Estandarización del índice internacional normalizado en pacientes pre-quirúrgicos del Hospital San Juan de Dios de Cuenca / Standarization of the Internacional Normalized Index in pre-surgical patients at Hospital San Juan de Dios of Cuenca / Padronização do Índice Normalizado Internacional em pacientes pré-cirúrgicos do Hospital San Juan de Dios em Cuenca

El índice internacional normalizado (INR, por sus siglas en inglés), es un tipo de cálculo matemático que se basa en las pruebas de tiempo de protrombina. La seguridad y eficacia de la terapia dependen del efecto anticoagulante que reciban dentro del margen terapéutico fijado por el médico en base al estudio de sus tiempos de coagulación, específicamente expresado como el intervalo de INR. Establecer los rangos de referencia del INR aplicado en resultados obtenidos en pacientes del sexo masculino y femenino en edades entre los 18 hasta 60 años de edad en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de Cuenca, durante los meses de enero a junio del año 2021. Los datos fueron recopilados de 699 pacientes que acudieron a consulta externa del Hospital San Juan de Dios de Cuenca del área de hematología, que incluyen valores de tiempo de tromboplastina y su referente INR en base al ISI establecido en el reactivo emitido por el fabricante. Se establecieron los valores normales de INR los cuales varían en referencia al sexo del paciente. Para el sexo masculino valores con límite inferior 0,82 y límite superior 1,16; para el sexo femenino con límite inferior de 0,51 y el límite superior de 1,51. Los valores de INR tienen variaciones de acuerdo al sexo siendo los valores de hombres mas altos en relación al de las mujeres en el rango inferiores, Evidentemente los factores influyentes van en relación del sexo, edad, dieta y sobretodo la genética del paciente.

The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is a type of mathematical calculation based on prothrombin time testing. The safety and efficacy of therapy depend on the anticoagulant effect they receive within the therapeutic range set by the physician based on the study of their clotting times, specifically expressed as the INR range. To establish the reference ranges of the INR applied in results obtained in male and female patients between 18 and 60 years of age at the San Juan de Dios Hospital in Cuenca, during the months of January to June 2021. The data were collected from 699 patients who attended the outpatient clinic of the Hospital San Juan de Dios de Cuenca in the hematology area, including thromboplastin time values and their INR referent based on the ISI established in the reagent issued by the manufacturer. Normal INR values were established, which vary according to the patient's sex. For the male sex values with a lower limit of 0.82 and an upper limit of 1.16; for the female sex with a lower limit of 0.51 and an upper limit of 1.51. The INR values vary according to sex, with the values for men being higher in relation to those for women in the lower range. Evidently, the influencing factors are related to sex, age, diet and above all the patient's genetics.

A Relação Internacional Normalizada (INR) é um tipo de cálculo matemático baseado em testes de tempo de protrombina. A segurança e eficácia da terapia depende do efeito anticoagulante que recebem dentro da faixa terapêutica estabelecida pelo médico com base no estudo de seus tempos de coagulação, expressa especificamente como a faixa INR. Estabelecer as faixas de referência do INR aplicadas em resultados obtidos em pacientes do sexo masculino e feminino com idade entre 18 e 60 anos no Hospital San Juan de Dios em Cuenca, durante os meses de janeiro a junho de 2021. Os dados foram coletados de 699 pacientes que compareceram ao ambulatório do Hospital San Juan de Dios de Cuenca na área de hematologia, incluindo os valores de tempo de tromboplastina e sua referência INR baseada no ISI estabelecido no reagente emitido pelo fabricante. Foram estabelecidos valores normais de INR, que variam de acordo com o sexo do paciente. Para o sexo masculino, com um limite inferior de 0,82 e um limite superior de 1,16; para o sexo feminino, com um limite inferior de 0,51 e um limite superior de 1,51. Os valores de INR variam de acordo com o sexo, sendo os valores para os homens maiores em relação àqueles para as mulheres na faixa inferior. Evidentemente, os fatores de influência estão relacionados ao sexo, idade, dieta e, acima de tudo, à genética do paciente.

