Perceptions about exposure to pesticides among rural school students: identified controversies / Percepciones sobre la exposición a plaguicidas entre estudiantes de escuelas rurales: controversias identificadas / Percepções sobre a exposição aos agrotóxicos entre estudantes de escolas do campo: controvérsias identificadas

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify, according to students' perception, controversies related to the term "pesticide" and its influence on health. Methods: field research, with qualitative analysis via discursive textual analysis. Collective interviews were carried out with students of ninth grade of elementary school from four rural schools in the western region of Paraná. Results: when analyzing students' statements, it was identified that pesticides are part of their reality and that of the local community Controversies related to pesticides and health arose, with emphasis on the form of production and the understanding of the real harm generated by exposure and use of pesticides. Conclusions: approaching pesticides in the context of education and health is essential so that there is a strengthening of discussions, in a critical and contextualized way, in school spaces, expanding the look at the topic as a way of enriching understandings and discourses on the subject.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar, en la percepción de los estudiantes, Ias controversias relacionadas con el término "pesticida" y su influencia en la salud. Métodos: investigación de campo, con análisis cualitativo a través del análisis textual discursivo. Se realizaron entrevistas colectivas con alumnos del noveno año de Ia enseñanza fundamental de cuatro escuelas rurales de la región occidental de Paraná. Resultados: al analizar las declaraciones de los estudiantes, se identificó que los plaguicidas son parte de su realidad y de la comunidad local. Surgieron controversias relacionadas con los plaguicidas y la salud, con énfasis en la forma de producción y la comprensión del daño real generado por Ia exposición y uso de plaguicidas. Conclusiones: abordar los plaguicidas en el contexto de Ia educación y la salud es fundamental para que haya un fortalecimiento de las discusiones, de forma crítica y contextualizada, en los espacios escolares, ampliando Ia mirada sobre ei tema como forma de enriquecer comprensiones y discursos sobre el tema.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar, na percepção de estudantes, as controvérsias relacionadas ao termo "agrotóxico" e sua influência na saúde. Métodos: pesquisa de campo, com análise qualitativa via análise textual discursiva. Foram realizadas entrevistas coletivas com alunos do nono ano do ensino fundamental de quatro escolas do campo da região Oeste do Paraná. Resultados: ao analisar as falas dos estudantes, identificou-se que os agrotóxicos fazem parte da realidade deles e da comunidade local. Surgiram controvérsias relacionadas aos agrotóxicos e saúde, com destaque para a forma de produção e a compreensão dos reais malefícios gerados pela exposição e uso dos agrotóxicos. Conclusões: abordar os agrotóxicos no contexto da educação e saúde é essencial para que haja um fortalecimento das discussões, de forma crítica e contextualizada, nos espaços escolares, ampliando o olhar para a temática como forma de enriquecer as compreensões e os discursos sobre o tema.

Trabajos originales Mamíferos pequeños de humedales de la costa central del Perú / Small mammals from central Peruvian coast wetlands

Resumen Los humedales son ecosistemas frágiles e importantes que, a pesar de su gran biodiversidad, se conoce poco sobre la diversidad de mamíferos. Por ello, en este estudio se documenta la diversidad y abundancia de los mamíferos pequeños de cuatro humedales de la costa central peruana: Albufera de Medio Mundo, Refugio de vida silvestre Pantanos de Villa, Ensenada San Antonio y Caucato. Se realizó una evaluación convencional con trampas y redes, complementada con el método acústico. El esfuerzo de muestreo fue de 4651 trampas/noche, 145 redes/noche y 48 horas/detector. Registramos 5 especies nativas de roedores, 3 roedores introducidos, 12 murciélagos y un marsupial. El roedor Akodon mollis y los murciélagos Nyctinomops laticaudatus y N. macrotis son primeros registros para el departamento de Lima. El cuy silvestre se distribuye en el centro y sur de la costa y confirmamos la presencia del marsupial Didelphis pernigra a nivel del mar. La mayoría de los humedales están fuertemente impactados por la alta abundancia relativa de roedores introducidos, especialmente de Mus musculus y Rattus rattus. La diversidad β fue moderada a pesar de la relativa cercanía entre los humedales. Resaltamos la alta diversidad de mamíferos pequeños nativos en los humedales y alertamos sobre el impacto que los roedores introducidos pueden producir sobre la sobrevivencia de las demás especies. Además, hipotetizamos que la fauna nativa aquí reportada estuvo presente en la región de Lima al menos todo el periodo republicano. Estos humedales requieren protección continua, monitoreo e implementación de medidas de restauración para asegurar la conservación de su biota.

