Current situation and effect evaluation of mobile applications for physical activity management in China / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To analyze the current situation and effect of mobile applications for physical activity management in China.Methods:In this systematic review, search terms such as “exercise”, “sports”, “exercise”, “physical activity” and “mobile health” were used to retrieve the applications for physical activity management in the IOS Application Store developed in mainland of China. Then the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) and the Behavior Change Technology (BCT) were used to evaluate the quality of the applications and analyze the behavior change technologies that applications adopted. Moreover, a systematic review of relevant experimental studies was applied to summarize the effectiveness of the applications in promoting physical activity.Results:Total of 141 applications were included in this analysis, and 58 behavior change techniques in 16 categories were applied. The most frequently used 4 categories of BCT were behavior comparison (67.4%), repetition and substitution (67.4%), knowledge construction (67.4%), feedback and monitoring (58.2%). The overall objective quality score of MARS was 3.17±0.42, of which, the score of engagements, functionality, aesthetic design and information quality was 2.67±0.73, 3.75±0.54, 3.44±0.59 and 2.83±0.55, respectively. The number of BCT adopted in each application had a linear relationship with the application′s objective quality score in MARS ( B=0.023, 95% CI: 0.018-0.029) and user rating ( B=0.040, 95% CI: 0.019-0.060) (both P<0.001). A total of 4 articles were included to test the effects of techniques (i.e., physical activity behavior monitoring, physical activity planning and physical activity guidance) in 4 applications. The overall quality of the literatures was good. The main outcomes were physical activity duration (3 articles) and step count (1 article). Compared with those who did not use the application or only used the accelerometer to monitor physical activity, subjects who used the application to monitor physical activity had significant longer physical activity durations and step count (both P<0.05). Conclusions:The number, function and technology of physical activity management applications in China are abundant, but the quality of the applications is moderate. The number of BCT is an important factor in evaluating application′s quality, but its effect on behavior change is still not clear.

Congruencia entre modelos dentales impresos 3D y el archivo digital de origen: estudio in vitro comparativo de 5 impresoras 3D / Congruence between 3D printed dental models and the original digital file: comparative in vitro study of 5 3D printers

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo conocer la fiabilidad de la impresora 3D (i3D) aditiva por Matriz de Proceso Digital de Luz (MDLP) Hellbot modelo Apolo®, a través de verificar la congruencia dimensional entre las mallas de modelos impresos (MMi) y su correspondiente archivo digital de origen (MMo), obtenido del software de planificación ortodontica Orchestrate 3D® (O3D). Para determinar su uso en odontología y sus posibilidades clínicas, fue comparada entre cinco i3D de manufactura aditiva, dos DLP, dos por estereolitografía (SLA) y una por Depósito de Material Fundido (FDM). La elección de las cinco i3D se fundamentó en su valor de mercado, intentando abarcar la mayor diversidad argentina disponible. Veinte modelos fueron impresos con cada i3D y escaneados con Escáner Intraoral (IOS) Carestream modelo 3600® (Cs3600). Las 120 MMi fueron importadas dentro del programa de ingeniería inversa Geomagic® Control X® (Cx) para su análisis 3D, consistiendo en la superposición de MMo con cada una de las MMi. Luego, una evaluación cualitativa de la desviación entre la MMi y MMo fue realizada. Un análisis estadístico cuidadoso fue realizado obteniendo como resultado comparaciones en 3d y 2d. Las coincidencias metrológicas en la superposición tridimensional permitieron un análisis exhaustivo y fácilmente reconocible a través de mapas colorimétricos. En el análisis bidimensional se plantearon planos referenciados dentariamente desde la MMo, para hacer coincidir las mediciones desde el mismo punto de partida dentaria. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios y muy alentadores. Las probabilidades de obtener rangos de variabilidad equivalentes a +/- 50µm fueron de un 40,35 % y de +/- 100µm un 71,04 %. Por lo tanto, te- niendo en cuenta las exigencias de congruencia dimensional clínicas de precisión y exactitud a las cuales es sometida nuestra profesión odontológica, se evitan problemas clínicos arrastrados por los errores dimensionales en la manufactura (Cam) (AU)

