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Objective. This study aims to identify predictive factors of COVID-19-related health literacy (HL) among older adults living in rural areas. Method. This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 106 respondents participated in this study. HL was measured by using a questionnaire modified from the HLS-COVID-Q22, in addition, the scales 'Health Information Seeking', 'Family's Social Support Scale', 'Health Service Utilization'; and information on some socio-demographic variables was also obtained. A multiple linear regression model was used to identify the predictors of HL. Results. About two-thirds of the respondents had a moderate level of HL (63.2%). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level, family support, information source, and gender were significant predictors for HL (p<0.01). Conclusion. HL literacy was better among males, highly educated older people, media users, and those with adequate family support. This study provided insight for nurses and healthcare professionals to pay greater attention to vulnerable groups of older people (ie. female gender and those with less formal education) as well as involve family members in education or health promotion activities and use easily accessed media, such as television and radio.
Objetivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los factores predictivos de alfabetización en salud (AS) relacionados con el COVID-19 en los adultos mayores indonesios que viven en zonas rurales. Métodos. Este estudio utilizó un diseño de corte transversal. Un total de 106 encuestados participaron en este estudio. La AS relacionada con el COVID-19 se midió con el cuestionario HLS-COVID-Q22, además se utilizaron las escalas 'Búsqueda de información sanitaria', 'Escala de apoyo social de la familia' y 'Utilización de servicios sanitarios'; también se obtuvo información de algunas variables sociodemográficas. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple para identificar los predictores de la AS. Resultados. Alrededor de dos tercios de los encuestados tenían un nivel moderado de AS (63.2%). El análisis de regresión lineal múltiple mostró que el menor nivel educativo, el apoyo familiar, la fuente de información y el sexo eran predictores significativos de la AS (p<0.01). Conclusión. La AS fue mejor entre los varones, las personas mayores con alto nivel educativo, los usuarios de los medios de comunicación y aquellos con un apoyo familiar adecuado. Este estudio sugirió que las enfermeras y los profesionales de la salud deben prestar más atención a los grupos vulnerables de personas mayores (especialmente las mujeres y las personas con poca educación formal). También mostró la importancia de involucrar a los familiares en las actividades de educación y promoción de la salud, y de usar medios de comunicación accesibles, como la televisión y la radio.
Objetivo. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar preditores de alfabetização em saúde (AS) relacionados ao COVID-19 em idosos indonésios que vivem em áreas rurais. Métodos. Este estudo utilizou um desenho transversal. Um total de 106 entrevistados participaram deste estudo. A AS relacionada à COVID-19 foi medida com o questionário HLS-COVID-Q22, além das escalas 'Pesquisa de informações em saúde', 'Escala de apoio social familiar' e 'Uso de serviços de saúde'; também foram obtidas informações sobre algumas variáveis sociodemográficas. Um modelo de regressão linear múltipla foi usado para identificar os preditores de HL. Resultados. Cerca de dois terços dos entrevistados apresentaram nível moderado de LH (63.2%). A análise de regressão linear múltipla mostrou que menor escolaridade, apoio familiar, fonte de informação e gênero foram preditores significativos de HL (p<0.01). Conclusão. A alfabetização em LH foi melhor entre os homens, idosos altamente educados, usuários de mídia e aqueles com suporte familiar adequado. Este estudo forneceu ideias para enfermeiros e profissionais de saúde prestarem mais atenção a grupos vulneráveis de idosos (ou seja, mulheres e pessoas com menos educação formal), bem como envolver os familiares em atividades de educação ou promoção de saúde e usar mídias de fácil acesso, como televisão e rádio.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idoso , Zona Rural , Letramento em Saúde , COVID-19 , Apoio FamiliarRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives: to investigate the reasons for low patient safety incident reporting among Indonesian nurses. Methods: this qualitative case study was conducted among 15 clinical nurses selected purposively from a public hospital in Lampung, Indonesia. Interview guidelines were used for data collection through face-to-face in-depth interviews in July 2022. The thematic approach was used to analyze the data. Results: in this present study, seven themes emerged (1) Understanding incident reporting; (2) The culture; (3) Consequences of reporting; (4) Socialization and training; (5) Facilities; (6) Feedback; and (7) Rewards and punishments. Final Considerations: these findings should be considered challenges for the patient safety committee and hospital management to increase patient safety incident reporting, particularly among nurses in the hospital.
