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Resumen Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de capacitaciones impartidas por estudiantes de la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca (UCMC) referentes al VIH en población habitante de calle asistente a un centro de acogida en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. Materiales y método. Se realizaron encuestas en las que se definieron los factores socio-demográficos, los hábitos y los conocimientos sobre el VIH de la población. Se examinaron 47 individuos de los cuales el 92% eran hombres y el 12,78% de toda la población fue seropositiva para VIH, así mismo, de ésta población el 33,33% de los individuos no recordaban el número de parejas sexuales que habían tenido en el último año. Respecto a las charlas sobre VIH por parte de los estudiantes de la UCMC el 61,40% las calificaron como buenas. Resultados. Con base en el estudio se pudo evidenciar que en la población habitante de calle es necesaria una intervención educativa, dado que esto reduce el riesgo de infección por VIH y el desarrollo de la enfermedad, a la vez que se puede promover la reintegración social de esta comunidad.
Abstract HIV is a world problem, according to the World Health Organization 36.7 million people infected by this virus, of which the greatest risk occurs in people who are in a state of neglect, by example the inhabitant street. It is estimated in Bogotá D.C., the inhabitant street population near 9,614 characters. The objective was to evaluate the Impact of training given by students of the Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca (UCMC) concerning HIV Population Inhabitants street attending the reception Centre in the City of Bogotá D.C. To collect information conducted surveys that defined the socio-demographic factors, Habits, and Knowledge About HIV population. 47 individuals of which 92% were men and 12.78% of the entire population was seropositive HIV, also, of this population they were examined 33.33% of individuals did not remember the number of sexual partners in the last year. Regarding the talks on HIV by students UCMC the 61.40% rated this as the good. Base with the study itself was evident that's inhabitant street population is required educational intervention, given a this Risk of HIV infection and disease development reduce the time you can promote reintegration this type of social community.
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Humanos , Saúde Pública , Vírus , Epidemiologia , HIVRESUMO
Objective:To analyze the incidence,treatment and resource consumption of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Beijing inhabitants.Methods:Consecutive cases of primary OSCC of Beijing inhabitants admitted to the Stomatology Hospital of Peking University between 2009-2013 were selected from the medical record department.A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data which including age,sex,sites,TNM stage,habits of smoking and drinking,treatment,fees,etc.Results:415 cases were included in this analysis.The male-to-female ratio was 1.2∶ 1.Tongue was the most common affected site(41.0％).The difference of the distribution of the affected sites between male and female patients was statistically significant(P ＜0.01).96.6％ patients were diagnosed above the age of 40 years with the median age of 64(56,73).The difference of the distribution of age between male and female patients was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.01).The patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ accounted for 54.9％.With the development of T stage of the primary tumor,the average hospital fee,surgery fee and hospitolization time increased correspondingly.Conclusion:Late stage OSCC accounts for over half of all OSCC patients.The consumption of medical resources increases significantly with the development of tumor,thus more preventive measures are required.
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El objetivo de este ensayo es mostrar el aporte de la hermenéutica filosófica a la bioética ambiental ante el dilema biocentrismo versus antropocentrismo. Por el primero se entiende la conservación radical e inalterable de la naturaleza, mientras para el segundo se concibe la explotación y comercialización de la tierra sin más límite que la ganancia. La hermenéutica filosófica es un método para fusionar y autolimitar estos dispares horizontes de valoración y significatividad. Dicho método recoge, a través de la ubicación histórica y conceptual, el origen de cada una de estas concepciones y sus respectivas tesis. Gracias a ello, postula la traslación de significados clave, como "tierra", "suelo", "ecosistema", "medio ambiente", hacia una noción holística de "biósfera". Con ello pretende la disolución del dilema y, a su vez, abrir la vía a investigaciones futuras que puedan abordar los dilemas de la bioética ambiental con la traslación hermenéutica de significados con distinto valor.
The aim of this essay is to show the contribution of hermeneutic philosophy to environmental bioethics faced with the biocentric versus anthropocentric dilemma. Biocentric means the radical unchanging conservation of nature, while anthropocentric means the exploitation and commercialization of earth with profit as the only limit. The hermeneutic philosophy is a method to unite and self-limiting these different horizons of value and meaning. Such method gathers through historic and conceptual location, the origin of each one of these conceptions and their respective thesis. Thanks to this, it applies the inclusion of key meanings, such as "earth", "soil", "ecosystem", "environment" within a holistic notion of "biosphere". With this it pretends to solve the problem and, moreover, to open the way to future research which could tackle the environmental bioethical dilemmas with the hermeneutic change of meanings with different values.