The use of histológical parameters to assess intestinal and liver health on broilers challenged isolatedly and simultaneously with cyclopiazonic acid and aflatoxin / B1 El uso de parámetros histológicos para evaluar la salud intestinal y hepática en pollos de engorde desafiados de forma aislada y simultánea con ácido ciclopiazónico y aflatoxina B1

Abstract Mycotoxins contaminate agricultural commodities, which contaminates animals. These toxins can damage vital organs, such as the liver, as well as the epithelial tissue. Among these mycotoxins are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), which can occur simultaneously in food. In broilers, mycotoxicosis has an economic impact due to several factors, such as low feed conversion rate, incidence of other diseases, and interference with reproductive capacity, all of which may lead to a public health problem. The aim of the present study was to histologically assess, through the I See Inside (ISI) method, harmful effects on broiler liver, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in the presence of AFB1 and CPA isolatedly and simultaneously. Groups challenged with mycotoxins showed significant damage to both gut and liver fragments. All challenged-groups in all fragments impaired the parameters analyzed for intestinal epithelium. In the liver, AFB1 was predominantly harmful when the parameters were analyzed separately, but when analyzing the total ISI score, CPA was also found to be harmful to this organ. The other point analyzed was the great variation between the weights of the birds contaminated by mycotoxin while the negative control group presents a lesser variation.

Resumen Las micotoxinas contaminan los productos agrícolas, que a su vez contaminan a los animales. Estas toxinas pueden dañar órganos vitales, como el hígado y el tejido epitelial. Entre estas micotoxinas se encuentran la aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) y el ácido ciclopiazónico (CPA), que pueden hallarse simultáneamente en los alimentos. En los pollos de engorde, la micotoxicosis tiene un impacto económico debido a varios factores, como la baja tasa de conversión alimenticia, la incidencia de otras enfermedades y la interferencia de la capacidad reproductiva, que pueden llevar a un problema de salud pública. El objetivo de la presente investigación es la de evaluar histológicamente, a través del método "I See Inside" (ISI), los efectos nocivos sobre el hígado, duodeno, yeyuno e íleon de pollos de engorde en presencia de AFB1 y CPA de forma aislada y simultánea. Los grupos desafiados con micotoxinas presentaron un daño significativo tanto en el intestino como en los fragmentos del hígado. Todos los grupos tratados tuvieron alteraciones en los parámetros analizados para el epitelio intestinal. En el hígado, AFB1 fue predominantemente dañino cuando los parámetros se analizaron por separado, pero al examinar la puntuación ISI total, también se encontró que el CPA era perjudicial para este órgano. Otra cuestión que fue investigada fue la gran variación entre los pesos de las aves contaminadas por micotoxinas mientras el grupo de control negativo presentó una variación menor.

Tres versiones del "Ogtt Squeezer", un programa para evaluar de un vistazo la información metabólica de la curva de tolerancia a la glucosa / Three versions of the "Ogtt Squeezer", a program to evaluate ataglance the metabolic information of the oral glucose tolerance test

El diagnóstico clínico de resistencia insulínica (RI) es difícil, ya que el Clamp no es aplicable a la clínica. El así llamado "síndrome metabólico", un predictor clínico de la RI, no identifica alrededor de la mitad de los sujetos afectados. Previamente, definimos adecuadamente (Análisis ROC) los niveles de corte diagnóstico de los siguientes predictores bioquímicos: HOMA1, HOMA2, QUICKI e ISI-Composite, a través de analizar datos de 90 sujetos (53 no resistentes y 37 resistentes) que tenían una medición directa de su resistencia insulínica (Test de supresión pancreática, TSP, Test de Reaven) y también, una curva de tolerancia a la glucosa oral (CTG). Los puntos de corte obtenidos exhibieron un mucho mejor desempeño diagnóstico comparados con los puntos de corte convencionales. También encontramos un predictor nuevo, simple, económico y eficiente, el I0*G60. Definimos la "normalidad metabólica" de la CTG usando las medianas de los valores de varios parámetros en 312 sujetos con un G120 dentro de los 2 primeros terciles del grupo de normo-tolerantes a la glucosa (NGT, n=468; G120: 51-110 mg/dL, los con mejor función beta insular). A las medianas de la función beta insular y de la sensibilidad insulínica se les asignó un valor de un 100%. Se calculó el % relativo de función beta insular (%RFBI) y el % relativo de sensibilidad insulínica (%RSI) del resto de la cohorte (n=573) contra estos valores de referencia. El "OGTT Squeezer" se escribió en Excel. Las glicemias y las insulinemias de la CTG fueron las entradas del programa. Las salidas fueron: I0*G60, ISI-OL, QUICKI, and HOMA1 (predictores) y el índice insulinogénico, el índice de disposición, %RFBI y %RSI (parámetros). El programa también caracterizó la tolerancia glucídica de acuerdo a los criterios de la ADA 2003. El formato final del programa, HTML 5, facilita su uso. Desarrollamos tres versiones del programa: completa, abreviada y mínima.