RESUMO Objetivos: investigar os motivos da baixa notificação de incidentes de segurança do paciente entre enfermeiros indonésios. Métodos: este estudo de caso qualitativo foi conduzido entre 15 enfermeiros clínicos selecionados intencionalmente de um hospital público em Lampung, Indonésia. Utilizou-se roteiro de entrevista para a coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas presenciais em profundidade em julho de 2022. A abordagem temática foi utilizada para análise dos dados. Resultados: neste estudo, emergiram sete temas: (1) Compreender a comunicação de incidentes; (2) A cultura; (3) Consequências da notificação; (4) Socialização e treinamento; (5) Instalações; (6) Comentários; e (7) Recompensas e punições. Considerações Finais: esses achados devem ser considerados desafios para o comitê de segurança do paciente e a gestão hospitalar para aumentar a notificação de incidentes de segurança do paciente, principalmente entre os enfermeiros do hospital.
RESUMEN Objetivos: investigar las razones de la baja notificación de incidentes de seguridad del paciente entre las enfermeras de Indonesia. Métodos: este estudio de caso cualitativo se llevó a cabo entre 15 enfermeras clínicas seleccionadas intencionalmente de un hospital público en Lampung, Indonesia. Se utilizó un guión de entrevista para la recolección de datos a través de entrevistas presenciales en profundidad en julio de 2022. Se utilizó el enfoque temático para el análisis de datos. Resultados: en este estudio surgieron siete temas: (1) Comprender la notificación de incidentes; (2) La cultura; (3) Consecuencias de la notificación; (4) Socialización y capacitación; (5) Instalaciones; (6) Comentarios; y (7) Recompensas y Castigos. Consideraciones Finales: estos hallazgos deben ser considerados desafíos para el comité de seguridad del paciente y la gerencia del hospital para aumentar la notificación de incidentes de seguridad del paciente, especialmente entre las enfermeras del hospital.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Explore in depth the experiences of women giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Methods: Qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological. A total of 16 participants did not suffer from COVID-19 and gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in the community setting area. Results: There are five themes: 1: Feelings of anxiety and fear of giving birth in hospitals are experienced by women giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2. Screening for COVID and health protocols applied in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, 3. Support from husbands, families, and health workers is needed when giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic, 4. Lack of family visits hours is an obstacle during childbirth, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 5: Bonding attachment between mother and baby while at the hospital. Conclusion: Optimal maternity nursing care and supporting health facilities and public policies will help mothers give birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.
RESUMO Objetivo: Explorar em profundidade as experiências de mulheres que deram à luz durante a pandemia de COVID-19 na Indonésia. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem fenomenológica descritiva. Um total de 16 participantes que não sofriam de COVID-19 deram à luz durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no ambiente comunitário. Resultados: Há cinco temas: 1: Sentimentos de ansiedade e medo de dar à luz em hospitais são vivenciados por mulheres que dão à luz durante a pandemia de COVID-19, 2. Triagem para COVID e protocolos de saúde aplicados em hospitais durante a pandemia de COVID-19, 3. O apoio de maridos, famílias e profissionais de saúde é necessário durante o parto na pandemia de COVID-19, 4. A falta de horário para visitas familiares é um obstáculo durante o parto, principalmente durante a pandemia de COVID-19, e 5: Vínculo entre mãe e bebê no hospital. Conclusão: Os cuidados ideais de enfermagem na maternidade e o apoio das unidades de saúde e políticas públicas ajudarão as mães a dar à luz durante a pandemia de COVID-19 na Indonésia.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Explorar en profundidad las experiencias de las mujeres que dieron a luz durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Indonesia. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico descriptivo. Un total de 16 participantes que no sufrieron de COVID-19 dieron a luz durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en el entorno comunitario. Resultados: Hay cinco temas: 1: Los sentimientos de ansiedad y miedo de dar a luz en los hospitales son experimentados por las mujeres que dan a luz durante la pandemia de COVID-19, 2. Detección de COVID y protocolos de salud aplicados en los hospitales durante la pandemia de COVID-19, 3. Se necesita el apoyo de esposos, familias y trabajadores de la salud cuando se da a luz durante la pandemia de COVID-19, 4. La falta de horarios de visitas familiares es un obstáculo durante el parto, particularmente durante la pandemia de COVID-19, y 5: Vínculo entre madre y bebé mientras están en el hospital. Conclusión: la atención de enfermería de maternidad óptima y el apoyo de los centros de salud y las políticas públicas ayudarán a las madres a dar a luz durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Indonesia.
