RESUMO
Breast milk is the natural biological template for infants'nutrition.The quality of milk direct-ly affects the growth and development of infants.Breast milk provides not only essential nutrition for infants'growth and development,but various bioactive components,posing an effect on the development of gastrointesti-nal tract,nervous system and immune system of the breastfed infant. In recent years,studies have found that breast milk is one of the richest sources of microRNA(miRNA)compared with other body fluids.The miRNA is a kind of short chain noncoding nucleic acid,regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.Potential effects of exogenous food-derived microRNAs on gene expression have been demonstrated,together with the sta-bility of milk-derived microRNAs in the gastrointestinal tract.Studies have found miRNA in breast milk is asso-ciated with immunomodulation,can regulate the metabolism and promote the growth and development.This pa-per reviews the absorption mechanisms and potential protection on breast-fed infants of miRNA in breast milk.
RESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: La farmacopea clásica, empleada para atenuar la dependencia a ciertas drogas de abuso ilegal, como la cocaína, ha demostrado una pobre eficacia terapéutica. Basado en este desalentador panorama clínico-terapéutico, desde hace más de una década diversos investigadores han desarrollado nuevas estrategias terapéuticas contra la adicción a la cocaína. Estas nuevas estrategias experimentales están basadas en el diseño y la síntesis de formulaciones estructurales de vacunas terapéuticas contra la adicción a la cocaína. OBJETIVO: Realizar una descripción del desarrollo y la validación terapéutica de la inmunización activa contra la cocaína. MÉTODO: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica con el uso del PubMed, usando como descriptores las palabras "Cocaine" y "Vaccine". Se obtuvieron 155 artículos, de los cuales se usaron 46 para esta revisión. RESULTADOS: A nivel preclínico, la vacunación activa genera altos niveles de anticuerpos capaces de reconocer con alta especificidad a la cocaína dentro del torrente sanguíneo, atenuando las alteraciones conductuales inducidas por diversas dosis de cocaína. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados preclínicos y clínicos han reforzado "la prueba de concepto" terapéutica de la vacunación activa para el control farmacológico de la recaída al consumo adictivo de la cocaína en el humano, sin embargo, dieron pauta a la postulación y a la justificación de sintetizar nuevos modelos de uso humano de vacunas anticocaína. Esta estrategia farmacológica experimental, de naturaleza "inmunoprotectora", ha demostrado ser un tratamiento eficaz al atenuar significativamente las conductas de búsqueda y consumo adictivo a la cocaína, tanto a nivel pre-clínico, en el modelo del roedor, como en el humano.
INTRODUCTION: The classic pharmacopoeia used to attenuate cocaine dependence has proved a poor therapeutic efficacy. Based on this discouraging clinical and therapeutic panorama, since more than a decade, various researchers have developed new therapeutic strategies against cocaine addiction. These new experimental strategies are based on the structural design and synthesis of therapeutic vaccine formulations against cocaine addiction. OBJECTIVE: To describe the development and therapeutic evaluation of active immunization against cocaine. METHOD: A bibliographical search was made using PubMed, using as descriptors the words "Cocaine" and "Vaccine." 155 articles were obtained which were used for these review 46 items. RESULTS: At preclinical level, active vaccination generates high levels of antibodies capable of recognizing with high specificity the cocaine present in the bloodstream, which attenuates the behavioral changes induced by different doses of cocaine. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Preclinical and clinical results have reinforced "proof of concept" active therapeutic vaccination to pharmacological control to cocaine use relapse in humans, but gave guidelines to the postulation and justification of synthesizing new models of anti-cocaine vaccines for human use. This experimental pharmacological strategy of "immunoprotective" nature has proven an effective treatment that significantly reduces drug-seeking behaviors, both at pre-clinical levels in the rodent model as well as in humans.