O objetivo deste ensaio é mostrar a contribuição da hermenêutica filosófica para a bioética ambiental diante do dilema biocentrismo versus antropocentrismo. Por primeiro entende-se a conservação radical e inalterável da natureza, enquanto, por segundo, se concebe a exploração e comercialização da terra sem mais limite que a ganância. A hermenêutica filosófica é um método para fundir e autolimitar estes díspares horizontes de valoração e significância. Dito método recolhe, através da localização histórica e conceitual, a origem de cada uma destas concepções e suas respectivas teses. Graças a isso, postula a traslação de significados chave, como "terra", "solo", "ecossistema", "meio ambiente", para uma noção holística de "biosfera". Com isso pretende a dissolução do dilema e, por sua vez, abrir a via para pesquisas futuras que possam abordar os dilemas da bioética ambiental com a traslação hermenêutica de significados com distinto valor.
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Bioética , Desenvolvimento Ecológico , Meio Ambiente , Hermenêutica , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Ecossistema , Internacionalidade , FilosofiaRESUMO
En la bahía de Quintero-Puchuncaví se plantea la tensión entre el desarrollo económico y la preservación de los recursos naturales y la calidad de vida. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo que abordó las representaciones sociales sobre el impacto medioambiental en habitantes de la bahía de Quintero-Puchuncaví. Se realizaron dos grupos focales con trabajadores de una escuela e integrantes del movimiento de Comunidades por un Derecho a la Vida, aplicando un análisis de contenido que arrojó como principales resultados que en la zona primaría el desarrollo económico e industrial en perjuicio de los recursos naturales, la salud, la calidad de vida y los derechos humanos de los habitantes del sector. Existiendo además, la idea de una política de ocultamiento de la información y medidas asistencialistas que intentarían, de forma ineficaz, mitigar el daño provocado. Se reconoce una actitud desfavorable en ambos grupos hacia el impacto medioambiental generado por las empresas, pues consideran que esta problemática ha superado todo límite. Esto moviliza vías de acción a nivel microsocial, en el caso de profesores, y a nivel de localidad, en el caso del movimiento...
In the Bay of Quintero-Puchuncaví there is a tension between economic development, preservation of natural resources and quality of life. This research presents a qualitative study that aimed to answer the question: Which social representations do the residents of the Bay of Quintero-Puchuncaví have about the environmental impact in the area? In order to attempt this, two focus groups were performed. The first one was composed by school employees and the second one by members of the movement Communities for the Right to Life. Subsequently a content analysis was developed. This yielded as a main result that the Social Representation of these groups would be oriented by their own common sense, assuming as a part of it that in the area would prevail industrial economic development to the detriment of natural resources, health, quality of life and human rights of the inhabitants of the sector. It was also detected in these groups, the idea of an existing policy to conceal information from them, as well as welfarist measures that try ineffectively to mitigate the damage caused. Thus, it is recognized an unfavorable attitude in both groups to the environmental impact generated by industries, believing that this issue has exceeded all the limits. This mobilizes toward micro level actions in the case of teachers and local level actions in the case of the Movement...
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Humanos , Qualidade Ambiental , Centrais Elétricas , Direitos Humanos , Meio Ambiente , Percepção Social , ChileRESUMO
El objetivo de la investigación fue relacionar la prevalencia de enteroparásitos con los factores ambientales en dos comunidades indígenas del Estado Zulia. Para ello se analizaron muestras fecales, mediante examen coproscópico y concentrado, de 168 individuos Japrería ubicados en la Sierra de Perijá y 283 Añú en la Laguna de Sinamaica. Se evaluaron muestras de suelos de las zonas respectivas, midiéndose pH, carbono orgánico, conductividad eléctrica, fósforo extraíble, calcio, magnesio y potasio intercambiables, y textura. Datos de precipitación también fueron analizados. Se encontró una elevada prevalencia de enteroparásitos en ambas comunidades (Japrería 83,93 por ciento, Añú 85,16 por ciento). Predominaron los protozoarios y el poliparasitismo, observándose Blastocystis hóminis en primer lugar en ambas poblaciones. En relación a los helmintos, Ancylostomídeos prevaleció en los Japrería y Trichuris trichiura en los Añú. El suelo de la localidad Japrería fue menos arenoso que el de la Añú, registrándose en la primera, mayor precipitación promedio anual. Se concluye que dentro de los factores ambientales evaluados, el suelo es importante en función de su textura, cobertura vegetal y precipitación, que influyen directamente en su capacidad para retener la humedad, constituyéndose en un elemento que determina diferentes patrones de distribución en la prevalencia de geohelmintos.