The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of the Hellbot Apollo® model additive 3D printer (i3D) by Matrix Digital Light Processing (MDLP) by verifying the dimensional congruence between the printed model meshes (MMi) and their corresponding digital source file (MMo), obtained from the Orchestrate 3D® (O3D) orthodontic planning software. A comparison was made between five i3D of additive manufacturing, two DLP, two by stereolithography (SLA), and one by Fused Material Deposition (FDM), to determine its use in dentistry and its clinical possibilities. The choice of the five i3D was based on their market value, trying to cover most of the Argentinean diversity available. Twenty models were printed with each i3D and scanned with Carestream Intraoral Scanner (IOS) model 3600® (Cs3600). The 120 MMi were imported into the reverse engineering program Geomagic® Control X® (Cx) for 3D analysis, consisting of overlaying MMo with each MMi. Then, a qualitative evaluation of the deviation between MMi and MMo. Also, a careful statistical analysis was performed, resulting in 3d and 2d comparisons. Metrological coincidences in three-dimensional overlay allowed a comprehensive and easily recognizable analysis through colorimetric maps. In the two-dimensional analysis, dentally referenced planes were proposed from the MMo, to match the measurements from the same dental starting point. The results were satisfactory and very encouraging. The probabilities of obtaining ranges of variability equivalent to +/- 50µm were 40.35 % and +/- 100µm 71.04 %. Therefore, considering the demands of clinical dimensional congruence, precision, and accuracy to which our dental profession it is subjected, clinical problems caused by dimensional errors in manufacturing (Cam) are avoided (AU)

Predictive Factors In Successful Completion Of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy In Acute Cholecystitis.

Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in acute Cholecystitis is the established treatment of choice for the management of acute Cholecystitis. The conversion rate and morbidity is higher in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy done in acute Cholecystitis. Aims and Objectives: To identify certain preoperative criteria for the selection of patients in acute Cholecystitis that can undergo laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, so that there is decrease in the conversion rate to open procedure and decrease in the complications. Methods: A Prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Moolchand Medcity, New Delhi, on 50 patients with acute Cholecystitis from September 2009 to September 2010. Data was analyzed using standard statistical software SPSS. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis of qualitative data. Results: There were 4 males and 46 female patients with a mean age of 37. 74 years (range 18 to 65 years). There was no significant variation in intraoperative severity (IOS) pattern of acute Cholecystitis across the various age groups (p=0. 532). Males had significantly higher IOS grades of acute Cholecystitis as (p=0. 000). Among patients with varying IOS of acute Cholecystitis, there was significant difference in mean values of duration of symptoms before surgery (p=0.006), TLC at admission (adm.) (p=0.037) and at 24 hours of adm. (p=0.016) and serum AMS at adm. (p=0.005). The difference in mean serum ALP at adm. (p=0. 0171), at 24 hours of adm. (p=0. 137) and at 48 hours of adm. (p=0. 151), and mean values of TLC (p=0. 052) at 48 hours of adm. were insignificant across the various IOS grades of acute cholecystitis. There was no significant variation in histopathological severity (HPS) pattern of acute cholecystitis across the various age groups (p=0.826). Males had significantly higher HPS grades of acute Cholecystitis compared to females (p=0.042). Among patients with varying HPS of acute cholecystitis, there was no significant difference in mean duration of symptoms before surgery (p=0. 065). The difference in mean values of TLC at adm. (p=0.001), at 24 hours of adm. (p=0.001) and 48 hours of adm. (p=0.003); serum ALP at adm. (p=0.001), at 24 hours of adm.(p=0.001) and at 48 hours of adm.(p=0.022) was very significant across the various HPS grades of acute cholecystitis. The IOS (p=0.035) and HPS (p=0.032) of acute cholecystitis was significantly less with successful early lap Chole than with failed procedure. There was no significant difference in success versus failure rates of early Lap Chole across the age distribution of the patients (p=0. 153); mean values of duration of symptoms before surgery (p=0.971); TLC at adm. (p=0.422), at 24 hours of adm. (p=0.990) and at 48 hours of adm. (p=0. 478); serum ALP at adm. (p=0.113), at 24 hours of adm. (p=0.135) and at 48 hours of adm.(p= 0. 238). Male patients had significantly higher failure rate of early Lap Chole (p=0.022). Patients with failed early Lap Chole had a significantly longer mean duration of surgery (p=0. 032) and postoperative hospital stay (p=0.028) than those undergoing a successful procedure. Conclusion: Acute Cholecystitis is much more common in females. Severity of inflammation (intraoperative/ histopathological) in acute Cholecystitis is associated with higher failure/conversion rate of early laparoscopic Cholecystectomy because of dense pericholecystic adhesions, and has longer duration of surgery and postoperative hospital stay. This has a positive relation with male sex and TLC(IOS and TLC at 48 hrs of adm. , however had insignificant relation in our study ), while as no relation with age (at least up to 65 years) and mean duration of symptoms before surgery (if surgery is done within 1.5-4 days of onset of symptoms).