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Although propolis has been reported for having anti-inflammatory activities, its effects on complement system has not been much studied. This research was conducted to find out the effects of Indonesian propolis on the expression levels of C3, C1r/s, Bf, MBL, and C6 in zebrafish larvae which were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Counting of macrophages migrating to yolk sac and liver histology were carried out. Larvae were divided into four groups: CON (cultured in E3 medium only), LPS (cultured in a medium containing 0.5 μg/L LPS), LPSIBU (cultured in a medium containing LPS, and then treated with 100 μg/L ibuprofen for 24 hours), and LPSPRO (cultured in a medium containing LPS, and then immersed in 14,000 μg/L propolis for 24 hours) groups. The results showed that complement gene expression in larvae from the LPSIBU and LPSPRO groups were generally lower than in larvae from the LPS group. The number of macrophage migrations to the yolk in the LPSPRO group was also lower than in the LPS group. Histological structure of liver in all groups were considered normal. This study shows that Indonesian propolis has the potential to be used as an alternative to the substitution of NSAIDs.
Embora a própolis tenha sido relatada por ter atividade anti-inflamatória, seus efeitos no sistema complemento, uma parte do sistema imunológico inato, não foram muito estudados. Esta pesquisa foi conduzida para descobrir os efeitos da própolis da Indonésia nos níveis de expressão de C3, C1r/s, Bf, MBL e C6 em larvas de peixe-zebra induzidas por lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). Foram realizadas contagens de macrófagos que migram para o saco vitelino e histologia do fígado. As larvas foram divididas em quatro grupos: CON (cultivadas apenas em meio E3), LPS (cultivadas em meio contendo 0,5 μg/L de LPS), LPSIBU (cultivadas em meio contendo LPS e, em seguida, tratadas com 100 μg/L de ibuprofeno por 24 horas) e LPSPRO (cultivado em meio contendo LPS, e então imerso em própolis 14,000 μg/L por 24 horas). Os resultados mostraram que a expressão do gene do complemento em larvas dos grupos LPSIBU e LPSPRO foi geralmente menor que em larvas do grupo LPS. O número de migrações de macrófagos para a gema no grupo LPSPRO também foi menor que no grupo LPS. A estrutura histológica do fígado em todos os grupos foi considerada normal. Este estudo mostra que a própolis indonésia tem potencial para ser utilizada como alternativa na substituição dos AINEs (anti-inflamatórios não esteroides).
Assuntos
Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Peixe-Zebra/genética , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Própole/análise , Saco Vitelino/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Abstract Although propolis has been reported for having anti-inflammatory activities, its effects on complement system has not been much studied. This research was conducted to find out the effects of Indonesian propolis on the expression levels of C3, C1r/s, Bf, MBL, and C6 in zebrafish larvae which were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Counting of macrophages migrating to yolk sac and liver histology were carried out. Larvae were divided into four groups: CON (cultured in E3 medium only), LPS (cultured in a medium containing 0.5 μg/L LPS), LPSIBU (cultured in a medium containing LPS, and then treated with 100 μg/L ibuprofen for 24 hours), and LPSPRO (cultured in a medium containing LPS, and then immersed in 14,000 μg/L propolis for 24 hours) groups. The results showed that complement gene expression in larvae from the LPSIBU and LPSPRO groups were generally lower than in larvae from the LPS group. The number of macrophage migrations to the yolk in the LPSPRO group was also lower than in the LPS group. Histological structure of liver in all groups were considered normal. This study shows that Indonesian propolis has the potential to be used as an alternative to the substitution of NSAIDs.
Resumo Embora a própolis tenha sido relatada por ter atividade anti-inflamatória, seus efeitos no sistema complemento, uma parte do sistema imunológico inato, não foram muito estudados. Esta pesquisa foi conduzida para descobrir os efeitos da própolis da Indonésia nos níveis de expressão de C3, C1r/s, Bf, MBL e C6 em larvas de peixe-zebra induzidas por lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). Foram realizadas contagens de macrófagos que migram para o saco vitelino e histologia do fígado. As larvas foram divididas em quatro grupos: CON (cultivadas apenas em meio E3), LPS (cultivadas em meio contendo 0,5 μg/L de LPS), LPSIBU (cultivadas em meio contendo LPS e, em seguida, tratadas com 100 μg/L de ibuprofeno por 24 horas) e LPSPRO (cultivado em meio contendo LPS, e então imerso em própolis 14,000 μg/L por 24 horas). Os resultados mostraram que a expressão do gene do complemento em larvas dos grupos LPSIBU e LPSPRO foi geralmente menor que em larvas do grupo LPS. O número de migrações de macrófagos para a gema no grupo LPSPRO também foi menor que no grupo LPS. A estrutura histológica do fígado em todos os grupos foi considerada normal. Este estudo mostra que a própolis indonésia tem potencial para ser utilizada como alternativa na substituição dos AINEs (anti-inflamatórios não esteroides).
