Preliminary study on excitation, detection and identification of parathyroid glands autofluorescence using fluorescence laparoscopic system / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the excitation and identification of parathyroid autofluorescence in thyroid surgery by a fluorescence laparoscopic system.Methods:The clinical data of 6 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent Laparoscopic thyroid surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022 were collected. The autofluorescence of the parathyroid glands was detected and identified by the OptoMedic fluorescence laparoscopic system during the operation. A rapid frozen sections pathological examination of possible parathyroid tissue with autofluorescence was performed to determine whether it was parathyroid tissue.Results:Parathyroid autofluorescence with different intensities was visualized intraoperatively in all 6 patients, and it was confirmed as parathyroid tissue by rapid frozen pathological section.Conclusions:The parathyroid gland has a unique autofluorescence feature. Using this feature to identify, locate and protect the parathyroid gland during surgery can help reduce the complications of parathyroid injury.

Implantes cocleares ópticos: una herramienta promisoria de tratamiento para la hipoacusia / Optical cochlear implants: a promising treatment tool for hearing loss

La hipoacusia afecta a más de 1.500 millones de personas mundialmente. Los principales medios de rehabilitación usados son los audífonos e implantes cocleares (IC). El IC eléctrico convierte el sonido en impulsos eléctricos que estimulan, directamente, a las neuronas del ganglio espiral para proveer sensación auditiva. Tiene como desventaja una amplia dispersión espacial de la corriente, limitando la resolución espectral y el rango dinámico de codificación sonoro, lo que conduce a una mala comprensión del habla en entornos ruidosos y mala apreciación de la música. En los últimos años se ha estudiado utilizar estimulación óptica en vez de eléctrica, pues emite estímulos con mayor selectividad espacial. Se han descrito IC ópticos usando luz infrarroja y otros con métodos de optogenética, estos últimos requieren de la expresión de proteínas fotosensibles inducidas por virus adenoasociados. Se ha visto que la selectividad espectral de la estimulación optogenética es indistinguible de la acústica, y permitió tasas de disparo casi fisiológicas con buena precisión temporal hasta 250 Hz de estimulación. Estudios que compararon un sistema de IC óptico con uno eléctrico concluyen que el uso de optogenética permitiría una restauración de la audición con una selectividad espectral mejorada en comparación con un IC eléctrico.

Hearing loss affects more than 1.5 billion people worldwide. The main means of rehabilitation used are hearing aids and cochlear implants (CI). The electrical CI converts sound into electrical impulses that directly stimulate neurons in the spiral ganglion to provide auditory sensation; it has the disadvantage of a wide spatial dispersion of the current, limiting the spectral resolution and the dynamic range of sound coding, which leads to a poor understanding of speech in noisy environments and a poor appreciation of music. In recent years, the use of optical stimulation instead of electrical stimulation have been studied since it emits stimuli with greater spatial selectivity. Optical CIs have been described using infrared light and others using optogenetic methods, the latter requiring the expression of photosensitive proteins induced by adeno-associated viruses. The spectral selectivity of optogenetic stimulation has been found to be indistinguishable from acoustic stimulation and allowed near-physiological firing rates with good temporal accuracy up to 250 Hz stimulation. Studies comparing an optical and an electrical CI system conclude that the use of optogenetics would allow hearing restoration with improved spectral selectivity compared to an electrical CI.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Different Diagnostic Methods in Occlusal Caries Detection of Permanent Teeth Among Paediatric Patients

ABSTRACT@#Dental caries is a commonly progressive disease that proceeds through various degrees of severity that a dentist can detect. The aims of the in vivo study were to assess the accuracy of the individual model (near-infrared light transillumination [NILT] device, visual and radiographic examinations) in detecting occlusal caries, and to evaluate the performance of visual and NILT device combination for occlusal caries detection in deciding the treatment options. Fifty-two non-cavitated occlusal surfaces from 16 patients were assessed with three different diagnostic devices in random order. Identified lesions were prepared and validated. Logistic regression analysis was performed for each method. The sensitivity and specificity values for each method and the combined models were statistically measured using RStudio version 0.97.551. At the enamel level, visual detection was the most sensitive method (0.88), while NILT was the most specific (0.93). NILT scored the highest for sensitivity (0.93) at the dentine level and visual detection scored the highest for specificity (0.88). Visual detection + NILT model was significantly better (p = 0.04) compared to visual detection or NILT alone (df = 1). The visual-NILT combination is a superior model in detecting occlusal caries on permanent teeth. The model provided surplus value in caries detection hence improving the treatment decision-making in occlusal surfaces.

