3D Bitemark Analysis in Forensic Odontology Utilizing a Smartphone Camera and Open-Source Monoscopic Photogrammetry Surface Scanning

Abstract Bitemark analysis is a challenging procedure in the field of criminal case investigation. The unique characteristics of dentition are used to find the best match between the existing patterned injury and the suspected perpetrator in bitemark identification. Bitemark analysis accuracy can be influenced by various factors, including biting pressure, tooth morphology, skin elasticity, dental cast duplication, timing, and image quality. This review article discusses the potential of a smartphone camera as an alternative method for 3D bitemark analysis. Bitemark evidence on human skin and food should be immediately recorded or duplicated to retrieve long-lasting proof, allowing for a sufficient examination period. Various studies utilizing two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) technologies have been developed to obtain an adequate bitemark analysis. 3D imaging technology provides accurate and precise analysis. However, the currently available method using an intraoral scanner (IOS) requires high-cost specialized equipment and a well-trained operator. The numerous advantages of monoscopic photogrammetry may lead to a novel method of 3D bitemark analysis in forensic odontology. Smartphone cameras and monoscopic photogrammetry methodology could lead to a novel method of 3D bitemark analysis with an efficient cost and readily available equipment.

Application of ceremony education in medical humanistic education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Nowadays, ceremony education, as a specific education method, is becoming increasingly popular in medical humanistic education.It is a truth generally acknowledged that the importance of ceremony education is located at its extensive scope and plasticity.The cultivation of medical students' human-oriented spirit, strengthening their career identity and enhancing their ideological moralitycan be processed by ceremony education, in which much attention is attached to its four features, identity recognition, emotion polymerization, spirit conduction and cultural inheritance.However, there still exist some problems to be solved in the practice of ceremony education such as overformalization, insufficient individuation and systematization.That is what we mean to discuss in this paper.