Assuntos
Animais , Própole/farmacologia , Peixe-Zebra/genética , Regulação para Baixo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Indonésia , Larva/genéticaRESUMO
Abstract Although propolis has been reported for having anti-inflammatory activities, its effects on complement system has not been much studied. This research was conducted to find out the effects of Indonesian propolis on the expression levels of C3, C1r/s, Bf, MBL, and C6 in zebrafish larvae which were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Counting of macrophages migrating to yolk sac and liver histology were carried out. Larvae were divided into four groups: CON (cultured in E3 medium only), LPS (cultured in a medium containing 0.5 g/L LPS), LPSIBU (cultured in a medium containing LPS, and then treated with 100 g/L ibuprofen for 24 hours), and LPSPRO (cultured in a medium containing LPS, and then immersed in 14,000 g/L propolis for 24 hours) groups. The results showed that complement gene expression in larvae from the LPSIBU and LPSPRO groups were generally lower than in larvae from the LPS group. The number of macrophage migrations to the yolk in the LPSPRO group was also lower than in the LPS group. Histological structure of liver in all groups were considered normal. This study shows that Indonesian propolis has the potential to be used as an alternative to the substitution of NSAIDs.
Resumo Embora a própolis tenha sido relatada por ter atividade anti-inflamatória, seus efeitos no sistema complemento, uma parte do sistema imunológico inato, não foram muito estudados. Esta pesquisa foi conduzida para descobrir os efeitos da própolis da Indonésia nos níveis de expressão de C3, C1r/s, Bf, MBL e C6 em larvas de peixe-zebra induzidas por lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). Foram realizadas contagens de macrófagos que migram para o saco vitelino e histologia do fígado. As larvas foram divididas em quatro grupos: CON (cultivadas apenas em meio E3), LPS (cultivadas em meio contendo 0,5 g/L de LPS), LPSIBU (cultivadas em meio contendo LPS e, em seguida, tratadas com 100 g/L de ibuprofeno por 24 horas) e LPSPRO (cultivado em meio contendo LPS, e então imerso em própolis 14,000 g/L por 24 horas). Os resultados mostraram que a expressão do gene do complemento em larvas dos grupos LPSIBU e LPSPRO foi geralmente menor que em larvas do grupo LPS. O número de migrações de macrófagos para a gema no grupo LPSPRO também foi menor que no grupo LPS. A estrutura histológica do fígado em todos os grupos foi considerada normal. Este estudo mostra que a própolis indonésia tem potencial para ser utilizada como alternativa na substituição dos AINEs (anti-inflamatórios não esteroides).
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@#Introduction: This study aims to provide the current situation of leprosy prevalence and clinical findings in one of the endemic regions of North Gresik City that has already achieved elimination status. Leprosy remains a public health problem in some developing countries, including Indonesia. Indonesia, with two other big countries, India and Brazil, contributed 74% of all the new leprosy cases detected. Even though Indonesia achieved the elimination target from WHO in 2018, the endemic pockets are still scattered, and new cases remain detected each year. Methods: This study is a one-decade retrospective analysis descriptive record based on newly diagnosed cases of leprosy from 2010 until 2020. We use total data sampling of all newly diagnosed leprosy cases and analyze using SPSS. Result: This study found that newly diagnosed cases of leprosy are still discovered each year. 15.7% of newly diagnosed cases were children. MB type was dominated type in this study. MB types are statistically significant in male subjects (35.5%) diagnosed more than one year after the symptoms appear. 40.7% were found with deformity when first diagnosed. Conclusion: This study reports a high rate of contracting leprosy disease in children, with 15.7% of cases. It indicates that disease transmission remains high in the community and might be out of control. The new cases diagnosed dominated with MB type, and 40.7% had deformity when first diagnosed. There was a delayed diagnosis reported that could be caused by ineffective surveillance for early diagnosing new cases.