The objective of the investigation was to relate the prevalence of enteric parasites to environmental factors in two native communities of Zulia State. Fecal samples were analyzed using the copro-parasitology test and concentration technique, for 168 Japrería individuals located in the Perij Mountain Range and 283 Añú in the Sinamaica Lagoon. Soil samples from the respective zones were evaluated, measuring pH, organic carbon, electric conductivity, extractable phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, interchangeable potassium and texture. Precipitation data were also analyzed. A high prevalence of enteric parasites was found in both communities (Japrer¡a 83.93 percent, Añú 85.16 percent). Protozoa and polyparasitism dominated, observing Blastocystis hóminis in first place for both populations. Regarding helminths, Ancylostom¡deos prevailed among the Japrer¡a and Trichuris trichiura among the Añú. Soil at the Japrería locality was less sandy than that of the Añú and received greater annual average precipitation. Conclusions were that among the environmental factors evaluated, the soil is important because of its texture, vegetable cover and precipitation, influencing its capacity to retain humidity, an element that determines different distribution patterns in the prevalence of geohelminths.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Blastocystis hominis/parasitologia , Riscos Ambientais , Doença Ambiental/parasitologia , Povos Indígenas , ParasitologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study is to investigate risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension in rural residents. Nine hundred and ninety four subjects aged 40-70 yrs in Chungnam-do participated in this study. The subjects (n = 824) were classified into three groups of hypertensive, pre-hypertensive, and normotensive according to the Joint National Committee (JNC)-7 criteria. The weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and serum total protein, albumin, BUN, and triglyceride (TG) were positively correlated with SBP and DBP. After adjusted by age, sex and BMI, the total protein, albumin and TG were significantly correlated with SBP and DBP (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in eating habits according to the level of blood pressure. The serum albumin, creatinine, Glu-FBS, Glu-PP l20, and triglyceride were higher in both prehypertensive and hypertensive group than in the normotensive group. However, mean serum cholesterol was not different among three blood pressure groups. In this study, the common risk factors of pre-hypertension and hyper-tension were male, age of fifties, lower education level, ex-smoking, higher drinking frequency, higher BMI, body fat %, waist circumference, WHR, serum albumin and diabetes, even though the degree of risks in these variables were higher in the hypertensive group. The higher BUN was a risk factor of prehypertension, while the family history, prediabetes, serum total protein, Glu-PP l20 and higher alcohol drinking amount were the risk factors of hypertension. This result suggests that maintaining good health habit and normal range of blood parameters as well as controlling body weight have to be paid attention in order to prevent hypertention, and further reseasch on the relationship of blood pressure and BUN are needed.
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Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Tecido Adiposo , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Antropometria , Pressão Sanguínea , Peso Corporal , Colesterol , Creatinina , Ingestão de Líquidos , Ingestão de Alimentos , Hipertensão , Articulações , Estilo de Vida , Estado Pré-Diabético , Pré-Hipertensão , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Risco , Albumina Sérica , Circunferência da Cintura , Relação Cintura-QuadrilRESUMO
Objective To explore polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) exposure of traffic policemen in Beijing and its impact on DNA oxidative damage. Methods From Jun. to Aug. 2007,41 male traffic policemen and 34 male suburban inhabitants in Beijing were selected. The ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5) was sampled within two consecutive days in the work places of traffic policeman and in the residential area of suburban inhabitants respectively . The levels of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP) and 10 PAHs species were both analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) . The levels of urinary 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) were detected by ELISA kit,while the questionnaires for health information on smoking,drinking alcohol,exercise habit and so on were also inquired. Results The average levels of PM2.5,benzo[a]pyrene [B(a) P] and total PAHs in the traffic policeman group were 0.096 mg/m3,3.20 ng/m3,and 38.32 ng/m3 respectively,while the corresponding values in the suburban inhabitant group were 0.045 mg/m3,1.54 ng/m3 and 25.43 ng/m3 respectively. The concentration of urinary 1-OHP in the policeman group [(0.50 ?0.38 ) ?mol/mol Cr] was higher than that of the suburban inhabitant group([0.34?0.28) ?mol/mol Cr],P0.05. Multiple factors analysis indicated that urinary 1-OHP and smoking habit had influence on urinary 8-OHdG level,while there was no relationship with other factors(such as drinking alcohol,exercise and cooking habit) . Conclusion Traffic pollution may increase the level of DNA oxidative damage in policemen in Beijing.Traffic and smoking habit-related PAHs exposure is the important influencing factor.