Abstract Wetlands are fragile, unique and important ecosystems that harbour great biodiversity. However, mammalian diversity in wetlands along the Peruvian coast is poorly known. We present data on the diversity and abundance of small mammals from four wetlands located on the central Peruvian coast: Albufera de Medio Mundo, Pantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge, Ensenada San Antonio, and Caucato. We used conventional traps to survey rodents and mist nets combined with acoustic recording methods to survey bats. Our sampling effort totalled 4651 traps/night, 145 nets/night, and 48 hours/detector. We recorded 5 native species of rodents, 3 non-native rodents, 12 species of bats, and one marsupial. The rodent Akodon mollis and the bats Nyctinomops laticaudatus and N. macrotis are the first records for the department of Lima. The wild guinea pig is distributed along the central and southern Peruvian coast, and the presence of the Andean White-eared Opossum, Didelphis pernigra, at sea level is confirmed. The majority of wetlands we surveyed are highly impacted by non-native species, notably Mus musculus and Rattus rattus which have a high relative abundance in Pantanos de Villa and Caucato. β diversity among the four wetlands is moderate despite the relatively short distance between them. We highlight the high diversity of small native mammals in coastal wetlands and warn about the harmful impact the high relative abundance of introduced rodents can produce on the survival of native species. Furthermore, we hypothesized that native fauna reported here was present in Lima region at least throughout the Republican period. These wetlands require continuous protection, monitoring and implementation of restoration measures to ensure the conservation of their biota.

Stimulating Home Environment for Early Childhood Development by Household Play Materials for Under 5 Rural Children in Forest Buffer Zone of Wardha District.

Home Environment of a child comprises of toys, books and stimulating play materials which are critical for promoting early development. Parents, family and atmosphere at home play a key role in stimulating child’s physical, cognitive and socio-emotional developments. This assessment was done in rural settings of forest buffer zone of Bor Tiger Sanctuary in Vidarbha to have a baseline picture about availability of play materials at households that promote child development and parent’s view about these play materials.METHODSThis was a cross-sectional survey which included assessment of 894 households in 45 villages from Seloo block of Wardha district. Survey tools included pretested questionnaire and home observation checklist which was administered at home visit and during interviews of parent-child dyads. Data was collected in android based ODK app and exported to server. Data imported from server was analysed using STATA-11.RESULTSAvailability of play materials as represented by Mean Item Availability Score (MIAS) was significantly associated with family structure, wealth index and parent’s education and occupation. Though 84.2% households had materials for moving around and outdoor play, only 26.9% households had materials for promoting coordinated gross-motor movements, 41.6% households had materials meant for stacking, constructing. Only 19.8% households had materials for learning shapes and colours, 29.8% households had picture books/charts, 32.4% households had materials for drawing and writing and only 11.3% children had materials promoting counting.CONCLUSIONSObvious gap can be seen in terms of paly materials available for under 5 children in rural and urban settings. Remote rural areas in this region need a well framed parenting program to sensitise parents about Early Child Development that can be blended with the existing ICDS program

Clinical characteristics of insulin autoimmune syndrome caused by methimazole in Chinese population / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To explore the clinical features of insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) induced by methimazole in Chinese population. METHODS: The literature on IAS cases caused by methimazole in the Chinese population published before and after June 30, 2019 was collected for retrospective analysis.RESULTS:The age of onset of men was earlier than that of women, and the sex ratio was 1:2.31 in 95 patients.After taking methimazole 30 mg/d, IAS occurred most from one month to three months,characterized by neuropathic hypoglycemia as the first symptoms at night and early in the morning,blood sugar below 2 mmol/L,insulin concentration≥100 mU/L, IAA positive and no obvious abnormalities in pancreas imaging.The symptoms gradually relieved after symptomatic treatment and stopped taking methimazole. There was no significant difference in the time of hypoglycemia disappearance between the 54 patients who received hormone therapy and non-hormone therapy.CONCLUSION:Methimazole-induced IAS is a clinically rare autoimmune disease. It should be treated promptly occuring hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during medication.The prognosis of IAS is generally good after proper treatment.

