Research status and vaccination policy of human papillomavirus vaccine / 上海预防医学

Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor. Vaccination with human papilloma virus （HPV） vaccine is of great significance to prevent condyloma acuminatum， HPV infection， and cervical cancer. This paper reviews the epidemic situation and risk factors of cervical cancer， the prevention strategies of cervical cancer， HPV types， HPV vaccine types and mechanisms of action， the safety and effectiveness of vaccines， men’s HPV vaccination， vaccination policies in various countries and so on， and further puts forward suggestions on HPV vaccination policies in China.

Variability in indigenous Pakistani tomato lines and worldwide reference collection for Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV) and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) infection / Variabilidade em linhagens indígenas de tomate do Paquistão e coleção de referência global para infecção por vírus do mosaico do tomateiro (ToMV) e vírus da folha amarela do tomate (TYLCV)

Local and exotic germplasm of tomato remains a major source for genetic improvement. Assessment of such lines for biotic stresses particularly viral diseases are the most important criteria for selection in Pakistan, where Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) and Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV) are the major diseases/viruses. A set of 40 accessions (including indigenous Pakistani lines and exotic germplasm from Europe, the United States, and Asia) were evaluated for their resistance/infection response to ToMV with artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Infection response was quantified through disease scoring and DAS-ELISA test (for ToMV). A subset of 24 lines, was further screened for TYLCV using disease scoring and TAS-ELISA. The tested lines showed significant variability for resistance to ToMV. Only one accession (Acc-17878) was resistant to the ToMV whereas seven accessions i.e. Acc-17890, AVR-261, CLN-312, AVR-321, EUR-333, CLN-352, and CLN-362 expressed resistance to TYLCV. Correlation between phenotypic evaluation was confirmed by the ELISA results in both diseases, although both tools complemented to assess the viral infection status. In future, tomato breeding programs must consider breeding for ToMV and TYLCV resistance (using identified germplasm in our study) so as to deliver virus resistant tomato varieties.

O germoplasma local e exótico do tomate continua sendo uma importante fonte de melhoramento genético. A avaliação de linhagens para estresses bióticos, particularmente as doenças virais, é o critério mais importantes para seleção no Paquistão, onde o vírus da folha amarela do tomate (TYLCV) e o vírus do mosaico do tomateiro (ToMV) são as principais doenças/vírus. Um conjunto de 40 acessos (incluindo linhagens indígenas do Paquistão e germoplasma exótico da Europa, dos Estados Unidos e da Ásia) foi avaliado quanto à resistência/resposta à infecção ao ToMV com inoculação artificial em casa de vegetação. A resposta à infecção foi quantificada por meio de pontuação da doença e de teste DAS-ELISA (para ToMV). Um subconjunto de 24 linhas foi posteriormente rastreado para TYLCV usando pontuação de doença e TAS-ELISA. As linhas testadas apresentaram variabilidade significativa para resistência ao ToMV. Apenas um acesso (Acc-17878) foi resistente ao ToMV, enquanto sete acessos (Acc-17890, AVR-261, CLN-312, AVR-321, EUR-333, CLN-352 e CLN-362) expressaram resistência ao TYLCV. A correlação entre a avaliação fenotípica foi confirmada pelos resultados do ELISA nas duas doenças, embora ambas as ferramentas tenham se complementado para avaliar o estado da infecção viral. No futuro, os programas de melhoramento de tomate devem considerar aperfeiçoamentos para resistência ao ToMV e TYLCV (usando germoplasma identificado em nosso estudo) de modo a fornecer variedades de tomate resistentes a vírus.

Variability in indigenous Pakistani tomato lines and worldwide reference collection for Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV) and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) infection

Abstract Local and exotic germplasm of tomato remains a major source for genetic improvement. Assessment of such lines for biotic stresses particularly viral diseases are the most important criteria for selection in Pakistan, where Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) and Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV) are the major diseases/viruses. A set of 40 accessions (including indigenous Pakistani lines and exotic germplasm from Europe, the United States, and Asia) were evaluated for their resistance/infection response to ToMV with artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Infection response was quantified through disease scoring and DAS-ELISA test (for ToMV). A subset of 24 lines, was further screened for TYLCV using disease scoring and TAS-ELISA. The tested lines showed significant variability for resistance to ToMV. Only one accession (Acc-17878) was resistant to the ToMV whereas seven accessions i.e. Acc-17890, AVR-261, CLN-312, AVR-321, EUR-333, CLN-352, and CLN-362 expressed resistance to TYLCV. Correlation between phenotypic evaluation was confirmed by the ELISA results in both diseases, although both tools complemented to assess the viral infection status. In future, tomato breeding programs must consider breeding for ToMV and TYLCV resistance (using identified germplasm in our study) so as to deliver virus resistant tomato varieties.

