International Council of Ophthalmology-Small Incision Cataract Surgery rubric: A roadmap to evaluate cataract surgical skill acquisition during residency training

Purpose: The International Council of Ophthalmology?Small Incision Cataract Surgery (ICO?SICS) rubric is a tool to grade SICS steps from novice to competent. The study aimed to evaluate the progress of residents’ surgical skills by using the ICO?SICS rubric and the perceptions of residents and faculties about its use. Methods: This prospective educational interventional study, done in the Ophthalmology department between September 2019 and February?2020 included 14 residents and five faculties. Faculties scored residents’ SICS by ICO?SICS?rubric (four sessions/resident) and helped them identify three steps as “area of focus” to work upon. Feedback was taken using a semi?structured pretested questionnaire. Focus group discussion was done for residents. Data were entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS. Perception analysis presented as percentage of written responses. Results: Step?wise rubric score showed improvement for initial SICS steps and wound closure (P < 0.05). Critical surgical steps and scores for three areas of focus steps showed no statistically significant improvement. Three steps as an area of focus changed partly for 11 residents and completely for three residents at the end of 6 months. Perception analysis of faculty and residents showed that the ICO?SICS rubric is a good tool to record surgical performance, identify steps needing improvement and provide structured feedback hence opined to continue it. Residents considered it as an effective learning and assessment tool. Conclusion: ICO?SICS rubric is a good teaching tool and helps to assess the progress of surgical skills. Identification of areas of poor performance and feedback given motivates them to focus on those areas leading to continuous professional development, resulting in competent surgeons performing SICS surgery independently at the end of the residency

Application of physico-chemical indexes and BMWP / Col. to establish the impact of urbanization on Río Frío (Bucaramanga, Colombia) / Aplicación de índices físico-químicos y BMWP/ Col. para establecer el impacto del urbanismo en Río Frío (Bucaramanga, Colombia) / Aplicação de índices físico-químicos e BMWP/ Col. Para estabelecer o impacto do urbanismo em Rio Frio (Bucaramanga, Colômbia)

Abstract In this study, samples from four different sites were collected from Río Frío, a stream crossing the city of Bucaramanga (Colombia). The course evaluated started in the suburban area and finished in the vicinity where Río Frío becomes the tributary of Río de Oro. Invertebrates were identified belonging to different phyla: Annelida, Mollusca, and Arthropoda, corresponding to five classes, 14 orders, and 51 families. Biological monitoring working party (BMWP)/Col., ICO, and ICA-CETESB (Environmental Agency of the State of São Paulo) indexes were evaluated to determine water quality and environmental impact caused by urban growth. Statistical analysis of collected data revealed progressive basin deterioration from the first site of collection to the last site. At the beginning of the evaluated course, good water quality was observed. However, after flowing through the urban area, very poor quality indexes were detected. Based on the Wenger etal. guidelines two main problems were identified: weak enforcement of environmental laws, in addition to poorly legislated environmental urban planning.

Resumen En este estudio se recolectaron muestras de cuatro sitios diferentes del Río Frío, un arroyo que cruza la ciudad de Bucaramanga (Colombia). El curso evaluado inició en el área suburbana y culminó en las cercanías en donde el Río Frío se convierte en el afluente del Río de Oro. Se identificaron invertebrados pertenecientes a diferentes especies: Annelida, Mollusca y Artrópodos, correspondientes a cinco clases, 14 órdenes y 51 familias. De igual forma, se realizó un monitoreo biológico de los índices de los grupos de investigación (BMWP)/ Col., ICO, e ICA-CETESB (Agencia ambiental de São Paulo) con el fin de determinar la calidad del agua y el impacto ambiental causados por el crecimiento urbano. El análisis estadístico de la información obtenida reveló la deterioración progresiva de la cuenca del rio desde el primer sitio de la toma de la muestra hasta el final. Al inicio del curso evaluado, se observó una buena calidad del agua. Sin embargo, después de atravesar el área urbana, se detectaron índices de muy mala calidad. Basándose en Wenger et al., se identificaron dos problemas principales: un cumplimiento deficiente de las leyes ambientales, y un planeamiento urbanístico ambiental mal legislado.

Resumo Neste estudo se coletaram amostras de quatro locais diferentes do Rio Frío, um canal que cruza a cidade de Bucaramanga (Colômbia). O curso avaliado iniciou na área suburbana e culminou nas proximidades onde o Rio Frio se converte em afluente do Rio de Oro. Se identificaram invertebrados pertencentes a diferentes espécies: Annelida, Mollusca y Artrópodos, correspondentes a cinco classes, 14 ordens e 51 famílias. Adicionalmente, se realizou uma monitoração biológica dos índices dos grupos de investigação (BMWP)/Col., ICO, e ICA-CETESB (Agencia ambiental de São Paulo) com a finalidade de determinar a qualidade da água e o impacto ambiental causado pelo crescimento urbano. A análise estatística da informação obtida revelou a deterioração progressiva da bacia hidrográfica desde o primeiro local de coleta até o local final de amostragem. Na área inicial do curso elevado, se observou uma boa qualidade da água. Entretanto, depois de cruzar a área urbana, se detectaram índices de qualidade muito baixos. De acordo com as guias de Wenger e colaboradores, se identificaram dois problemas principais: um cumprimento deficiente das leis ambientais e um planejamento urbanístico ambiental mal legislado.