A capture of a lesser bandicoot rat Bandicota bengalensis (Rodentia, Muridae) at Callao Port, Perú: anecdotal record or potential invasive alien species? / Captura de una rata bandicota menor Bandicota bengalensis (Rodentia, Muridae) en el puerto de Callao, Perú: ¿registro anecdótico o especie exótica invasora?

The Lesser bandicoot rat Bandicota bengalensis (Gray and Hardwicke, 1833) is a murid rodent distributed mostly in Asia that can cause substantial negative economic impact in urban and rural areas. Until now, the species has been mostly restricted to the Asian region; and no specimen has been captured or reported as a stowaway arriving to an American port. Here, I report on one specimen captured in Callao's maritime port, Peru, during sanitary inspection surveillance, identified based on external and cranial characteristics, and similar meristic reported values. This finding shows the potential threat of this species as an invasive alien species and highlights the need for strengthening invasive species protocols on ships.

La rata bandicota menor Bandicota bengalensis (Gray & Hardwicke, 1833) es un roedor múrido distribuido principalmente en Asia que puede causar un impacto económico negativo sustancial en las zonas urbanas y rurales. Hasta ahora, la especie se ha restringido principalmente a la región asiática y ningún espécimen ha sido capturado o reportado como polizón en un puerto americano. Aquí, reporto un espécimen capturado en el puerto marítimo del Callao, Perú, durante una inspección sanitaria, identificado en base a características externas y craneales, y valores morfométricos similares. Este hallazgo muestra la amenaza potencial de esta especie como especie exótica invasora y destaca la necesidad de fortalecer los protocolos de especies invasoras en los barcos.

Fatores de risco para defeito de fechamento de tubo neural: caracterização de uma população / Risk factors for defect neural tube closure: characterization of a population

Os defeitos de fechamento de tubo neural são anomalias congênitas cuja prevalência, no Brasil, oscila em torno de 1,6/1.000 nascidos vivos. Sua etiologia é considerada multifatorial, ou seja, decorrente da interação entre fatores genéticos e ambientais. O objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar uma população de gestantes que está gerando fetos portadores de DFTN segundo aspectos sócio-demográficos e fatores de risco. Foi realizada uma pesquisa com abordagem quantitativa do tipo transversal e descritiva. Os dados foram levantados de 78 prontuários de gestantes que tiveram diagnóstico fetal de DFTN,atendidas no período de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2009. Os resultados evidenciaram a existência de fatores de risco para anomalias fetais nesta população: consanguinidade, antecedentes de patologia, deficiências na dieta e vitaminas, obesidade, antecedentes de malformação, exposição a álcool e tabaco, exposição à radiação, gestação não planejada, início tardio e acompanhamento deficiente do pré-natal.

Neural Tube Defects (NTD) are one of the most important congenital abnormalities. In Brazil, an estimated prevalence NTD oscillates around 1.6 / 1,000live births. The etiology of NTD is considered a multifactorial inheritance due to an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The objectiveof this study was to characterize a population of pregnant women whose fetus received the diagnoses of NTD according to socio-demographic and riskfactors. This was an epidemiological, cross-sectional and descriptive approach. Data were collected from medical records of 78 women diagnosed withNTD, from January 2006 to December 2009. The results demonstrated the existence of these risk factors for fetal abnormalities: consanguinity, history ofdesease, deficiencies in the diet and vitamins, obesity, history of malformation, alcohol and tobacco exposure, radiation exposure, unplanned pregnancy, start late and inadequate monitoring of prenatal care.