Clinically, diagnosing insulin resistance (IR) is difficult since the Clamp is not applicable to clinical work. The so-called "Metabolic Syndrome", a clinical surrogate of IR, fails to identify around 50% of affected subjects. Previously, we properly defined (ROC Analysis) the diagnostic cut-offs of the following biochemical predictors: HOMA1, HOMA2, QUICKI, and ISI-Composite by analyzing data from 90 subjects (53 non-insulin-resistant and 37 insulin-resistant subjects) who had a direct measurement of insulin resistance (Pancreatic Suppression Test, PST, Reaven's Test), and also, an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). The resulting cut-offs exhibited much better performances compared with the conventional cut-offs. We also found a new, simple, inexpensive and efficient predictor, the I0*G60. We chose to define the "metabolic normalcy" of the OGTT by using the median values of several parameters in 312 NGT subjects with a G120 in the first 2 tertiles of the NGT group (n=468; G120: 51-110 mg/dL, those with the best beta-cell function). The median values of both Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity of these subjects were assigned a 100% value. Both % Relative Beta-Cell Function (%RBCF) and % Relative Insulin Sensitivity (%RIS) of everyone else in the cohort (n=573) was calculated against these reference values. The "OGTT Squeezer" was written in Excel. The OGTT's glucose and insulin values served as the inputs of the program. The outputs were: I0*G60, ISI-OL, QUICKI, and HOMA1 (predictors), and Insulinogenic Index, Disposition Index, %RBCF, and %RIS (parameters). Moreover, the program characterized the OGTT according to the ADA 2003 criteria. The HTML 5 format of the program facilitates its use. We developed 3 versions of the program: complete, abbreviated, and minimal versions.

Proposal of conditional random inter-stimulus interval method for unconstrained enclosure based GPIAS measurement systems

Gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) method has been used effectively for the objective assessment of tinnitus in animals. Among two types of enclosures for the GPIAS, the unconstrained type carries less risk of animal death due to the absence of binding stress in the enclosure, and lack of need for alteration to animal size variation as it grows. However, animals' voluntary movements, which have no relation to the startles evoked by acoustic stimuli, are problematic, as they cannot be excluded in the case of the unconstrained enclosure based GPIAS measurement system. In order to discount voluntary movements which are not associated with external acoustic stimuli, we propose the conditional random interstimulus interval (CR ISI) method for unconstrained enclosure based GPIAS measurement. With the proposed ISI method, the unconstrained enclosure based acoustic startle response measurement system has been implemented in this paper. As a result, the effectiveness of the proposed CR ISI method has been verified and compared with those of conventional ISI methods through animal experiments using SD-rats. The experimental results showed that abnormal startle responses and invalid GPIAS values caused by motion were prevented when our proposed CR ISI method was applied to our implemented system. It was also verified that our proposed CR ISI method is advantageous in reducing the total experimental time for acquiring normal startle responses and valid GPIAS values, compared to conventional ISI methods, since our proposed CR ISI can begin the acoustic stimulation only when the animal gets stable and motionless.

Factor Analysis of the Insomnia Severity Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale in Shift Workers

Variations in Iron Status Indicators in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle – A Study of Two Age-Matched Socio- Economic Groups of 18 – 25 Years of Age.

Background: Iron requirements are increased in adolescent girls with growth and the onset of menarche and remain high in women until menopause. Methods: We conducted a study on two study groups of girls in age group 18-25 years belonging to different socioeconomic classes as per the Modified Kuppuswamy’s Scale to study the effect of the phases of menstrual cycle & socioeconomic class on the iron status indicators (Hb, Serum Iron, TIBC, MCV & TS%).Menstrual phases were defined and blood samples were drawn from all the girls in all the 3 phases (menstrual, follicular & luteal) and Hb, Serum iron & Total iron binding capacity were assessed on a semi-auto-analyzer & MCV was estimated using a fully automated CBC machine. Transferrin Saturation was derived as Serum Iron / TIBC × 100. Results: We found significant (p< 0.01) difference in iron status indicators in both our groups, the values of iron status indicators varied significantly according to the menstrual cycle, with values highest during the luteal phase and lowest during the menstrual phase. From our observations we can conclude that the nutritional status (assessed by the height, weight & BMI) and the iron status indicators both differ significantly in the two age-matched comparable socio-economic groups. Conclusion: socioeconomic class has a major determining role on an individual’s health. The effect of hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle also has a part to play in the variation of iron status measures, which has to be considered while measuring them in a female during her reproductive years

Study of Iron Status Indicators in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle in Females of Lower Socio-Economic Group.