Realization of non-invasive blood glucose detector based on nonlinear auto regressive model and dual-wavelength / 生物医学工程学杂志

The use of non-invasive blood glucose detection techniques can help diabetic patients to alleviate the pain of intrusive detection, reduce the cost of detection, and achieve real-time monitoring and effective control of blood glucose. Given the existing limitations of the minimally invasive or invasive blood glucose detection methods, such as low detection accuracy, high cost and complex operation, and the laser source's wavelength and cost, this paper, based on the non-invasive blood glucose detector developed by the research group, designs a non-invasive blood glucose detection method. It is founded on dual-wavelength near-infrared light diffuse reflection by using the 1 550 nm near-infrared light as measuring light to collect blood glucose information and the 1 310 nm near-infrared light as reference light to remove the effects of water molecules in the blood. Fourteen volunteers were recruited for

Light-induced size-switchable nanosystem for doxorubicin delivery / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To engineer a light-induced size-switchable (large to small) nanosystem for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery and characterize its light-induced size change and cytotoxicity. Methods • The poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide nanoparticles loading DOX (PEG-PLA-DOX) were fabricated with the dropwise addition method. Then the nanoparticles were encapsulated into the inner cavity of liposome (LP), and a photosensitizer (verteporfin, VP) was loaded in the bilayers of the LP to engineer the near-infrared light-sensitive core-shell nanoparticles (PEG-PLA-DOX@LP). The morphology of the nanoparticles was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Dynamic light scattering was used to examine the particle size at each stage. The size-switchable property of the nanoparticles and its influence on viability of murine melanoma B16F10 cells under near-infrared light were evaluated. The stability of the nanoparticles was also investigated. Results • PEG-PLA-DOX@LP, the light-sensitive nanoparticles, were successfully developed. The nanoparticles had a particle size of (194.83±5.70) nm and Zeta potential of (-1.43±0.32) mV. The drug loading was 2.82% for DOX, and 1.16% for VP. The small-sized PEG-PLA-DOX [(37.42±8.67) nm] was quickly released from the nanoparticles upon light for enhanced toxicity to B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Conclusion • The particle size of the novel DOX delivery nanosystem rapidly changes from large size to small size upon the irradiation of near-infrared light, and thus the cytotoxic effect on tumor cells can be enhanced.

Optimization of Preparation Technology of Near-infrared Light Response-based Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Nano-liposomes / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a methaod for content determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride nano-liposomes， and to optimize its preparation technology. METHODS： The contents of doxorubicin hydrochloride nano-liposomes was determined by UV spectrophotometry. The membrane dispersion method was used to prepare doxorubicin hydrochloride nano-liposomes. Using particle size， encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading amount as indexes， the weight ratio of phospholipid to drug （mg/mg）， the weight ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol （mg/mg） and ultrasonic time （min） as factors， central composite design-response surface methodology was used to optimize the preparation technology. The photothermal conversion effect of doxorubicin hydrochloride nano-liposomes was investigated by near infrared irradiation. RESULTS： The linear range of doxorubicin hydrochloride were 1.01-16.16 μg/mL（r＝0.999 7）； precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all in line with the requirments of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The optimal preparation technology included that the weight ratio of phospholipid to drug was 13.30 ∶ 1（mg/mg）； the weight ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol was 4.09 ∶ 1 （mg/mg）； the ultrasonic time was 10 min. Under this technology， the particle size and drug-loading amount of doxorubicin hydrochloride nano-liposomes were （200.5±25.1） nm and （11.02±0.20）％， relative errors of which to predicted value （196.3 nm， 10.68％） were 1.82％ and 1.63％. The consistency between measured value and predicted value was good. Doxorubicin hydrochloride nano-liposomes exhibited concentration- dependent and time-dependent photothermal conversion characteristics under near infrared irradiation at 808 nm. CONCLUSIONS： Established method is simple and good accuracy. The optimized preparation technology is simple and feasible.