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Objective To make a status survey on type2 diabetic patients with metabolic Syndrome in middle-aged inhabitants.Methods 338 inpatients with type 2 DM including 179 male and 159 female,aged 46?5 years,with complete records in the computer database.Results The prevalent rates of the complications in group of 40～yrs type2 diabetic patients were 17.8% combined with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease,50.9% with hypertension,18.1% with left ventricular dilatation,53.6% with hypertriglyceridemia,46.2% with lower HDL,54.7% with obesity and 38.8% with metabolic Syndrome,respectively.These prevalent rates in the 40-year-old group were all lower than those in groups above 60 years,and the rates was higher in patients whose BMI was above 25(kg/m2).Conclusion There was high prevalence in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic Syndrome,and was related with the age and obesity.Obesity was an independent risk factor for MS.
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Objective To assess the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in traffic police and suburban inhabitants in Beijing and to explore the factors that can influence urinary 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP) which will be taken as PAHs exposure biomarker.Methods From Jun.to Aug.2007,Sixty-two traffic policemen and 35 male suburban inhabitants were selected.The ambient PM2.5 samples were collected within two consecutive days in the work place of traffic policeman and in the residential area of suburban inhabitants respectively.The levels of urinary 1-OHP and 10 PAHs species in the collected PM2.5 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),while the information on smoking,drinking alcohol,exercising habit and so on was investigated by questionnaire.Results The average levels of benzo[a]pyrene,pyrene and total PAHs in the traffic policeman group were 3.20,6.48 and 38.32 ng/m3 respectively,while the corresponding values in the suburban inhabitant group were 1.54,4.05 and 25.43 ng/m3 respectively.The concentration of urinary 1-OHP in the policeman group was higher than that of the suburban inhabitant group.In addition,the effect of smoking on the 1-OHP concentrations were also detected in the smoking suburban inhabitants and serious smoking traffic policemen(≥20 cigarettes per day).There was no effect of other factors(such as drinking alcohol,exercising and cooking habit) on 1-OHP.Conclusion Both traffic policemen and suburban inhabitants in Beijing were exposed to high level of PAHs.The ambient air exposure and smoking are the most important factors influencing the concentration of urinary 1-OHP.
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Objective To evaluate the selenium nutrition level of Huaibei inhabitants and to supply valid data to Chinese Microelement Nutrition Database. Methods 513 healthy people living in Huaibei for more than 10 years were selected randomly from September 2003 to June 2004. The selenium content in hair was measured by catalytic polarographic method to delimit selenium richness region. According to the selenium content in hair,the intake of selenium from food was estimated. The investigation results were evaluated by the standard of Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes. Results The selenium content in hair was (0.390 3?0.104 5) ?g/g in Huaibei inhabitants,only 51.9% of the people reached the proper level. The average intake of selenium of Huaibei inhabitants was (31.92?9.93) ?g/d,which showed that the selenium nutrition level of Huaibei inhabitants was lower than the standard of Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes except children between 0 to 6 years old. The percent which satisfied RNI and EAR standard occupied 19.9% (102/513) and 32.9% (169/513) respectively,which were also much lower than the 50% of physiological necessary level. Conclusion The selenium intake from food in Huaibei inhabitants was scarce obviously. To increase the selenium intake properly will be a wise selection.
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De 485 soros colhidos entre maio e julho de 1980 de habitantes da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, submetidos a titulagens para a presença de anti-corpos para HerpesvÍrus hominis, pelo método de imunofluorescência indireta, 389 (80%) foram positivos. Verificou-se que até 4 anos de idade, 38% dos habitantes e até os 14 anos, mais de 90% já possuíam estes anticorpos no sangue circulante. Na idade de 3 anos foi verificada a maior frequência da infecção. Não foram constatadas maiores diferenças entre os achados atuais e os verificados anteriormente em São Paulo. Em relação à tendência da curva de frequência dos anticorpos, nossos dados são similares aos de alguns autores e diferentes dos de outros (AU).