estudo é identificar a distribuição imuno-histoquímica das citoqueratinas CK -14, CK-19 e Ki-67 no epitélio gengival de pacientes com CGTO. Foram selecionados 13 pacientes divididos em: grupo controle (n=6), conformado por indivíduos periodontalmente saudáveis sem aparelhos ortodônticos e o grupo teste (n=7), conformado por pacientes com CGTO. Os biomarcadores CK-14, CK-19 e Ki-67 foram identificados por imuno-histoquímica com anticorpos monoclonais e observados em microscópio óptico Leica DM 500. Tecido epitelial hipertrófico com perda de continuidade da membrana basal foi encontrado nos pacientes do grupo teste. CK-14 e CK-19 foram positivos no tecido epitelial de todos os sujeitos avaliados, com expressão positiva de alta intensidade nas células da lâmina basal do grupo teste. O número médio de células positivas para Ki-67 no grupo teste foi de 56%. Em conclusão, CK-14, CK-19 e Ki-67 são biomarcadores com alta imunorreatividade no tecido gengival de pacientes com CGTO.
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Bacillus thuringiensis is a worldwide known bacterium for its capacity to control insect pests thanks to the action of its parasporal crystal. The objective of this paper deals with the history, in some cases unknown, of the study of Bacillus thuringiensis that led it to be a crucial biological alternative in controlling pest insects. How the mode of action for killing insects was understood, as well as the field tests that were carried out to evaluate its effectiveness and to develop the first commercial products, are reflected in this review that presents and discusses the scientific successes and failures that marked the course of B. thuringiensis.
Bacillus thuringiensis es una bacteria conocida mundialmente por su capacidad para controlar insectos plaga, gracias a la acción de su cristal parasporal. El objetivo de esta revisión trata de la historia, en algunos casos desconocida, del estudio de Bacillus thuringiensis que la llevó a ser una importante alternativa biológica en el control de insectos plaga. Cómo se llegó a comprender el modo de acción para matar insectos, así como las pruebas de campo que se realizaron para evaluar su efectividad y lograr desarrollar los primeros productos comerciales están plasmados en esta revisión que presenta y discute los aciertos y desaciertos científicos que marcaron el rumbo de B. thuringiensis.