The vision of making ICO examinations computerized in our country / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Compared to traditional paper & pencil test,computer-based test has obvious advantages in improving reliability and validity of test.With the increasing popularity of computer-basedtest,making ICO examinations(International Basic Science and Clinical Sciences Assessment for Ophthalmologists) computerized can be realized in our country for the reason that we own hardware and software required by computerized exam,including standardized examination room,professional test personnel,examinee with computer skills,etc.Currently,we can rely on available resources to carry out pilots in the areas meeting the condition of computer-based test,take the form of paper and pencil and computer at the same time,and then promote the process of computer-based ICO examinations.

Avaliação da qualidade de iogurte aromatizado / Evaluation of the quality of yogurt aromatiser

Amostras de iogurte aromatizados, nos sabores morango, abacaxi e coco, da mesma marca, foram adquiridas de um supermercado da cidade de Uberlândia-MG, no período de outubro de 2002 à janeiro de 2003, com a finalidade de avaliar os aspectos físico-químicos (acidez titulável e pH) e microbiológicos (contagem de bactérias láticas totais, coliformes totais e fecais). Foram analisadas 30 amostras, 10 de cada sabor, todos em duplicata. Os resultados mostraram que 40 por cento das amostras sabor morango e 10 por cento dos demais sabores estavam com o pH abaixo de 4,0 que é o valor mínimo exigido para que o iogurte tenha sabor adequado. Quanto à acidez titulável, todas as amostras estavam dentro dos padrões (0,60 por cento a 1,50 por cento g de ácido lático). Nas contagens de bactérias láticas totais, os valores mais elevados foram encontrados no iogurte sabor abacaxi, seguido dos sabores morango e coco, estando todas elas com o mínimo determinado pela legislação, ou seja, 10 UFC/ml.

Flavors yogurt samples, in the savors strawberry, pineapple and coconut, of the same mark, had been acquired of a supermarket of the city of Uberlãndia- MG, in the period of October of 2002 to the January of 2003, with the purpose to evaluate the aspects physicist- chemistries (titillate acidity and pH) and microbiological (counting of total lactic bacteria, coliformes totals and fecal). 30 samples had been analyzed, 10 of each flavor, all in duplicate. The results had shown that 40% of the samples flavor strawberry and 10% of the too many flavors were with pH below of 4,0 that is the demanded minimum value so that the yogurt has adequate flavor. How much to the titulável acidity, all the samples were inside of the standards (0.60% 1.50% g of acid lático). ln the counting of total lactic bacteria, the raised values more had been found in the yogurt flavor pineapple, followed of the flavors strawberry and coconut, being all they with the minimum determined for the legislation, or either, 107 UFC/ml.

Biomassa da parte aérea da vegetação da Floresta Tropical úmida de terra-firme da Amazônia Brasileira

A data set with 315 trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) greater than 5 cm was used to test four statistical models - linear, non-linear and two logarithmics - to estimate aboveground biomass of standing trees. The data were collected destructively near Manaus, Central Amazonia, on a site covered by a typical dense "terra-flrme" moist forest on plateaus dominated by yellow oxisols. The difference between observed and estimated biomass was always below 5%. The logarithmic model using a single independent variable (dbh) produced results as consistent and precise as those with two variables (dbh and total height). Besides statistical models to estimate aboveground biomass, the following information are also presented in this paper: the contribution of each free component (stem, branch, twigs, leaves and flowers or fruits) to the total weight of a standing tree, water content to estimate the dry weight and carbon concentration of each tree component.

Usando um banco de dados com 315 árvores, com DAP5 cm, foram testados quatro modelos estatísticos - linear, não linear e dois logarítmicos - para estimar a biomassa de árvores em pé. Os dados foram coletados, de forma destrutiva, na região de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, em um sítio coberto por floresta de terra-fírme sobre platôs de latossolo amarelo. Em diferentes simulações com diferentes intensidades de amostragem, os quatro modelos estimam precisamente a biomassa, sendo que o afastamento entre a média observada e a estimada, em nenhuma ocasião ultrapassou 5%. As equações para estimar a biomassa de árvores individuais em uma parcela fixa, distintamente para árvores com 5 DAP 20 cm e com DAP20 cm, são mais consistentes do que o uso de uma única equação para estimar, genericamente, todas as árvores com DAP5 cm. O modelo logarítmico com apenas uma variável independente, o DAP, apresenta resultados tão consistentes e precisos quanto os modelos que se utilizam também da variável altura total da árvore. Além do modelo estatístico para estimar o peso da massa fresca total de uma árvore, outras informações são apresentadas, estratificadas nos diferentes compartimentos (tronco, galho grosso, galho fino, folhas e, eventualmente, flores e frutos) de uma árvore, como: concentração de água para estimar o peso da massa seca, concentração carbono e a contribuição do peso de cada compartimento no peso total.