Background: Iron requirements are increased in adolescent girls with growth and the onset of menarche and remain high in women until menopause. Methods: We conducted a study on 18-25 years females of lower socioeconomic status as per the Modified Kuppuswamy’s Scale to study the effect of the phases of menstrual cycle & socioeconomic class on the iron status indicators (Hb, Serum Iron, TIBC, MCV & TS%).Menstrual phases were defined and blood samples were drawn from all the girls in all the 3 phases (menstrual, follicular & luteal) and Hb, Serum iron & Total iron binding capacity were assessed on a semi-auto-analyzer & MCV was estimated using a fully automated CBC machine. Transferrin Saturation was derived as Serum Iron / TIBC × 100. Results: We found that the values of iron status indicators varied significantly according to the menstrual cycle, with values highest during the luteal phase and lowest during the menstrual phase. From our observations we can conclude that the nutritional status (assessed by the height, weight & BMI) and the iron status indicators both are significantly lower in the females of lower SES. Hence, socio-economic class has a major determining role on an individual’s health. Conclusion: The effect of hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle also has a part to play in the variation of iron status measures, which has to be considered while measuring them in a female during her reproductive years.

Clinical Observations on the Therapeutic Effect of Ear Acupoint Thumbtack Needle Embedding on Senile Primary Insomnia / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of ear acupoint thumbtack needle embedding in treating senile primary insomnia.Method Seventy patients were allocated, using a random number table, to observation and control groups, 35 cases each. The observation group received ear acupoint thumbtack needle embedding with alternate selections of left and right ear acupoints and the control group took estazolam tablets, 1 mg once before bedtime. Both groups were treated once every other day, for 30 days. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score were recorded before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were evaluated.Result The total efficacy rate was 91.4% in the observation group and 82.9% in the control group. It was higher in the observation group than in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In the observation group, the sleep quality, sleep efficiency and daytime dysfunction scores and the total score were lower after treatment than before (P<0.05). In the control group, the sleep duration and sleep efficiency scores and the total score were lower after treatment than before (P<0.05). After treatment, the sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction scores and the total score were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05) and the sleep duration score was lower in the control group than in the observation group (P<0.05). In both groups, the ISI score was lower after treatment than before (P<0.05). It decreased more significantly in the observation group than in the control group; therewas a statistically significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Ear acupoint thumbtack needle embedding has a definite therapeutic effect on senile primary insomnia. It can reduce sleep disturbances, improve daytime function and decrease insomnia severity in the patients.

Biomechanics and mechanobiology of ligaments and tendons / 医用生物力学

The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons (ISL&T) was inaugurated in 2000 in Orlando, Florida, USA. The primary purpose of the ISL&T was to call attention to the importance of ligament and tendon (L&T) research and to bring together bioengineers, biologists, and clinician-scientists in a forum where the most current research findings could be shared, critiqued and discussed. In each symposium since 2000, there have been a number of stimulating, thought-provoking discussions on current hot topics and future challenges. The ISL&T has taken place for 15 years now, and as a result, the L&T field has significantly expanded in quantity while the quality of research has also been greatly improved. In commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the Journal of Medical Biomechanics, this article will highlight some of the major advances in L&T research over the past three decades. Topics to be covered include tissue mechanics, mechanobiology, injury and healing mechanisms, and tissue repair and regeneration.