Light-induced size-switchable nanosystem for doxorubicin delivery / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To engineer a light-induced size-switchable (large to small) nanosystem for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery and characterize its light-induced size change and cytotoxicity. Methods · The poly (ethylene glycol) -polylactide nanoparticles loading DOX (PEG-PLA-DOX) were fabricated with the dropwise addition method. Then the nanoparticles were encapsulated into the inner cavity of liposome (LP), and a photosensitizer (verteporfin, VP) was loaded in the bilayers of the LP to engineer the near-infrared light-sensitive core-shell nanoparticles (PEG-PLA-DOX@LP). The morphology of the nanoparticles was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Dynamic light scattering was used to examine the particle size at each stage. The size-switchable property of the nanoparticles and its influence on viability of murine melanoma B16F10 cells under near-infrared light were evaluated. The stability of the nanoparticles was also investigated. Results · PEG-PLA-DOX@LP, the light-sensitive nanoparticles, were successfully developed. The nanoparticles had a particle size of (194.83±5.70) nm and Zeta potential of (-1.43±0.32) mV. The drug loading was 2.82％ for DOX, and 1.16％ for VP. The small-sized PEG-PLA-DOX [ (37.42±8.67) nm] was quickly released from the nanoparticles upon light for enhanced toxicity to B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Conclusion · The particle size of the novel DOX delivery nanosystem rapidly changes from large size to small size upon the irradiation of near-infrared light, and thus the cytotoxic effect on tumor cells can be enhanced.

Implementación de un sistema de imagenología infrarroja para la detección vascular del antebrazo y mano / Implementation of an infrared imaging system for vascular detection in the forearm and hand

RESUMEN: En el área clínica son procedimientos comunes la venopunción, la colocación de catéteres, inyecciones intravenosas, etc. La visualización de las venas en algunas personas es compleja. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema capaz de realzar la distribución de las venas en el antebrazo de una persona para, en un trabajo futuro, ayudar de forma no invasiva a localizar las venas en los procedimientos de venopunción. Para llevar a cabo el desempeño de esta tarea se utilizó una cámara web, a la cual se le ha extraído el filtro que impide el paso de luz infrarroja y es sustituido por otro que lo permite. Para mejorar la detección de las venas se le agregó a la cámara un arreglo de LEDs emisores de luz infrarroja (830nm). Las imágenes obtenidas fueron procesadas mediante la ecualización del histograma adaptable y clasificadas por dos métodos, el primero basado en el algoritmo Fuzzy C-Means, el segundo basado en un modelo probabilístico de tipo Bayes, técnicas del área de inteligencia artificial, presentadas como alternativa en el procesamiento de imágenes. Para la obtención de las imágenes se consideraron las regiones anteriores y exteriores del antebrazo izquierdo y derecho de cada sujeto generando una base de datos. Este sistema también tiene aplicación en la detección de venas varicosas debido a que se puede dar un seguimiento a la dilatación de las venas.

ABSTRACT: The venipuncture, the catheterization and intravenous (IV) injections are some of the common procedures in the clinical practice. The location of the veins may be complex in some patients. In this paper a system able to enhance the vein distribution in a patient's forearm in order to help, in future works, to locate the veins in a non-invasive way and accomplish the IV procedures, is described. To carry out this work a web cam was used, the filter that blocks out the infrared light has been removed and replaced for one who does not. To increase the vein detection an array of infrared LEDs (830 nm) was attached. The resulting images were processed using the adaptive histogram equalization and then classified by two methods, the first one based on the Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm, and the second based in a Bayesian probabilistic model. For the image acquisition, the anterior-exterior regions of the left and right forearm of each subject were considered to generate a data base. This system also has relevance in the detection of varicose veins since is able to monitor the vein dilatation.

