Estado proinflamatorio en niños obesos / Proinflammatory state in obese children

INTRODUCCIÓN: La presencia de un estado de inflamación de bajo grado en niños obesos, se debería, entre otros factores, a que el tejido adiposo de los obesos produce moléculas proinflamatorias que contribuyen al desarrollo de aterosclerosis. OBJETIVO: Determinar en una población de niños obesos los niveles séricos de ligando CD-40 soluble (sCD40L), proteína quimioatractante de monocitos 1 (MCP-1), interleuquina 6 (IL-6), Factor de Necrosis tumoral a (TNF-a) y Proteína C Reactiva ultrasensible (PCR-us), comparados con un grupo control y analizar la correlación de estas moléculas con las variables antropométricas y metabólicas. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio transversal de 37 niños obesos de 8 a 12 años y 20 niños con peso normal. A todos los pacientes se les realizó una historia clínica consignando edad, peso, talla, IMC, circunferencia de cintura, estadios de Tanner y antecedentes familiares. Se determinaron los niveles séricos de sCD40L, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-a y PCR-us mediante ELISA, PCR-us por quimioluminiscencia, glucemia, insulina plasmática, perfil lipídico y se calculó el índice HOMA. Los datos se expresaron como la mediana y rango intercuartil y se utilizó el coeficiente de Spearman para investigar las correlaciones entre variables. RESULTADOS: Los niños obesos presentaron valores significativamente mayores de sCD40L, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-a, PCR-us que los niños controles. El índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia de cintura se correlacionaron positivamente con sCD40L y MCP-1. CONCLUSIÓN: Los niveles elevados de las moléculas estudiadas sugieren la presencia de inflamación de bajo grado asociada a obesidad en esta población.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a chronic disease that affects adults as well as children and is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. One of the reasons for the presence of low-grade inflammation in these patients could be that adipose tissue of the obese produces proin flammatory molecules that favor the development of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE: To determine serum levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-Α) and high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), in an obese chil dren population compared to a control group, also to analyze the correlation of these molecules with the anthropometric and metabolic variables. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out on 37 obese children, aged 8 to 12 years, and 20 children with normal weight. Serum levels of sCD40L, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-Α and hsCRP were determined. Data were expressed as the median and interquartil range and Spearman coefficient was used to investigate correlations between variables. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, obese children presented significantly higher values of sCD40L, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-Α, and hsCRP than control group. Body mass index and waist circumference correlated positively with sCD40L and MCP-1. CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of the studied molecules studied suggest the presence of low-grade inflammation associated with obesity in this population.

Inflamacion subclinica en diabetes tipo 1 infanto-juvenil / Subclinical inflammation in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes / Inflamação subclínica em crianças e adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1

En ninos y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 (DT1) puede aparecer precozmente un estado de inflamacion subclinica. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar los niveles plasmaticos de moleculas proinflamatorias en una poblacion infanto-juvenil con DT1, sin evidencias clinicas de complicaciones vasculares y correlacionar estos parametros entre si y con el grado de control glucemico y tiempo de evolucion de la enfermedad. Se estudiaron 42 pacientes con DT1 (21M/21F), de 10 a 13 anos, que se compararon con un grupo control. Se evaluaron: recuento de leucocitos, formas solubles de E-selectina (sE-S) y molecula de adhesion celular vascular 1 (VCAM-1), mieloperoxidasa (MPO), TNF-á, Fibrinogeno (Fg) y uPCR. Los datos se expresaron como mediana y rango intercuartil. Los diabeticos presentaron niveles aumentados de: sE-S [108 (69-150) vs. 68 (52-86) ng/mL, p=0,003], VCAM-1 [785 (732-835) vs 712 (658-758) ng/mL, p=0,04], uPCR [1,00 (0,67-1,70) vs. 0,20 (0,18-0,87) mg/L, p=0,01]. No se observaron diferencias en las moleculas estudiadas segun el grado de control glucemico y tiempo de evolucion de la enfermedad. La uPCR se correlaciono con glucemia en ayunas, HbA1c, sE-S y VCAM1. Los niveles elevados de uPCR, sE-S y VCAM-1 sugieren un estado proinflamatorio asociado a activacion endotelial en ninos con DT1, potenciando el riesgo de enfermedad vascular.

In children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), clinical manifestations of vascular complications are uncommon; however, endothelial disturbance and a pro-inflammatory state can emerge early. The objectives of this work were: I) to determine plasma levels of proinflammatory molecules in a T1D pediatric population with no clinical evidence of vascular complications; II) to correlate these parameters with each other, and with glycemic control degree and disease duration. Forty-two patients with T1D (21 M/21W), aged 10 and 13 years and an evolution time not more than 6 years were compared with a control group. The biochemical parameters evaluated were: WBC, sE-S and VCAM-1, MPO, TNF-á, hsCRP and plasma Fg. Glycemic control was performed by determining fasting glucose and HbA1c. Data were expressed as the median and interquartile range. Increased levels of sE-S [108 (69-150) vs. 68 (52-86) ng/mL, p=0.003], VCAM-1 [785 (732-835) vs. 712 (658-758) ng/mL, p=0.04], hsCRP [1.00 (0.67-1.70) vs. 0.20 (0.18- 0.87) mg/L, p=0.01] were found in diabetic patients compared with the control group. No differences in the studied molecules were observed when diabetic patients were grouped according to glycemic control degree and evolution of the disease. hsCRP correlated with fasting glucose, HbA1c, sE-S and VCAM-1. High hsCRP, sE-S and VCAM-1 levels suggest a proinflammatory state associated with endothelial activation in children and adolescents with T1D, potentiating the risk of vascular disease.

Em crianças e adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1 (DT1), um estado de inflamação subclínica pode aparecer de forma precoce. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os níveis plasmáticos de moléculas pró-inflamatórias em uma população infanto-juvenil com DM1 sem evidências clínicas de complicações vasculares e correlacionar estes parâmetros, entre si com o grau de controle glicêmico e tempo de evolução da doença. Foram estudados 42 pacientes com DM1 (21M/21F), de 10 a 13 anos, que foram comparados com um grupo controle. Foram avaliadas a contagem de leucócitos, formas solúveis de E-selectina (sE-S) e molécula de adesão celular vascular 1 (VCAM-1), mieloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-á, fibrinogênio (Fg) e PCRus. Os dados foram expressos como mediana e intervalo interquartil. Os pacientes diabéticos apresentaram níveis aumentados de SE-S [108 (69-150) vs. 68 (52-86) ng/mL, p=0,003], VCAM-1 [785 (732-835) vs. 712 (658-758) ng/mL, p=0,04], PCRus [1,00 (0,67-1,70) vs. 0,20 (0,18-0,87) mg/L, p=0,01]. Não foram observadas diferenças nas moléculas estudadas segundo o grau de controle glicêmico e tempo de evolução da doença. O PCRus foi correlacionado com glicemia em jejum, HbA1c, sES e VCAM1. Os níveis elevados de PCRus, sE-S e VCAM-1 sugerem um estado pró-inflamatório associado com a ativação do endotélio em crianças com DM1, aumentando o risco de doença vascular.