Impact of hepatitis A vaccine intervention on treatment effect in children with asthma / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the impact of hepatitis A vaccine (HAV) intervention on clinical manifestations and impulse oscillometry (IOS) pulmonary function in children with asthma.Methods Eighty asthma children in the pediatric department of the Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University were selected as the control group,78 children were in the intervention group.The attenuated live HAV was adopted to conduct the intervention.The clinical manifestations and IOS pulmonary function were observed in 6 months and 12 mohths after inoculation.The case control study and analysis were performed.Results The symptom control and partial control rate at 6 months after HAV vaccine intervention in the intervention group was 89.8 ％,which was higher than 86.3 ％ in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The symptom control and partial control rate at 12 months after intervention in the intervention group was 92.3％,which in the control group was 87.6％,the asthma symptoms control situation in the intervention group was improved markedly,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The peripheral airway viscosity resistance (R5-R20) at 6 months after HAV vaccine intervention in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group,but there was no statistically significant difference (P＞ 0.05);Zrs,Fres,R5 at 12 months after intervention in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion HAV vaccine intervention could improve clinical symptoms control and IOS lung function in children with asthma after one year.HAV vaccination has a protective effect on asthma in children.

Evaluation of intranasal oxygen supplementation in mules anesthetized with the combination of ketamine, butorphanol, and guaifenesin / Avaliação da suplementação intranasal de oxigênio em muares anestesiados com a associação de cetamina, butorfanol e éter gliceril guaiacólico

Hypoxemia is a major complication of field anesthesia and no studies regarding this occurrence in mules has been done. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate intranasal oxygen supplementation (IOS) in mules (Equus caballus x Equus asinus) anesthetized with ketamine/butorphanol/guaifenesin combination. For this, we used six male, adult mules (322±29kg) which underwent premedication (MPA) with 0.2mg/kg of midazolam intramuscularly after 15 minutes, 0.02mg/kg detomidine IV 5 minutes after, induction IV with combination of ketamine (2mg/mL), butorphanol (22.5mg/mL), and guaifenesin (50mg/mL) (K/B/G) until lateral decumbency. Maintenance was done with the same anesthetic combination. The animals were submitted twice to the protocol described above, 20 days apart, forming two groups. CG: MPA, induction (0.92±0.24mL/kg (mean±SD)), and maintenance (2.2±0.2mL/kg/h) without SIO; TG: MPA, induction (0.98±0.17mL/kg), and maintenance (2.3±0.4mL/kg/h) with IOS flow 40mL/kg/h. During anesthesia arterial blood was collected every 20 minutes (T0, T20, T40, and T60) for blood gas analysis. Data analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test. P<0.05 was considered significant. Hypoxemia of the animals in the CG in periods (59±5; 55±5; 53±7; 49±8) with lower averages than the TG (160±4, 115±34, 92±25, 81±19) was observed, demonstrating that IOS increases PaO2 avoiding the occurrence of hypoxemia.(AU)

A hipoxemia é uma das principais complicações da anestesia a campo, e em muares não existem estudos a respeito dessa ocorrência. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação intranasal de oxigênio (SIO) em muares (Equus caballus x Equus asinus) anestesiados com cetamina/butorfanol/guaifenesina associados. Para isso, foram utilizados seis muares, macho e adultos (322±29kg), submetidos à medicação pré-anestésica (MPA) com 0,2mg/kg de midazolam por via intramuscular, após 15 minutos, 0,02mg/kg de detomidina por via intravenosa, após cinco minutos, indução com administração intravenosa da associação de cetamina (2mg/mL), butorfanol (22,5 µg/mL) e guaifenesina (50mg/mL) em solução de glicose a 5% (C/B/G) até o animal assumir o decúbito lateral. A manutenção foi realizada com a mesma associação anestésica. Os animais foram submetidos duas vezes ao protocolo descrito anteriormente, com intervalo de 20 dias, formando dois grupos experimentais. GC -MPA, indução (0,92±0,24mL/kg (média±DP)) e manutenção (2,2±0,2mL/kg/h) sem SIO; GT - MPA, indução (0,98±0,17mL/kg) e manutenção (2,3±0,4mL/kg/h) com SIO, fluxo de 40mL/kg/h. Durante a anestesia, foi colhido sangue arterial a cada 20 minutos (T0, T20, T40 e T60) para hemogasometria. Os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA, seguidos pelo teste de Bonferroni. Valores de P<0,05 foram considerados significativos. Foi observada hipoxemia (PaO2<60mmHg) dos animais no GC nos tempos avaliados (T0= 59±5; T20= 55±5; T40= 53±7; T60= 49±8), com médias menores que as do GT, (160±4; 115±34; 92±25; 81±19, respectivamente), o que demonstrou que a suplementação intranasal de oxigênio aumenta a PaO2, evitando a ocorrência de hipoxemia.