Targeted and effective photodynamic therapy for cancer using functionalized nanomaterials

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging, non-invasive therapeutic strategy that involves photosensitizer (PS) drugs and external light for the treatment of diseases. Despite the great progress in PS-mediated PDT, their clinical applications are still hampered by poor water solubility and tissue/cell specificity of conventional PS drugs. Therefore, great efforts have been made towards the development of nanomaterials that can tackle fundamental challenges in conventional PS drug-mediated PDT for cancer treatment. This review highlights recent advances in the development of nano-platforms, in which various functionalized organic and inorganic nanomaterials are integrated with PS drugs, for significantly enhanced efficacy and tumor-selectivity of PDT.

Drug Loading and Release of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles with Near-infrared Light / 医药导报

Objective To prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles with good near-infrared light and study the loading and release of doxorubicin. Methods The Sm doped TiO2 nanoparticles (Sm-TiO2 ) were synthesized using a modified solvothermal reaction and then observed with transmission electron microscope. The fluorescence spectrum, doxorubicin loading capacity and release profile were also determined. Results The obtained Sm-TiO2 nanoparticles with the length from 100-200 nm were fusiform and well dispersed. The emission wavelength was 640-670 nm. The drug loading capacity in water was 11. 5% . DOX in vitro was pH sensitive to release. Conclusion Sm-TiO2 nanoparticles have good near-infrared light, high drug loading capacity and controllable drug release are obtained and should be studied further more as a novel carrier.

Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Sebum Production after Exposure of Cultured Human Sebocytes to Ultraviolet A Radiation and Light at Wavelengths of 650 nm and 830 nm

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible light, or infrared light therapy for the treatment of acne is the subject of ongoing scientific debate. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate changes in sebum production and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), following exposure of cultured human sebocytes to UVA radiation and light at wavelengths of 650 nm and 830 nm. METHODS: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to measure the gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9), and AMPs (psoriasin, hBD-2, hBD-3, and LL-37) in cultured sebocytes after exposure to UVA radiation (2 J/cm2, 3 J/cm2, and 5 J/cm2) and light at wavelengths of 650 nm (14 J/cm2, 29 J/cm2, and 87 J/cm2) and 830 nm (5 J/cm2, 10 J/cm2, and 30 J/cm2). Expression of inflammatory cytokine proteins and sebum production were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays and a lipid analysis kit, respectively. RESULTS: Exposure of cultured sebocytes to UVA radiation and light at wavelengths of 650 nm and 830 nm did not show a significant increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, or AMPs. Sebum production was not significantly decreased after exposure to UVA radiation and light at both wavelengths. CONCLUSION: We propose that UVA radiation, visible light, and infrared light can be used to target Propionibacterium acnes for the treatment of acne, without an increase in the expression of inflammatory biomarkers and sebum production.

Combined 624-nm and 850-nm illumination at low rates leads to enhanced inhibition of Candida albicans.

Background: To determine whether combinations of red and infrared light could improve inhibition of Candida albicans and whether combining wavelengths and altering rate of energy delivery could prevent the formation of resistance to light energy. Methods: C. albicans was tested because of the common appearance in human skin and mucous membrane infections. The organism was treated in vitro with a combination of 624-nm (red) and 850-nm (infrared) light emitted from a supraluminous diode (SLD) array. Doses of 9, and 30 J/cm2 were used. Rate of energy delivery was also manipulated. Colony counts were performed and compared to untreated controls using Student t tests and one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis. Results: The combination of 624 and 850-nm light energy at 30 J/cm2 was an effective (p ≤ 0.05) inhibitor of C. albicans across all seven stages of the experiment. The combination of 624 and 850-nm wavelengths produced a maximum kill rate [{control – treated / control} X 100] of 76.24% and an average kill rate of 54% across the seven stages of the experiment. Conclusions: A Combination of 624-nm and 850-nm light from an SLD array can inhibit the growth of C. albicans in vitro. Altering delivery rate of the energy can delay resistance formation in this organism.