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Introduction: Mantis shrimps are ecologically and economically important organisms in marine ecosystems. However, there is still a lack of information about their habitat, in particular, their burrows. Objective: To analyze how dense and sparse mantis shrimp burrows differ in abundance, size, sediment grain size, and water quality. Methods: We counted burrows in 10 x 10 m2 random plots in sparse and dense seagrass (ten plots per density), around Barrang Lompo Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sampling took place at spring low tide from August to September 2017. Results: Two mantis shrimp species were observed: Lysiosquillina maculate and L. sulcata. Dense and sparse seagrass burrows did not differ in wall grain size or water parameters, both inside and outside of the burrows (P > 0.05). Similarly, there was no correlation between burrow depth and diameter in either dense (P > 0.05; r= 0.27) or sparse (P > 0.05; r= 0.33) seagrass. However, larger burrows tend to occur in denser beds, but there were more burrows in denser seagrass (t-test, P < 0.05). Conclusions: There seems to be a preference for dense seagrass beds, especially by larger mantis shrimps. The correlation between shrimp burrow abundance and seagrass density highlights the importance of conserving the quality as well as the extent of seagrass habitat.
Introducción: Los camarones mantis son organismos ecológica y económicamente importantes en los ecosistemas marinos. Sin embargo, aún falta información sobre su hábitat, en particular sobre sus madrigueras. Objetivo: Analizar cómo difieren las madrigueras de los camarones mantis en su abundancia, tamaño, tamaño de grano de los sedimentos y calidad del agua. Métodos: Contamos las madrigueras en parcelas de 10 x 10 m2 al azar (diez parcelas por densidad) en pastos marinos densos y poco densos, alrededor de la isla de Barrang Lompo, Sulawesi del Sur, Indonesia. Resultados: Se observaron dos especies de camarones mantis: Lysiosquillina maculata y L. sulcata. El tamaño de grano de las paredes de las madrigueras y los parámetros de agua, tanto dentro y fuera de la madriguera no variaron (P > 0.05). Tampoco hubo correlación entre la profundidad y el diámetro de las madrigueras, tanto en praderas densas (P > 0.05; r= 0.27), como no densas (P > 0.05; r= 0.33). Sin embargo, las madrigueras más grandes tienden a aparecer en las praderas densas, además había más madrigueras en pastos densos (t-test, P < 0.05). Conclusiones: Parece haber una preferencia por las praderas marinas densas, especialmente en los camarones mantis de mayor tamaño. La correlación entre la abundancia de madrigueras de camarones y la densidad de pastos marinos pone de manifiesto la importancia de conservar la calidad del hábitat de los pastos, así como su extensión.
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Animais , Ambiente Marinho , Penaeidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , IndonésiaRESUMO
Background & objectives: Although the World Health Organization recommends same day or rapid (< seven days) antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, delays in ART initiation remain common due to waiting for laboratory test results. This study employed a simplified clinical algorithm the HATI [HIV Awal (Early) Test & Treat Indonesia]-SAI (Simple ART Initiation) aimed to increase the proportion of ART uptake and decrease the time to ART initiation that can be used in various care settings. Methods: This study compared the percentage of ART uptake and retention, viral load (VL) suppression and time to ART initiation between the observation and intervention phases among newly diagnosed HIV patients from key populations. As part of the intervention, the newly diagnosed patients underwent screening using a simple form [consisting of data on age, height and weight (for body mass index calculation), questions on the presence of symptoms of HIV stages 1 and 2, tuberculosis, history of diabetes, hypertension and kidney disease], to determine eligibility for immediate ART initiation. Those who met the pre-defined criteria immediately received a combination of tenofovir lamivudine and efavirenz for two weeks. The baseline laboratory examination due to this was moved up to two weeks post ART. Factors significantly associated with ART uptake were also determined and their odds ratios were measured using logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 2173 people newly diagnosed with HIV were recruited, with 1579 and 594 in the observation and intervention phases, respectively. In both phases, the majority were men who have sex with men, who were young (<30 yr old) and employed, with high levels of education. The intervention phase significantly increased the proportion of ART initiation [91%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 89-93% vs. 78%, 95% CI: 76-80%] but did not have any impact on the proportion of six months retention and VL suppression. The intervention also significantly decreased the time to ART initiation from median ± interquartile range: 9±20 days to 2±10 days. Interpretation & conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the HATI-SAI intervention increased the uptake and decreased the time for immediate ART initiation. The HATI-SAI provides a simple and safe clinical approach that can readily be adopted in different settings without a costly investment in technology.