Calidad de las tromboplastinas utilizadas en el laboratorio clínico y en los equipos POCT y su impacto en la dosificación de acenocumarol en pacientes con terapia anticoagulante oral / Types of thromplastin used for INR determination in patients under chronic oral anticoagulant treatment: discrepancies that may affect the dose of coumarin derivatives needed for treatment safety

Antecedentes: El monitoreo del tratamiento con anticoagulantes cumarínicos se realiza a través del INR (International Normalized Ratio) que es el parámetro estandarizado del Tiempo de Protrombina. Las recomendaciones de la OMS indican que la precisión en el cálculo del INR puede ser mejorada usando reactivo de tromboplastina con Indice de Sensibilidad Internacional (ISI) bajo, considerándose como ISI de referencia internacional el valor 1,0. Debido a incongruencias observadas en los INR de pacientes controlados en el Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente, comparando valores de muestra venosa con resultados de INR capilar obtenidos en el mismo paciente el mismo día y hora (con reactivos Tromboplastina de distinto ISI), se efectuó un ensayo clínico cruzado entre los distintos métodos. Materiales y métodos: En 100 pacientes se comparó INR venoso con dos tromboplastinas de diferente ISI (1,3 y 1,0) vs aquel efectuado con muestra capilar (ISI 1,0). Resultados: Los resultados del estudio muestran que a partir de valores de INR 3,0 las determinaciones obtenidas usando Tromboplastina de cerebro de conejo ISI=1,3 subestiman el valor de INR para un mismo paciente y una misma muestra. Conclusiones: El uso de Tromboplastina recombinante humana ISI 1,0 permite evitar la subestimación del INR en pacientes con mayor riesgo tromboembóli-co (indicación de INR objetivo más alto). Por ello, este método se adoptó en el control del TACO en pacientes controlados en el Servicio de Salud Occidente.

Background: INR (International Normalized Ratio) is the standard Prothrombin Time parameter for monitoring anticoagulant treatment with coumarin derivatives Recommendations of WHO indicate that precision in the calculation of the INR can be improved using thromboplastins with a low Index of International Sensibility (ISI=1,0). Discrepancies in INR obtained using either this technique or conventional rabbit brain derived reagents in the same sample in patients attending the Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente (West Metropolitan Health Service) were observed. Our objective was to evaluate these discrepancies in a systematic way. Materials and methods: A comparative study was conducted using two thromboplastins of different ISI (1.0 and 1.3) for the calculation of venous INR in comparison with capillary INR in 100 patients. Results: The study showed that INR values may differ significantly according to the method used. In particular, rabbit brain thromboplastin ISI = 1.3 underestimates the value of INR in the range of INR ≥3.0. Conclusions: The use of human recombinant thromboplastin ISI= 1.0. for determination of INR may significantly decrease the risk of hemorrhagic complications in patients requiring higher levels of anticoagulation.

The effect of impaired sleep on preterm labour / Efecto de los trastornos del sueño en el trabajo de parto prematuro

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance has become an important health problem for pregnant women. In fact, pregnancy-associated sleep disorder has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity. We aimed to study the relationship between sleep disturbance and preterm birth during pregnancy in a sample of Iranian women. METHODS: In this analytical cohort study, 231 pregnant women in their 28th-32nd gestational week were recruited, using the multistage sampling method, from four healthcare centres in Ardabil, Iran, during 2010. The women were followed-up until 37-week gestation. One hundred and twelve women did not have sleep disturbances while 119 women had sleep disturbances. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and a demographic data questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics, t, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were used as appropriate. RESULTS: The prevalence of preterm labour was 11.8%in women with sleep disorder compared with 11.6% in women without sleep disorder (p = 0.9). Sleep duration less than eight hours, daytime dysfunction and impaired quality of life as a component of ISI showed a significant relationship with preterm birth (p = 0.02, p = 0.044, and p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although daily dysfunction and lower quality of life because of sleep problems, and total sleep duration were variables associated with preterm birth, we found no significant relationship between sleep disorder and preterm birth.