The safety and efficacy of a combined diode laser and bipolar radiofrequency compared with combined infrared light and bipolar radiofrequency for skin rejuvenation.

Background: As the demand for noninvasive procedures for skin rejuvenation is increasing, combined diode laser and radiofrequency and combined infrared and radiofrequency devices have recently emerged. Aim: To compare Polaris WRA TM , a combination device of diode light and RF, and ReFirme ST TM , a combination device of infrared and bipolar RF, in terms of safety and efficacy on skin rejuvenation. Methods: Fourteen Korean volunteers of skin type II-IV, with facial laxity and periorbital rhytids, received three treatments at 3-week intervals with combined diode laser and bipolar radiofrequency (laser fluence 30 J/cm 2 , RF fluence 90 J/cm 3 ) on the right half of their faces and combined infrared light and bipolar radiofrequency (RF fluence 120 J/cm 3 ) on the left half of their faces. Clinical photos of front and bilateral sides of the subjects' faces were taken at baseline and at 6, 9, 12 weeks after the treatment initiation. The investigators' and the subjects' global assessments were performed. Results: There is no statistically significant difference in the overall outcome between Polaris WRA TM and Refirme ST TM based on pre- and post-treatment objective measurements. Polaris WRA TM was more effective than Refirme ST TM at reducing wrinkles when therapeutic results of the two appliances were compared based on the patient satisfaction measurements. After the treatment with both instruments, histological increase in the production and rearrangement of collagen fibers at the dermal layer was observed. The density of the collagen fibers was more increased with the Polaris WRA TM -treated facial area than that of Refirme ST TM . Treatment was generally well tolerated, and there was no serious complication. Conclusion: In this study, both the lasers appeared to be safe, and effective methods for treating skin laxity and facial wrinkles. Combined diode laser and radiofrequency was more effective than combined infrared and radiofrequency at reducing wrinkles and pores when the therapeutic results of both the appliances were compared.

Clinical Study of StoneTouch(R) Far-infrared Device on Atopic Dermatitis / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with severe pruritus, but there are only a few effective treatment modalities. Previous studies have demonstrated that infrared light inhibited the development of atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of StoneTouch(R) infrared device in reducing pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis. METHODS: A total of 92 patients with atopic dermatitis with mild to moderate AD were enrolled in the randomized single-blind, placebo-controlled study. Randomly assigned StoneTouch(R) or sham device was irradiated three times daily for 14 days trial. Efficacy was evaluated by visual analogue scales and investigator's assessments. RESULTS: Pruritus scores using VAS evaluated by patients revealed greater improvement in the StoneTouch(R) infrared treatment group. Assessment of treated skin lesion by physicians showed significant improvement of skin findings in treated group. Transient erythema and mild irritation on the treated site were reported in a few patients. These symptoms were diminished within 1~2 days of treatment. CONCLUSION: StoneTouch(R) infrared device is safe and effective in reducing pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Clinical Study of StoneTouch(R) Far-infrared Device on Atopic Dermatitis / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with severe pruritus, but there are only a few effective treatment modalities. Previous studies have demonstrated that infrared light inhibited the development of atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of StoneTouch(R) infrared device in reducing pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis. METHODS: A total of 92 patients with atopic dermatitis with mild to moderate AD were enrolled in the randomized single-blind, placebo-controlled study. Randomly assigned StoneTouch(R) or sham device was irradiated three times daily for 14 days trial. Efficacy was evaluated by visual analogue scales and investigator's assessments. RESULTS: Pruritus scores using VAS evaluated by patients revealed greater improvement in the StoneTouch(R) infrared treatment group. Assessment of treated skin lesion by physicians showed significant improvement of skin findings in treated group. Transient erythema and mild irritation on the treated site were reported in a few patients. These symptoms were diminished within 1~2 days of treatment. CONCLUSION: StoneTouch(R) infrared device is safe and effective in reducing pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Study and Design of Broad -spectrum (1100nm～1800nm) Infrared Light -Based Skin Rejuvenation System / 中国医学物理学杂志