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A quarter of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), 10% of cases develop active tuberculosis (TB), and 90% have a latent TB infection. Family members of TB patients have the highest potential for latent TB infection. This study aims to identify latent TB infection and risk factors in family members within the household contacts of active TB patients. This study used a crosssectional study design with a contact tracing method. The selected subjects were 138 people from 241 total family members of 112 active TB patients. Subjects underwent a tuberculin skin test (TST), using 2 units of tuberculin (TU) purified protein derivative (PPD) 0.1 mL (PT. Bio Farma Persero, Bandung, Indonesia). Data risk factors were collected during home visits. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. A total of 63.8% (88/138) of family members of active TB patients' household contacts had latent TB infection. The type of occupation of laborers/ farmers/fishers is the most dominant risk factor associated with latent TB infection (AOR: 7.04; 95% CI: 1.7029.02), followed by unqualified bedroom density (<8 m2/2 people) (AOR: 5.33; 95% CI: 2.44 12.71) and contact duration ≥5 hours/day (AOR: 4.70; 95% CI:1.3316.66). Latent TB infection in family members of active TB patients' household contacts was quite high. Occupation type, contact duration, and bedroom density were simultaneously confirmed as the main risk factors related to latent TB infection. Therefore, it is recommended to identify and prevent latent TB infection in family members in household contact with active TB patients.
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Humanos , Características da Família , Tuberculose Latente , Testes Cutâneos , Teste Tuberculínico , Inibição de Contato , InfecçõesRESUMO
Vitamin D deficiency is common among women during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and their shared modifiable environmental factors among pregnant women in Indonesia and Malaysia. METHODS: Blood samples of 844 third-trimester pregnant women (Indonesians: 311; Malaysians: 533) were collected to determine their serum 25(OH) D levels. Information on sun exposure and sun protection behaviours were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Dietary vitamin D intake was assessed by using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) among Indonesian and Malaysian pregnant women were 42.4% and 72.0%, respectively. Percentage of exposed body surface area was inversely associated with vitamin D deficiency among Indonesian pregnant women (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.09-0.48). Among Malaysian pregnant women, higher intakes of dietary vitamin D were associated with lower risk of vitamin D deficiency (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29-0.81). Analysis of the combined cohorts revealed a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women who had a daily intake of at least 15 mcg vitamin D (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.38-0.88) and exposure of more than 27% body surface area to the sunlight (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.16-0.60). CONCLUSION: Despite abundant sunshine, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant women in tropical countries. The present study suggests that nutrition education on vitamin D intake and sun exposure during pregnancy is necessary for primary prevention of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women living in the tropical countries
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Deficiência de Vitamina D , Superfície Corporal , Prevalência , Gestantes , Nutrição da Gestante , MalásiaRESUMO
@#Introduction: Indonesia has a serious burden of cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease (CHD). The prevalence of CHD has not in fact increased; however, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of CHD risk factors. Several of these occurring together could cause metabolic syndrome, whose prevalence is relatively high in Indonesia, and consequently increase the risk of CHD. This study aims to obtain the risk of CHD in patients with metabolic syndrome in Indonesia. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with a median followed up of 6.8 years, secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) waves 4 and 5 (2007-2014), and a study population of 6,571 respondents aged 40-69 years. The Joint Interim Statement criteria were used to define metabolic syndrome, with the omission of one component. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 20%; the highest component was low HDL at 69.1%, followed by hypertension at 59.7%, and central obesity at 39.7%. The incidence of CHD was 2.72%, with an incidence rate 34per 100,000 person-years. Multivariate analysis found that the relative risk (RR) hazard ratio (HR) was 2.16 (95% CI 1.564-2.985). Conclusion: Subjects with metabolic syndrome had a two times higher risk of developing CHD, as adjusted by sex, age, smoking status, and physical activity.
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@#In 2015, Indonesia was ranked as the second-highest, with a percentage of 12.9%. Open Defecation Free (ODF) in Indonesia is still a problem, 33 out of 34 provinces in Indonesia are still not 100% verified as ODF. The purpose of this study is to make a management control of OD behaviour in Indonesia. This study’s literature was collected using Google Scholar and Pubmed search engines by entering keywords open defecation Indonesia, and buang air besar sembarangan. From review of published literature, it is found that several factors cause people to practice OD, namely environmental, socio-cultural, and economic factors. These factors become the basis for making OD model control with a logic model. The program was made with a button-up approach carried out through several activities, namely approaches to community leaders, youth, and local communities, monitoring potential areas for OD practice and cross-sector coordination, and making regional regulations.
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Aims@#This study was aimed to identify the risk factors for the acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae on non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) patients in a tertiary care hospital in Indonesia.@*Methodology and results@#A case-control study was performed between March 31, 2018, and August 31, 2019. Twenty-eight ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates and 28 susceptible strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae obtained from NV-HAP patients were included in this study. Phenotypic screening for ESBL production was performed by the Vitek2 system and subsequently confirmed by double-disk synergy tests. The use of 3rd generation cephalosporin as initial antibiotic therapy for more than three days was the significant risk factor for the acquisition of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae among NV-HAP patients (odds ratio [OR] 41.827; p=0.001). The length of stay of patients with NV-HAP acquiring the ESBL strains was longer than 10 days (OR 17.334; p=0.001).@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The use of 3rd generation cephalosporin as the initial antibiotic for NV-HAP should be restricted to prevent the emergence of ESBL-producing strains. Infection prevention measures are required to control the acquisition of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in NV-HAP patients.