Los defectos de cierre del tubo neural (DCTN) son una de las más importantes anomalías congénitas, cuya prevalencia en Brazil se estima que oscile encerca de 1,6/1,000 nascidos vivos. La etiología de los DCTN es considerada una herencia multifactorial que ocurre de la interacción entre factores genéticosy ambientales. De ese modo, el objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar una población de embarazadas con fetos que poseen DCTN según aspectos sociodemográficosy factores de riesgos, por medio de un abordaje cuantitativo del tipo transversal y descriptivo. Los datos fueran levantados de 78 prontuarios de las embarazadas que tuvieran diagnóstico de DCTN, en el período de enero de 2006 hasta diciembre de 2009. Los resultados revelan la existencia deestos factores de riesgo para anomalías fetales: consanguinidad, historia de enfermedad, deficiencias en la dieta y vitaminas, obesidad, historia de malformación,exposición a alcohol y tabaco, exposición a la radiación, embarazo no planeado, inicio tardío y seguimiento deficiente de la atención prenatal.

Properties of antibacterial nano textile for use in hospital environments / Propiedades del nanotextil antibacteriano para su uso en entornosm hospitalarios / Propriedades do nano têxtil antibacteriano para seu uso em meios hospitalares

Abstract In hospital environments, there are several problems related to Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), contaminated hospital textiles, can contribute to the spread and transmission of (HAIs), due to retention of viruses and bacteria. The antibacterial metallic nanoparticles immersed in hospital textiles can allow reduction of microorganisms. This paper presents a technological surveillance of the principal properties of antibacterial nanotextiles to be used in hospital environments, based on international standards. Initially, the search equation was determined for "antibacterial" AND "nanoparticle." Subsequently, the main properties were selected, by means of a multiple authors' review. Afterwards, the properties were related to international standards. Finally, we present the results found associated to the materials used to develop nonwoven textiles, and their properties for hospital environments, the sizes of samples and also the equipment required for characterization.

Resumen En los ambientes hospitalarios, existen varios problemas relacionados con las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud (HAI, por sus siglas en inglés), los tejidos hospitalarios contaminados, pueden contribuir a la propagación y transmisión de los HAIs, debido a la retención de virus y bacterias. Las nanopartículas metálicas antibacterianas sumergidas en tejidos hospitalarios permiten reducir los microorganismos. Este documento presenta una vigilancia tecnológica de las principales propiedades del nanotextil antibacteriano para uso en ambientes hospitalarios, basados en estándares internacionales. Inicialmente, la ecuación de búsqueda se determinó "antibacteriano" Y "nanopartícula". Posteriormente, se seleccionaron las principales propiedades, mediante la revisión de diferentes autores. Luego, las propiedades se relacionaron con los estándares internacionales. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados encontrados asociados a los materiales utilizados para el desarrollo de materiales no tejidos y sus propiedades para ambientes hospitalarios, tamaños de muestras y también el equipo necesario para la caracterización.

Resumo Nos ambientes hospitaleiros, existem vários problemas relacionados com as infecções associadas à atenção da saúde (HAI), os tecidos hospitalários contaminados, podem contribuir à propagação e transmissão dos HAIs, devido à retenção de vírus e bactérias. As nano partículas metálicas antibacterianas submergidas em tecidos hospitalários permitem reduzir os microorganismos. Este documento apresenta uma vigilância tecnológica das principais propriedades do nano têxtil antibacteriano para uso em ambientes hospitalários, baseados em padrões internacionais. Inicialmente, a equação de busca determinou-se "antibacteriano" e "nano partícula". Posteriormente, selecionaram-se as principais propriedades, mediante a revisão de diferentes autores. Posteriormente, as propriedades relacionaram-se com os padrões internacionais. Finalmente, apresentam-se os resultados encontrados associados aos materiais utilizados para o desenvolvimento de tecidos não tecidos e suas propriedades para ambientes hospitaleiros, tamanhos de amostras e também a equipe necessária para a caracterização.