Objective: Compare merits and drawbacks of existing ablative and non-ablative rejuvenation technologies, and complete study and design of a skin rejuvenation device based on a new rejuvenation mechanism using broad-spectrum infrared light (1100 nm ～1800nm). Methods: This article firstly presents skin rejuvenation mechanism based on the broad-spectrum infrared light, and then independently design by using corresponding systems at home and abroad for reference to make a high-quality device with lower costs compared to international corresponding systems. The device has a modular architecture design including system control module, power module, infrared emission, human machine interface, water circulating cooling and switch control module. The article details three key points in design: how to generate the required infrared pulsed light, human machine interface and anti-interference design. Results: The article gave the architecture diagram and human machine interface. The technical parameters measured by experiments satisfied the design requirements and the device can be used in clinics. Its stability, reliability and energy uniformity all meet requirements of infrared rejuvenation treatment. Conclusion: The device will have good applying prospect and market prospect in medical cosmetics.

Variação térmica da câmara pulpar e do gel clareador bloqueador de infravermelho ativado com lâmpada halógena / Temperature changes of pulpal chamber and infrared-blocking bleaching gel activated with halogen light

Objetivo: Avaliar a temperatura da câmara pulpar (CP) e do gel clareador bloqueador de infravermelho na superfície dental (SUP), durante a ativação com fotopolimerizadores com lâmpadas halógenas que emitem radiação na faixa do infravermelho (IV). Metodologia: Os géis clareadores Whiteness HP Maxx (com bloqueador de IV - MX) e Whiteness HP (controle - CON) foram aplicados em 10 incisivos centrais superiores. A ativação com luz foi realizada com os fotopolimerizadores (FP) Optilight (600mW/cm2, OP) e Jet Lite (1200mW/cm2, JL), sendo quatro ativações de 40s, sem intervalo (total de 3min e 20s). As temperaturas foram aferidas a cada 40s com um termômetro digital com dois termopares tipo K, um no interior da CP e outro na superfície dental (SUP). Os dados foram analisados com ANOVA a 3 fatores (tipo de gel - TG, FP e tempo de ativação) e teste de Tukey. Resultados: Houve efeito significativo de TG e FP e para a interação FP/TG. As médias (DP) (em graus Celsius) foram: PC:[GT={MX-6,38(3,25)a, CON-7,70(2,91)b}, FC={OP-5,51(2,54)a, JL-8,56(2,93)b}]; SUR: [GT={CON-9,85(3,89)a, MX-14,21(7,76)b}, FC={OP-7,32(2,50)a, JL-16,74(5,82)b}]. Conclusões: O gel bloqueador de IV resultou em menor aquecimento da CP e maior aquecimento do gel que o controle. O FP Jet Lite promoveu maior aquecimento que o Optilight.

Purpose: To evaluate temperature changes of pulpal chamber (PC) and infrared blocking bleaching gel on dental surface (SUR) during the activation with photocuring units with halogen lights that emit radiation in the infrared (IR) range. Methods: The bleaching gels Whiteness HP Maxx (IR-blocker - MX) and Whiteness HP (control - CON) were used in ten maxillary central incisors. Light-activation was performed by using the photocuring units (FC) Optilight (600mW/cm2, OP) or Jet Lite (1200mW/cm2, JL) with four 40s-activation procedures with no interval (total time: 3min 20s). The temperature was measured each 40s using a digital thermometer with two type K thermocouples placed inside the PC and on dental surface (SUR). Data were analyzed with 3-way ANOVA (gel type - GT, FC and activation time) and Tukey's test. Results: A significant effect was found for the main factors FC and GT, and for their interaction. The means (SD) (in Celsius degree) were: PC:[GT={MX-6,38(3,25)a, CON-7,70(2,91)b}, FC={OP-5,51(2,54)a, JL-8,56(2,93)b}]; SUR: [GT={CON-9,85(3,89)a, MX-14,21(7,76)b}, FC={OP-7,32(2,50)a, JL-16,74(5,82)b}]. Conclusions: MX resulted in lower pulp chamber heating and higher gel heating than the control group. JL promoted greater heating than OP.

