CD4 + T cell depletion in HIV infection and immune reconstitution following antiretroviral therapy / 中国医师杂志

The hallmarks of HIV infection include progressive CD4+T cell depletion and chronic immune activation.Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) can restore CD4 +T cell counts and related immune responses to various opportunistic pathogens.On some occasions,improvement in the immune system leads to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome shortly after ART initiation.On the other hand,some patients fail to achieve a normal CD4 + T cell count despite long-term suppressive ART.Multiple studies have demonstrated that persistent immune activation and inflammation are closely associated with suboptimal immune recovery although the underlining mechanisms remain widely debated.