RESUMO
White spot syndrome virus(WSSV), Taura syndrome virus(TSV)and Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus(IHHNV)are three shrimp viruses responsible for major pandemics affecting the shrimp farming industry. Shrimps samples were collected from 12 farms in Zhejiang province, China, in 2008 and analyzed by PCR to determine the prevalence of these viruses. From the 12 sampling locations, 8 farms were positive for WSSV, 8 for IHHNV and 6 for both WSSV and IHHNV. An average percentage of 57.4% of shrimp individuals were infected with WSSV, while 49.2% were infected with IHHNV. A high prevalence of co-infection with WSSV and IHHNV among samples was detected from the following samples: Bingjiang(93.3%), liuao(66.7%), Jianshan(46.7%)and Xianxiang(46.7%). No samples exhibited evidence of infection with TSV in collected samples. This study provides comprehensive information of the prevalence of three shrimp viruses in Zhejiang and may be helpful for disease prevention control in this region.
RESUMO
El Virus de la Necrosis Infecciosa Hipodérmica y Hematopoyética (IHHNV) es un virus que causa altas mortalidades en Litopenaeus stylirostris y el síndrome de la deformidad del rostro (RDS) en L. vannamei. Con el fin de determinar la presencia del IHHNV en camarones cultivados asintomáticos, se analizaron muestras de camarones cultivados L. vannamei de cinco granjas camaroneras localizadas en el oriente y occidente de Venezuela. Se analizaron un total de 90 muestras por granja, de tres tallas: PL8-PL15, juveniles de 5-6 g y de 12 a 15gde peso. El ADN total fue extraído de muestras homogeneizadas de pleópodos, mediante el uso de kit comerciales. La detección del IHHNV fue realizado, tanto por hibridación mediante Dot Blot como por PCR utilizando los kits de Diagxotics ShrimpProbe y ShrimPCaRe Simplex, respectivamente. Se detectó un total de siete muestras positivas, provenientes de cuatro (B, C, D y E) de las cinco granjas camaroneras estudiadas, variando las prevalencias entre 1,1 y 3,3 por ciento por granja. Todas las muestras positivas correspondieron a individuos de 5 a 6 g de peso. La técnica diagnóstica por PCR fue más sensible para la detección del IHHNV que la hibridación por Dot Blot. La presencia del IHHNV en camarones asintomáticosy a bajos niveles de prevalencia puede implicar que las poblaciones de camarones utilizadas para cultivo en Venezuela son resistentes o en todo caso tolerantes a este virus.
The Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) is a pathogen that may cause high mortalities in Litopenaeus stylirostris and the Runt Deformity Syndrome (RDS) in L. vannamei. In order to detect the presence of IHHNV in asymptomatic, cultivated shrimp, it were analyzed shrimp samples of cultivated L. vannamei from 5 farms located in the east and west costs of Venezuela. A total of 90 samples per farm were analyzed, using three sizes: PL8-PL15, juveniles of 5-6 g and of 12-15 g of weight. The DNA was extracted from homogenized samples of pleopods, using commercial kits. The detection of IHHNV was carried out by both dot blot hybridization and PCR using the Diagxotics kits ShrimpProbe and ShrimPCaRe Simplex, respectively. A total of 7 positive samples from 4 (B, C, D and E) of the 5 shrimp farms studied were detected. The prevalence in the farms ranged from 1.1 to 3.3%. All positive samples corresponded to individuals of 5 to 6 g of weight. PCR was a more sensitive technique than the dot blot hybridization. The presence of IHHNV in asymptomatic shrimp at low values of prevalence could imply that the shrimp populations used for culture in Venezuela are resistant or at least tolerant to this viral pathogen.
Assuntos
Animais , Densovirinae/patogenicidade , Fauna Aquática/análise , Prevalência , AgriculturaRESUMO
The Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and Taura syndrome virus (TSV) are two important shrimp viruses in cultured shrimp in America. These two viruses were transmitted to China at the beginning of the 21st century. In this study, 214 shrimp samples of Penaeus vannamei were collected from seven different areas of China and tested by PCR for IHHNV and TSV infection. The results showed that there were a high prevalence of IHHNV (65.42%) and low prevalence of TSV (3.27%) in the tested samples. Several samples were found to be co-infected with these two viruses. A 3 kb fragment of 7 positive IHHNV samples and a structure protein region (ORF2) of three TSV positive samples were amplified and sequenced. The sequence comparison indicated that both IHHNV and TSV sequenced in China have a low genetic variations compared with the prototype IHHNV and TSV from Hawaii. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TSV isolates were clustered into two groups, Asia and America group, which was genetically correlated to geographic distribution.