Intoxicação por indigofera suffruticosa (Leg. Papilionoideae) em bovinos / Poisoning by indigofera suffruticosa (Leg. Papilionoideae) in cattle

Em uma propriedade do Município de Aparecida, no sertão da Paraíba, foi diagnosticada intoxicação por Indigofera suffruticosa em um rebanho de 25 vacas e um boi que foram colocados em um piquete que continha predominantemente I. suffruticosa onde permaneceram durante 10 dias. No quinto dia de pastejo o proprietário observou urina com coloração vermelho escura em uma vaca e ao final de dez dias de pastejo havia seis vacas doentes apresentando hemoglobinúria e diminuição na produção leiteira. No quinto dia após serem retiradas do pasto uma vaca apresentou agressividade e no sétimo dia foi encontrada morta pela manhã. Na necropsia o fígado apresentava coloração amarelada com pontos avermelhados e aumento do padrão lobular. A bexiga encontrava- se repleta com urina de cor vermelho escura. Os rins estavam escuros e com áreas hemorrágicas, de até 2mm, que se estendiam radialmente para dentro do córtex e parte da medula. Na histologia, os rins apresentavam áreas multifocais de necrose tubular isquêmica aguda com deposição de hemoglobina nas células epiteliais e cilindros de hemoglobina nos túbulos. No fígado havia necrose de coagulação difusa paracentral e ocasionalmente centrolobular. Os demais bovinos afetados se recuperaram espontaneamente 3-8 dias após serem retirados da pastagem. Conclui-se que a intoxicação por I. suffruticosa apesar de apresentar recuperação espontânea na maioria dos bovinos, mesmo se estes continuam ingerindo a planta, pode causar a morte de alguns animais por anemia aguda.

Poisoning by Indigofera suffruticosa was diagnosed on a farm in the state of Paraíba, in the Brazilian semiarid region, in a herd of 25 cows and one bull. The herd was grazing for ten days in a paddock severely invaded by I. suffruticosa. Five days after the introduction into the paddock some cows showed red urine, and in ten days, when the herd was removed from the pastures, six cows had decreased milk production and hemoglobinuria. Five days after being withdrawn from the pastures, one cow showed aggressiveness and two days later was found death. At necropsy, the liver was yellowish with petechial hemorrhages on the surface and had increased lobular pattern. The kidneys were dark and with red spots up to 2mm in diameter in the surface, which extended radially into the renal cortex. The urinary bladder was full of dark red urine. Upon histologic examination the kidneys had multifocal areas of ischemic tubular necrosis with hemoglobin deposition in the epithelial cells and hemoglobin casts in the tubules. The liver had diffuse paracentral and occasionally centrolobular coagulative necrosis. The other affected cows recovered spontaneously within 3-8 days after having been moved from the paddock. It is concluded that poisoning by I. suffruticosa, despite the spontaneous recovering of most cattle, can cause the death of some affected animals by acute hemolytic anemia.

Caracterización farmacognóstica de Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (añil cimarrón). / Pharmacognostic characterization of Indigofera suffructicosa Mill (wild indigo).

Las investigaciones para obtener principios activos son largas y costosas y una preparación de planta bien estandarizada puede ser muy efectiva, por lo que en la actualidad, la utilización de extractos totales ha demostrado en muchos casos un efecto más beneficioso en el organismo humano que la acción del compuesto aislado. Se efectuaron las investigaciones para obtener la droga vegetal de Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. (añil cimarrón) debidamente caracterizada, con vistas a obtenerla con la calidad requerida. Para ello se realizaron descripciones macro y micromorfológica de la especie, el estudio de secado, se determinaron los índices numéricos, según normas internacionales para drogas vegetales. En los resultados, se estableció la presencia mayoritaria de flavonoides, coumarinas y triterpenos, se estandarizó un perfil cromatográfico para compuestos flavonoides. Además, se comprobó que el período óptimo de conservación de la droga vegetal es un tiempo de 10 meses en frascos de polipropileno.

The researches to achieve active principles are long and expensive, and a well standardized plant preparation could be very efficacious. That is why nowadays the use of total extracts has showed, in many instances, a more beneficial effect in human organism than the action of an isolated compound. Researches have been conducted to obtain a properly plant drug from Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (wild indigo) with the required quality. To this end, macro- and micromorphologic descriptions of species were made, a drying study was undertaken, and the numerical indexes were determined, according to the international standards for plant drugs. In the results, it was observed a predominance of flavonoids, coumarins, and tryterpenes, and a chromatographic profile was standardized for flavonoid compounds. It was also confirmed that the optimal period of preservation of the plant drug is 10 months in polypropylene flasks.