The Changes of HIF-1α and VEGF-A in Myocardial Tissue of Rats with Arrhyth-mias / 法医学杂志

Objective T o observe the expression changes of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (H IF-1α) and vascular endothelial grow th factor-A (V E G F-A ) in rats w ith arrhythm ias, and to explore the differences of the expression pattern in the tw o indicators of acute m yocardial ischem ia caused by arrhythm ias and coronary insufficiency. Methods T he arrhythm ia w as induced by C aC l2, and the expression changes of H IF-1α and V E G F-A w ere detected by im m unohistochem istry, W estern blotting and real-tim e PC R w ithin 6 h after the arrhythm ia in rats. Results T he expression of H IF-1α and V E G F-A show ed diffuse in the m yocardial tissue of rats died from arrhythm ias. B oth of them increased in the early arrhythm ia, then decreased. E xtensive m yocardial ischem ia happened at the beginning of arrhythm ia occurrence and its range didn't expand w ith tim e. Conclusion T he expressions of H IF-1α and V E G F-A in m yocardium of the rats w ith arrhythm ia can provide evidence for the differential diagnosis of acute m yocardial is-chem ia caused by fatal arrhythm ia and coronary insufficiency.

Research Progress of the Correlation between Caveolin and Unexpected Sudden Cardiac Death / 法医学杂志

D ue to the negative autopsy and w ithout cardiac structural abnorm alities, unexpected sudden cardiac death (U SC D ) is alw ays a tough issue for forensic pathological expertise. U SC D m ay be asso-ciated w ith parts of fatal arrhythm ic diseases. T hese arrhythm ic diseases m ay be caused by disorders of cardiac ion channels or channel-related proteins. C aveolin can com bine w ith m ultiple m yocardial ion channel proteins through its scaffolding regions and plays an im portant role in m aintaining the depolar-ization and repolarization of cardiac action potential. W hen the structure and function of caveolin are af-fected by gene m utations or abnorm al protein expression, the functions of the regulated ion channels are correspondingly im paired, w hich leads to the occurrence of m ultiple channelopathies, arrhythm ia or even sudden cardiac death. It is im portant to study the effects of caveolin on the functions of ion channels for exploring the m echanism s of m alignant arrhythm ia and sudden cardiac death.

Analysis of 71 cases of insulin autoimmune syndrome / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To know the clinical features of insulin autoimmune syndrome to improve diagnostic level. Methods:Focused oninsulin autoimmune syndrome ( IAS ), to make retrospective analysis by summarizing medical history, clinical manifestations,insulin levels,treatment and prognosis of 71 IAS cases recently fifteen years reported in the literature on CNKI. Results:Among the 71 IAS cases,there were 40 cases with a history of hyperthyroidism,31 cases taking methimazole before onset and 43 cases with hypoglycemic episodes with clear regularity, of which 30 cases hypoglycemic episodes occurred during the night or on early morning. 35 cases had disorders of consciousness and such patients had lower blood glucose level and higher insulin level; 36 cases received hormone therapy with shorter time for IAA turning negative,and 26 cases only stopped taking the causative drug;69 cases have a remission,1 case prognosis was unknown due to auto-discharge,and 1 case dies of combined pleural endotheliomas. Conclusion:IAS is one of the important causes of severe spontaneous hypoglycemia and is clinically relatively rare. It often combines with autoimmune diseases,induced by hydroxyl drug and vulnerable to disturbance of consciousness. Patients who have disorders of consciousness should be treated with hormonotherapy in time. Early identification and appropriate treatment generally lead to good prognosis.

Diversity and impact of invasive alien plant species of family Asteraceae in Jammu district (Jammu and Kashmir, India).

The present study deals with comprehensive list and impact of invasive alien plants species of family Asteraceae in Jammu district (J&K, India) with background information on habit and nativity. A total of 15 invasive alien plant species under have been recorded. These include Ageratum conyzoides L., Anthemis tinctoria L., Aster pilosum Willd., Bidens pilosa L., Cichorium intibus L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Sonchus arvensis L., Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Tridax procumbens L., Xanthium strumarium L., Youngia japonica (L.) DC. The analysis of invasive species reveals that most species have been introduced unintentionally through trade while only 2species intentionally introduced. Most of the species are of American origin. A better planning is needed for early detection to control and reporting of infestations of spread of new and naturalized weeds to be monitored.