ANTECEDENTES: La alteración del sueño se ha convertido en un importante problema de salud para las mujeres embarazadas. De hecho, los trastornos del sueño asociados con el embarazo han sido reconocidos como una entidad clínica distinta. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la relación entre los trastornos del sueño y los nacimientos prematuros durante el embarazo en una muestra de mujeres iraníes MÉTODOS: En este estudio de cohorte analítica, se reclutaron 231 mujeres embarazadas en su semana gestacional de 28 - 32, utilizando el método de muestreo por etapas, de cuatro centros de atención a la salud en Ardabil, Irán, durante el año 2010. Las mujeres tuvieron seguimiento hasta la semana 37 de gestación. Ciento doce mujeres no tuvieron trastornos del sueño, en tanto que 119 mujeres tuvieron trastornos del sueño. El índice de severidad de insomnio (ISI), la escala de somnolencia de Epworth (ESS) y un cuestionario de datos demográficos, fueron utilizados para la recolección de datos. Los datos fueron analizados usando el software SPSS. La estadística descriptiva, t, Chi-cuadrado, el test exacto de Fisher, y las pruebas de Mann-Whitney, fueron usadas según correspondiera. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia del trabajo de parto prematuro fue de 11.8% en las mujeres con trastorno del sueño, en comparación con el 11.6% en las mujeres sin trastorno del sueño (p = 0.9). La duración del sueño de menos de ocho horas, la disfunción diurna, así como el deterioro de la calidad de vida como um componente de ISI, mostraron una relación significativa con los nacimientos prematuros (p = 0.02, p = 0.044 y p = 0.047, respectivamente). CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque la disfunción diurna y el deterioro de la calidad de vida debido a problemas con el sueño, al igual que la duración total del sueño, fueron variables asociadas con el parto prematuro, no hallamos ninguna relación significativa entre el trastorno del sueño y los nacimientos prematuros.

Publicaciones de autores chilenos en revistas quirúrgicas durante los últimos diez años / Analysis of scientifi c publications by Chilean surgeons

Background: The number and quality of publications is an indirect measure of the capacity of an individual, institution or country to generate knowledge. Aim: To assess the number of publications of Chilean surgeons, registered in the Institute for Scientific Knowledge (ISI). Material and Methods: A search was conducted in the ISI platform for publications generated by Chilean surgeons in the last ten years. The number of publications and citations, the journals in which the publications appeared and nationality of coauthors, were analyzed. Results: Three hundred and eighty papers were identified. Of these, 333 (88 percent) were published in the period 2006-2010. The papers were cited in 1.946 opportunities (impact factor of 5.12 and h-index of 21). Thirty three percent of papers were published in Revista Chilena de Cirugía, 8 percent in Obesity Surgery and 4 percent in the World Journal of Surgery. Thirty four percent of papers came from the University of Chile, 21 percent from Catholic University and 8 percent from Universidad de la Frontera. Conclusions: The number of publications of Chilean surgeons is experiencing an increase in the last years.

Introducción: Caracterizar la producción científica personal, institucional o nacional es una necesidad para comprender y mejorar la generación de conocimiento. El objetivo de este estudio es definir el perfil bibliométrico de las publicaciones ISI, relacionadas con la cirugía chilena en el período 2001-2010. Material y Método: Estudio bibliométrico. Se realizó una búsqueda en la plataforma ISI Web of Knowledge de Thomson Reuters respecto de la productividad científica de la cirugía chilena en los últimos 10 años. Las variables analizadas fiieron número de publicaciones, citaciones de artículos chilenos por año, revistas en las que se publicó, idioma de las publicaciones, autores, instituciones y países de coautoría. Resultados: Se identificaron 380 artículos, 333 de los cuales (87,6 por ciento) se registraron en el período 2006-2010. Fueron citados en 1.946 oportunidades (Factor de Impacto de 5,12 e índice-h de 21). Los artículos fueron publicados en Rev Chil Cir (33,4 por ciento), Obes Surg (8,15 por ciento) y World J Surg (3,6 por ciento). Las instituciones con mayor representación fueron Universidad de Chile (33,9 por ciento), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (21,0 por ciento) y Universidad de La Frontera (8,4 por ciento). Conclusión: La producción científica de la cirugía chilena ha mostrado un importante ascenso desde el inicio del período en estudio hasta la fecha. De la misma forma, se observa un incremento de las citaciones de estos artículos.

Colaboración científica de la Universidad de La Habana en el Web of Science, 2000-2006 / Havana University scientific collaboration in the Web of Science, 2000-2006

