Prevalence of malocclusion and dental caries among Aymara children in Colchane, Chile / Prevalencia de maloclusión y caries dental en niños Aymaras de Colchane, Chile

Describe the prevalence of malocclusions, dental caries and the need for orthodontic treatment according to the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) among Aymara schoolchildren, Indian group has lived in the highlands of the Andes Mountains. 76 Aymara schoolchildren between 5 and 15 years old in Colchane, Chile, where a cross-sectional study was conducted. DMFT/dmft index, Dental component (DHC) of IOTN and demographics were determined. Frequencies and mean (SD) were calculated. Bivariate analyses were conducted using Fisher's exact to test the association between sex and stage of dentition (p<0.05). Stata version 14 was used for all analyses. Among the 76 participants, 47.4 % (N=36) were male. Participants were on average 9.96 years old (SD=2.5). Over half presented dental caries (61.8 %, n=47) and 36.8 % (N=28) had missing teeth due to caries. The DMFT index was 2.1 (SD=1.9). The most frequent biotype was brachyfacial 88.2 % (N=67). Malocclusion was observed in 81.6 % (N=62) of participants. Class I, was the most frequent (67 %, N=51) malocclusion in the different stages of dentition. The most prevalent treatment need was grade 4 and 5 "need treatment" of the IOTN, observed in 71 % (N=54) of the sample with significant differences according to the stage of dentition (p<0.05). In this study, a high prevalence of malocclusion and a high percentage of dental caries was observed in Aymara children.

Describir la prevalencia de maloclusiones, caries dental y la necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia según el Índice de Necesidad de Tratamiento de Ortodoncia (IOTN), en escolares Aymaras, grupo indígena que vive en el altiplano de la Cordillera de los Andes. Estudio transversal de 76 escolares Aymaras de 5 a 15 años de Colchane, Chile. Se determinó el índice COPD/ceod, el componente dental (DHC) del IOTN y la demografía. Se calcularon las frecuencias y la media (DE). Se realizaron análisis bivariados utilizando el exacto de Fisher para probar la asociación entre el sexo y la etapa de la dentición (p<0,05). Se utilizó la versión 14 de Stata para todos los análisis. Entre los 76 participantes, 47,4 % (N = 36) eran hombres. Los participantes tenían un promedio de 9,96 años (DE = 2,5). Más de la mitad presentó caries dental (61,8 %, n = 47) y 36,8 % (N = 28) tenían dientes perdidos por caries. El índice DMFT fue 2,1 (DE = 1,9). El biotipo más frecuente fue el braquifacial 88,2 % (N = 67). Se observó maloclusión en el 81,6 % (N = 62) de los participantes. La Clase I fue la maloclusión más frecuente (67 %, N = 51) en las diferentes etapas de la dentición. La necesidad de tratamiento más prevalente fue la definida con los grados 4 y 5 de "necesidad de tratamiento" del IOTN, observada en el 71 % (N = 54) de la muestra con diferencias significativas según la etapa de la dentición (p <0,05). En este estudio, se observó una alta prevalencia de maloclusión y un alto porcentaje de caries dental en niños aymaras.

Periodontal status and treatment needs of children from 6 to 8 years old in the Santiago Metropolitan Region of Chile / Condição periodontal e necessidades de tratamento em crianças de 6 a 8 anos na região metropolitana de Santiago, Chile

PURPOSE: To evaluate the periodontal status and the treatment needs of Chilean school-children METHODS: Prevalence study. Sample: 1,637 schoolchildren from 6 to 8 years old belonging to 26 communes of the Santiago Metropolitan Region of Chile, stratified according to socioeconomic level in accordance with the 2003 CASEN survey (National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey). Periodontal status was estimated using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) and following the recommendations of the WHO (World Health Organization), along with the records of the Clinical Criteria of Gingival Inflammation. Data were analyzed using a chi-square test. RESULTS: Gingivitis prevalence was 68.42 percent, a result that is higher than the national prevalence (P<0.01; 95 percent CI=0.66-0.70). The prevalence increased with age (P<0.01) but was similar in both sexes (P=0.838). Prevalence was relatively constant among three socioeconomic levels (P=0.417). According to the CPITN, gingivitis prevalence was 29.57 percent: 27.49 percent consisting of children with gingival hemorrhage and 2.08 percent consisting of children with gingival calculus. The treatment needs of this population are that 27.49 percent of children require oral-hygiene instruction, and 2.08 percent need oral-hygiene instruction and subgingival and supragingival scaling. CONCLUSION: The gingivitis prevalence found in this study was higher than the national proportion in Chile.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a condição periodontal e as necessidades de tratamento de crianças escolares chilenas. METODOLOGIA: Estudo de prevalência. Amostra: 1637 crianças escolares de 6 a 8 anos de idade pertencentes a 26 comunidades da região metropolitana de Santiago, Chile, que foram estratificadas de acordo com o nível socioeconômico conforme o levantamento 2003 CASEN (National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey). A condição periodontal foi estimada usando o índice Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) e seguindo as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), juntamente com os registros de critérios clínicos de inflamação gengival. Os dados foram analisados por testes qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de gengivite foi de 68,42 por cento, resultado que é maior que a prevalência nacional do Chile (P<0,01; 95 por cento CI=0,66-0,70). A prevalência aumentou com a idade (P<0,01), mas foi similar em ambos os sexos (P=0,838). A prevalência foi relativamente constante entre os três níveis socioeconômicos (P=0,417). Para CPITN, a prevalência de gengivite foi de 29,57 por cento: 27,49 por cento com sangramento gengival e 2,08 por cento s com cálculo gengival. As necessidades de tratamento desta população foram de 27,49 por cento de crianças que necessitavam de instrução de higiene bucal e 2,08 por cento que necessitavam de instrução de higiene bucal e raspagem supra e subgengival. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de gengivite neste estudo foi maior que a proporção nacional no Chile.