Treatment of Skin Laxity and Facial Wrinkles with Combinationof Radiofrequency and Infrared Light / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: A device using radiofrequency and infrared has been used as a nonablative method for producing noninvasive skin tightening. However, the method combining radiofrequency and infrared light has not been used widely for treating both skin wrinkling and tightening. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of a new nonablative Korean medical device, AntiLax(TM) (Jeisys Medical, Seoul, Korea), which uses both radiofrequency and infrared light, on facial wrinkling and laxity. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with facial laxity and wrinkles were enrolled in this study. Three patients failed to complete the three treatment sessions spaced 4 weeks apart so, ultimately, 30 patients completed the scheduled procedure. Serial photographs of the patients were obtained during the study period. A final clinical assessment was made 3 months after the last treatment. Punch biopsies of the treatment areas were obtained 1 week before treatment and 1 month after the last treatment in five patients who agreed to undergo skin biopsies. RESULTS: Doctors' assessments of the photographs taken before and 3 months after the treatment observed marked differences in the effect of treatment on skin laxity, according to location, but no differences in the effect of treatment on skin wrinkling, according to location. The efficacy of treatment of both skin laxity and wrinkling increased with the number of treatments. Patient satisfaction scores paralleled the clinical improvements observed. Secondary benefits reported by patients 3 months after treatment included decreased pore size, reduced sebum secretion, and improved skin texture. The side effects were mild and limited to transient erythema, edema, and rare vesicle formation. Histopathologically, there were increased, thickened collagen fibers 1 month after the last treatment, as compared to pretreatment. However, quantitative morphometric methods are needed to evaluate the histological changes objectively. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive radiofrequency combined with infrared light appears to be a safe, effective method for treating skin laxity and facial wrinkles.

Value of infrared light scanning and mammography in diagnosis of breast masses / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To estimate the value of infrared light scanning (IFS) and mammography in diagnosis of breast masses. Methods A total of 313 patients with breast masses were examined with IFS and mammography. The diagnosis accordance rate by IFS and mammography was compared with that by pathological diagnosis. Results There was significant difference in the diagnosis of fibroadenoma between IFS and mammography (P

Effect of linear polarized near-infrared light irradiation on the recovery of isokinetic muscle exertion after strenuous exercise / 体力科学

This study aimed to examine the effect of linear polarized near-infrared light (PL) irradiation on the recovery of isokinetic muscle exertion and subjective fatigue sensation in muscles after strenuous exercise. Eighteen healthy college students participated in the experiment for all conditions of meridian point irradiation (MPI), femurs muscles irradiation (FMI), and no irradiation (NI) . They all took isokinetic knee extension and flexion tests (IK test) before and after strenuous exercise up to exhaustion. Each subject was irradiated at the meridian point or in femurs muscles after the second IK test. The third IK test was carried out after ten-minutes rest.<BR>The effects of PL irradiation were confirmed on the recovery rate of muscle fatigue in knee extension motion with high load intensity (PT 60 d/s and TW 60 d/s : MPI, FMI> NI, p<0.05 16.2%, 13.4%>8.5%, and 16.1%, 14.1%>8.3%, respectively) . Also, in flexion motion, significant differences in the recovery-degree for each condition were found, and the effect of PL irradiation was suggested. There was no difference between the effect of MPI and FMI. In addition, subjective fatigue sensation in muscles after rest decreased significantly in MPI as compared with NI (MPI: 52.1%>NI : 36.6%, p<0.05) . From the above, it was suggested that PL irradiation is effective on recovery in muscle fatigue after strenuous exercise regardless of irradiation conditions, MPI or FMI.