Realizar un análisis métrico de la colaboración científica de la Universidad de La Habana en las publicaciones procesadas en las revistas de la corriente principal en las bases de datos del Institute for Scientific Information ISI en el período del 2000-2006. Se utilizó como fuente de datos para el estudio las bases de datos del ISI, disponibles en línea a través del Web of Science. La estrategia de búsqueda consistió en el empleo de la palabra Cuba en el campo author address en el período 2000-2006. Se definió y analizó la colaboración internacional, nacional e interdepartamental. La colaboración y las temáticas de investigación se presentaron en grafos basados en el análisis de redes sociales. El total de artículos publicados por la Universidad de la Habana en revistas de la corriente principal en el período analizado fue de 1 092, de los cuales el 87 por ciento fueron realizados en colaboración. Con respecto a la colaboración internacional, 36 países colaboraron en un total de 743 artículos con la Universidad de La Habana. En relación con la colaboración nacional, se identificaron un total de 57 instituciones nacionales que colaboraron con la Universidad de la Habana. Se evidenció el predominio de la colaboración internacional (69 por ciento), sobre la nacional (19 por ciento), interdepartamental (4 por ciento) y los trabajos sin colaboración (9 por ciento). Las temáticas más representativas de la producción científica de la Universidad de la Habana corresponden a las líneas de investigación de las facultades y centros de investigación más productivos de la Universidad de La Habana.

To make a metric analysis of the scientific collaboration of the University of Havana in the publications processed in the mainstream journals in the databases of the Institute of Scientific Information during the period 2000-2006. The databases of the Institute for Scientific Information available on line through the Web of Science were used as data source. The search strategy is based on the use of the word Cuba in the author address field during the period 2000-2006. The international, national and interdepartmental collaboration was defined and analysed. The collaboration and the research topics were presented in graphs based on the analysis of social networks. 1 092 articles were by the University of Havana inmainstream journals in the period analyzed. 87 of them were the result of collaboration. 36 countries collaborated with the University of Havana in a total of 743 articles. 57 national institutions were identified in collaboration with the University of Havana. A predominance of international collaboration (69 percent) over the national (19 percent), the interdepartmental (4 percent) and the papers without collaboration (9 percent) was observed. The most representative topics of the scientific production of Havana University are related to the research lines of the faculties and most productive research centers of the University of Havana.

The value of local ISI calibration in correcting the variability in INR determination.

We have compared the International Normalized Radio (INR) determination using the manufactures’ stated International Sensitivity Index (ISI) with an alternative method using local calibration of ISI with the calibrator plasma. It was found that the variability of the INR was less when the results were expressed by INR using local calibration of ISI. The results indicated that the local ISI calibration might reduce the variability in the INR determination.

A Comparative Study on a Home-made Thromboplastin / 대한혈액학회지

BACKGROUND: Thromboplastin extracted from human brain has been replaced by other animal sources due to the risk of infection. However, there is a variation in sensitivity according to the animal it was extracted from, making the monitoring of the prothrombin time (PT) in patients on anticoagulant therapy particularly difficult. Standardization of PT is made by comparing each thromboplastin with an international reference preparation, calculating the ISI (International sensitivity index), and expressing the PT in INR (International Normalized Ratio). Thromboplastins that are currently available commercially are from rabbit brain, human placenta, or bovine brain. This study was undertaken to find the best animal source by comparing the precision of thromboplastins derived from different animals, ISI, and the sensitivities to factor VII deficeint plasma. METHODS: The thromboplastin was extracted from the animal's brain with normal saline. The precision of the thromboplastin and the sensitivity to factor VII deficient plasma were measured. Fresh plasmas from 108 healthy individuals and 69 patients on oral anticoagulant therapy were obtained to measure the PT using the thromboplastin from human or animal brain. From the results, the ISI and CV (correlation of variation) were calculated. RESULTS: The average PT for normal individuals using thromboplastins from human (HBT), rabbit (RBT), bovine (OBT), swine (PBT), and canine (DBT) brain were 13.8, 18.3, 26.7, 26.2, and 37.3 seconds, respectively. Thromboplastin from chicken brain failed to induce coagulation. The prolongation of PT with factor VII deficient plasma for HBT, RBT, OBT, PBT, and DBT were 2.96, 2.96, 2.69, 2.47, and 3.08 respectively. The ISI for RBT, OBT, PBT, and DBT were 1.37, 1.39, 1.54, and 1.20 and the CV were 0.9, 0.9, 0.82, and 1.04, respectively. CONCLUSION: The precisions were high for all thromboplastins with the exception ofDBT. The thromboplastins were all sensitive to factor VII depleted plasma. The ISI were less than 1.6 and the CV were all less than 3%. The average PT of healthy individuals was shortest using RBT and the ISI was also low (1.4), indicating that rabbit brain is a suitable source of thromboplastin.