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beta-Lactamases , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Infecção Hospitalar , Pneumonia Associada a Assistência à Saúde , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
@#Background: Postpartum blues in Indonesia has a high prevalence at 37% to 67%. Postpartum blues syndrome has been described as varying changes in the affective domain, such as feelings, behavior, or thoughts, that can be influenced by the roles and tasks of women, along with their social, cultural, and economic support. Instruments that measure maternal blues through bonding attachment behavior have never before been developed in Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to develop a maternal blues scale through bonding attachments to predict postpartum blues. Method: The research design consisted of three stages: 1) phenomenology design and focus group discussion; 2) development and construction of the maternal blues scale, and 3) a cross-sectional study to measure validation of the scales. Respondents were postpartum mothers in the first week after birth. The sample comprised 501 participants. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling at the Public Health Center (PUSKESMAS) in the South Jakarta area. Data analysis used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), correlation, and a diagnostic testing . Results: Item analysis produced 32 items consisting of 24 items regarding the mother’s role and duties as internal factors and eight factors involving social, cultural, and economic support as external factors. Both factors were valid and reliable in predicting postpartum blues with indicators (t loading factors ≥ 1.96, standardized loading factor (SLF) ≥.50, internal factors: construct reliability (CR) ≥ .70 and extraction variants (VE) ≥ .50 and external factors: CR ≥ .74 to .83 VE ≥ .50 to .63). The relationship with Kennerley’s maternity blues as a gold standard was significant. Internal factors had a score of 53, with a sensitivity of 60.2%. The external factors score was 19, with a sensitivity of 77.3%. Conclusion: The new scale for postpartum blues prediction developed displayed internal consistency and validity of each indicator (internal and external factors) that was good (CR ≥ .70; VE ≥ .50). This scale provides a feasible tool to predict postpartum blues.
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@#Introduction: Indonesia has initiated the weekly iron-folic acid supplementation programme (WIFS) among adolescent school girls since 2016. However, its acceptability needs to be investigated. This study aimed to assess the acceptability of WIFS and its influencing factors. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted in six schools in Yogyakarta from January-April 2018. Totally, 211 participants aged 12-18 years were involved in the cross-sectional survey, followed by four focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Body mass index-for-age, haemoglobin, serum ferritin, habitual intake, and acceptability (defined as selfreported iron folic acid tablet consumption) were assessed. Results: This study reported that 22.3% and 12.4% of the participants were categorised as iron deficient and anaemic, respectively. Almost 90% of participants had received the tablet, but only 62.0% of them reported consuming it. Logistic regression test indicated that the participants were more likely to take the tablet if it tasted good [OR (95%CI): 4.66 (1.90-11.43)]. Meanwhile, motivation for tablet consumption declined when respondents perceived the odour of tablet was unpleasant, reported forgetfulness, lacked peer support, and experienced side effects, with OR (95%CI) of 0.23 (0.07- 0.77), 0.35 (0.13-0.95), 0.30 (0.08-0.58), and 0.04 (0.04-0.39), respectively. The results from FGD and IDIs strengthened the findings that the experience of nausea, organoleptic properties of iron-folic acid tablet, forgetfulness, and mother’s support play important roles in students’ acceptability. Conclusion: This study found moderate acceptability towards the WIFS programme. The inhibiting and reinforcing factors of WIFS acceptability in this study could be considered as inputs for programme improvements in the future.