Usefulness of impulse oscillometry in patients with asymptomatic bronchial asthma / 천식및알레르기

BACKGROUND: Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a valuable method for evaluating respiratory func- tion in a patient with bronchial asthma. There have been no reports on compliance assessment of the remodeled airway by estimation of the relationship between resistance and breathing volume in asymptomatic asthma using IOS. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate whether IOS could distinguish asymptomatic asthma from healthy control and detect altered physiology of the airway due to airway remodeling in asymptomatic asthmatic patients with normal pulmonary function. METHOD: 16 healthy and 16 asymptomatic patients with bronchial asthma were asked to breathe with the usual tidal volume (Vt) and with twice the amount of Vt. Using IOS, impedance, resistance for frequency at 5Hz and 20 Hz, reactance, and resonant frequency were measured. RESULTS: Resonant frequency was significantly higher in asymptomatic asthma than in healthy control for breathing with both usual Vt and twice the amount of Vt (mean+/-S.E.M. 16.35+/-1.44 Hz vs 13.34+/-0.66 Hz, 16.27+/-0.72 Hz vs 13.68+/-0.66 Hz, p<0.05 respectively), but the discriminant power of resonant frequency for distinguishing asymptomatic asthma from healthy control was low. There were no significant differences of other IOS parameters between asthma and control groups. Compared with control group, asymptomatic asthma group showed no significant change of IOS parameters according to breathing volume change. CONCLUSION: In this study, we could not find any IOS parameters sensitive enough to detect altered physiology of the remodeled airway in patients with asymptomatic bronchial asthma. Further studies are recommended to improve sensitivity of IOS method for investigating airway physiology in bronchial asthma.

The Application of Impulse Oscillometry(IOS) in the Detection of Smoking Induced Early Airway Obstruction / 결핵

BACKGROUND: Impulse Oscillometry is a noninvasive and effort-independent test used to characterize the mechanical impedance of the respiratory system. The clinical potential of the 105 is rapid and demands only passive cooperation which makes it especially appealing for children, for epidemiologic surveys and for conditions in which quiet breathig instead of forced expiratory maneuvers are preferred. However, several studies have shown conflicting results that the role of 108 about detection of smoking induced small airway diseases or early airway obstruction METHODS: Study was to evaluate the clinical ability of the 108 to detect about smoking induced early airway obstruction in persons with normal spirometry test. Respiratory asymptomatic study groups were formed that one is non-smoking group, another is smoking group. RESULTS: The parameters of spirometry were not significantly differences between non-smoking group and smoking group. Among the parameters of 108, total resistance(non-smoking group: smoking group= 2.22 +/-1.20 : 2.58 +/-1.71), peripheral resistance( 1.25 +/-0.62 : 1.47 +/-0.10), bronchial compliance(0.44 +/-0.12: 0.47 +/-0.16) were not statistically significant different (p<0.05), but central resistance and lung compliance were not statistically significant different (unit ; resistance= hPa/l/s, compliance= 1/hPa). Resistance(Rrs) was not statistically significant different with changes of frequences(5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35Hz), but Reactance(Xrs) was statistically significant differenct with low frequences that X5(non-smoking group : smoking group= -0.62 +/-0.28 : - 0.76 +/-0.48, p<0.001) and X10(-0.06 +/-0.19 : -0.15 +/-0.33, p<0.013) (unit; hPa/l/s, hPa=cmH2O) CONCLUSION: Impulse oscillometer(IOS) is clinically available method to detect about smoking induced early airway obstruction. And clinically potential parameters of IOS were considers that total resistance, peripheral resistance, bronchial resistance, and reactance of low frequency at 5Hz, 10Hz.