Diversity of invasive alien species of Jammu district (Jammu and Kashmir).

The present study deals with comprehensive list of Invasive alien plants of Indian Himalayan Region with background information on family, habit and nativity. A total of 60 invasive alien species under 51 genera, belonging to 33families have been recorded. Among these, the dicotyledons represent by 28families and 52 species; monocotyledons represent by 5 families and 8 species. The analysis of invasive species reveals that most species have been introduced unintentionally through trade while only 11species intentionally introduced. Most of the species are of American origin. While in life form analysis, the herbs (45 species) are dominant, followed by shrubs (6 species), Grass (3 species), Trees, sedges and climbers (2 species each). Most of the invasive species are annual habit (57%). A better planning is needed for early detection to control and reporting of infestations of spread of new and naturalized weeds to be monitored.

Autocuidado para el control de la hipertensión arterial en adultos mayores ambulatorios: una aproximación a la taxonomía NANDA-NOC-NIC / Self-Care for hypertension in elderly outpatients, an approach to the NANDA-NOC-NIC taxonomy

El uso de un lenguaje común es una característica que distingue a los profesionales. Así, la conformación y el uso de un lenguaje técnico coadyuva al desarrollo gremial, en este sentido hacer uso de las teorías del cuidado y de clasificaciones validadas por asociaciones internacionales de profesionales sintetizan y facilitan la comprensión y el avance del conocimiento. Cuando los profesionales de enfermería aplican teorías y clasificaciones para discutir sobre la gestión del cuidado, el nivel de comunicación mejora y los pacientes se ven beneficiados con la continuidad de su tratamiento. El propósito de éste trabajo, es mostrar de manera explícita como se puede vincular la teoría del autocuidado de Orem, con los diagnósticos de enfermería propuestos por la Asociación Norteamericana de Diagnósticos de Enfermería; la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería; y la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería. Con base en lo anterior, se proponen cuatro esquemas que pueden ser aplicables al cuidado de adultos mayores ambulatorios con hipertensión arterial.

A characteristic among professionals is the use of common language. Therefore the conformation of a technical language usage contributes to professional development, in this way, the use of care theories and classifications validated by international professional associations summarize and facilitate the comprehension and advance of knowledge. When nursing professionals apply theories and classifications to discuss about care management, the level of communication improves and patients get favored with the continuity of their treatment. The purpose of this paper work is to show in an explicit manner how Orem's theory of self care can be linked with nursing diagnosis purposed by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, the Nursing Outcomes Classification and the Nursing Interventions Classification. Based on previous said, five diagrams are suggested to be applied in the care of elderly outpatients with high blood pressure.

Resistance to Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in transgenic soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill Fabales, Fabaceae) cultivar IAS5 expressing a modified Cry1Ac endotoxin

Somatic embryos of the commercial soybean (Glycine max) cultivar IAS5 were co-transformed using particle bombardment with a synthetic form of the Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin crystal protein gene cry1Ac, the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene gusA and the hygromycin resistance gene hpt. Hygromycin-resistant tissues were proliferated individually to give rise to nine sets of clones corresponding to independent transformation events. The co-bombardment resulted in a co-transformation efficiency of 44 percent. Many histodifferentiated embryos and 30 well-developed plants were obtained. Twenty of these plants flowered and fourteen set seeds. The integration and expression of the cry1Ac, gusA and hpt transgenes into the genomes of a sample of transformed embryos and all T0, T1, T2 and T3 plants were confirmed by Gus activity, PCR, Southern and western blot, and ELISA techniques. Two T0 plants out of the seven co-transformed plants produced seeds and were analyzed for patterns of integration and inheritance until the T3 generation. Bioassays indicated that the transgenic plants were highly toxic to the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis, thus offering a potential for effective insect resistance in soybean.