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Context:This research is performed in Banjarnegara, anendemic malaria area in Indonesia. Considering the incidence of malaria in Indonesia in the last ten years, it is essential to assess the potential risk factors to maintain the cases and to accelerate malaria elimination.Aims:This study examined the potential risk factors from the human socio-economic aspect and human behavior for malaria cases.Settings and Design:This is a match case-control study conducted in 34 cases and 34 controls in Banjarmangu Subdistrict, Banjarnegara, Indonesia. The subjects for the two groups were based on the routine report of Banjarmangu I public health center from July 2017–March 2018. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select the subject. Statistical Analysis:Logistic regression was used to seek the association among the variables. Results:This research found that installing wire netting, not sleeping under a bed net, and consuming higher transportation costs were significant protective factors for malaria cases. Having lower family income was significant as a potential risk factor for malaria cases (OR=10.68, CI = 1.01-112.59).Conclusions:This study may explain that economic income was the essential aspect of malaria prevention as it contributed to the other health issues, such as health-seeking behavior
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with diabetes and hypertension,participating in the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) in Purwokerto Regency, Indonesia, using thefive-level version of the EuroQol five-dimension instrument (EQ-5D-5L). A cross-sectional study was conductedon 267 diabetic and 349 hypertensive patients in six community health centers, using the Indonesian version of theEQ-5D-5L. The EQ-5D-5L utility index was calculated using the Indonesian value set as well as the percentagesof the problem in each dimension. The statistical analyses were performed to identify the differences in the EQ-5Dutility index between diabetes and hypertension and in the study characteristics. The mean EQ-5D-5L score amongdiabetic patients was 0.879 ± 0.115, whereas for hypertensive patients, it was 0.879 ± 0.116. Separately, the EQ visualanalog scale (EQ-VAS) for diabetes and hypertension was 80.030 ± 12.893 and 79.180 ± 14.223, respectively. Themost frequently reported problems were pain/discomfort (67.42% in diabetes and 62.75% in hypertension) followedby anxiety/depression (36.33% in diabetes and 41.11% in hypertension). There was no significant difference betweenthe utility index values (p = 0.056) nor EQ-VAS scores (p = 0.573) of diabetic and hypertensive patients. The workstatus had a significant effect on the HRQOL of diabetic patients (p = 0.016). This study suggests that healthcareprofessionals should pay more attention to pain and depression management to improve the lives of patients withchronic disease
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@#Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). Prevalence of TB among DM patients ranged from 1.7 % to 36 %. Limited information has been reported regarding TB among DM patients in Indonesia. This case-control study aimed to investigate prevalence and related factors of pulmonary TB among DM patients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital. Cases of pulmonary TB were defined by a positive acid-fast bacilli smear or molecular rapid test and thorax x-ray. Data were presented as frequency and percentage comparing the case and control group. Chi-square continued by Binary logistic regression analyses were done to determine the relationship between the parameters and TB status performed by the SPSS 16. Prevalence of 8.02% or 72 patients were diagnosed as having pulmonary TB from 898 registered patients with DM. Of the 72 TB patients, 30 completed the data as case group, and 45 DM patients without TB determined as a control group. Comparison between the case and control group study found differences in household contact (63.3 % and 4.4 %, respectively), random plasma glucose (76.7 % and 33.3 %), duration of DM (40 % and 71 %), and treatment compliance (30 % and 68.9 %). The final model in Binary logistic regression involved household contact, random plasma glucose level, and treatment compliance. The prevalence of pulmonary TB among DM patients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital was 8.02%. Risk factors that were associated with this occurrence were: household contact, high random plasma glucose level, and poor treatment compliance.
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@#Introduction: One of the health problems in developing countries, especially in Indonesia, is obesity. Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018 result revealed the prevalence of obesity in Indonesia as much as 21% in the research. It concluded very high when compared to obesity prevalence in Indonesia Basic Health Survey in 2007 and 2013. The aim of this study is to estimating risk factors that contributed to obesity in Indonesia. Methods: The research design in this study was a cross-sectional study by analyzing secondary data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). There were 9803 respondents was selected from 11142 respondents. Binary logistic regression was performed to answer the research objectives. Results: Sex (p-value 0.0001, AOR 1.908, 95% CI 1.672 – 2.014), educational level (p-value 0.034, AOR 1.431, 95% CI 1.026–1.994), age (p-value 0.0001, AOR 0.561, 95% CI 0.309– 0.968), cigarette smoking (p-value 0.002, AOR 1.945, 95% CI 1.278 – 2.958), fruit consumption (p-value 0.002, AOR 1.458, 95% CI 1.153–1.843) and vegetables consumption (p-value 0.023, AOR 0.742, 95% 0.373 – 0.960) were significance variable in the occurrence of obesity in adolescents. Meanwhile, based on sociodemographic adjusted, gender (p-value 0.0001, AOR 1.660, 95% CI 1.366 – 2.019) and age (p-value 0.0001, AOR 1.822, 95% CI 1.500 – 2.213) were significance variable correlate to obesity in adolescents. Conclusion: Adolescent has a risk of obesity caused by their wrong behaviour, especially young females. Indonesian Ministry of Health needs to make health promotion through social media that it can be easily accessed by the adolescent.