RESUMO O germoplasma local e exótico do tomate continua sendo uma importante fonte de melhoramento genético. A avaliação de linhagens para estresses bióticos, particularmente as doenças virais, é o critério mais importantes para seleção no Paquistão, onde o vírus da folha amarela do tomate (TYLCV) e o vírus do mosaico do tomateiro (ToMV) são as principais doenças/vírus. Um conjunto de 40 acessos (incluindo linhagens indígenas do Paquistão e germoplasma exótico da Europa, dos Estados Unidos e da Ásia) foi avaliado quanto à resistência/resposta à infecção ao ToMV com inoculação artificial em casa de vegetação. A resposta à infecção foi quantificada por meio de pontuação da doença e de teste DAS-ELISA (para ToMV). Um subconjunto de 24 linhas foi posteriormente rastreado para TYLCV usando pontuação de doença e TAS-ELISA. As linhas testadas apresentaram variabilidade significativa para resistência ao ToMV. Apenas um acesso (Acc-17878) foi resistente ao ToMV, enquanto sete acessos (Acc-17890, AVR-261, CLN-312, AVR-321, EUR-333, CLN-352 e CLN-362) expressaram resistência ao TYLCV. A correlação entre a avaliação fenotípica foi confirmada pelos resultados do ELISA nas duas doenças, embora ambas as ferramentas tenham se complementado para avaliar o estado da infecção viral. No futuro, os programas de melhoramento de tomate devem considerar aperfeiçoamentos para resistência ao ToMV e TYLCV (usando germoplasma identificado em nosso estudo) de modo a fornecer variedades de tomate resistentes a vírus.

Effect of Rhizobium, PSB and Mo on the Growth of Different Varieties of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer kabulinum L.)

The present investigation was conducted with the objective of finding out the Effect of Rhizobium, PSB and Mo on the Growth of Different Varieties of Kabuli Chickpea. The study comprised six treatments of Inoculants I1-Control, I2-Rhizobium(Rh.)+phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) seed inoculation, I3-Molybdenum (Mo)@0.5 g AM* kg-1 seed, I4-Molybdenum @1.0 g AM kg-1 seed, I5-Rh.+PSB+Mo seed treatment @0.5g AM kg-1 seed, I6-Rh.+PSB+Mo seed treatment 1.0g AM kg-1 seed and two varieties V1-RVSJKG 102, V2-Phule G 0517, evaluated in Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The results of the present study revealed that the seed inoculation, I6Rh.+ PSB + Mo@1 g AM kg-1 seed was found to be the best among other inoculants with respect to growth in chickpeas, and Variety Phule G 0517 produced higher values of growth and yield attributing.

Response of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer kabulinum L.) Varieties to Seed Inoculation with Biofertilizers and Supplementation with Molybdenum

The present investigation was conducted during rabi season 2016-17 at ICARDA, Amlaha farm, Sehore to study the supplementation of Mo along with Rhizobium + PSB inoculation in chickpea cultivars on biological nitrogen fixation and productivity. Research title “Response of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer kabulinum L.) Varieties to Seed Inoculation with Biofertilizers and Supplementation with Molybdenum”. Six inoculants, with two kabuli chickpea varieties evaluated in Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The results of present study revealed The seed inoculation, I6Rh.+ PSB + Mo@1 g AMkg-1 seed was found best among other inoculants with respect to productivity and profitability in chickpea, and Variety Phule G 0517 produced higher values of growth and yield attributing .

Analysis of adverse events following immunization of adsorbed acellular DPT vaccine at different vaccination sites / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the occurrence of suspected adverse events following immunization （AEFI） after changing the priority vaccination sites of the adsorbed acellular diphtherior-pertussis-tetanus vaccine （hereinafter referred to as DPT vaccine）， so as to provide scientific basis for mass vaccination. MethodsMonitoring data of AEFI for the DPT vaccine in Wujiang District from September 2020 to August 2022 were collected from China's disease prevention and control information system， and the vaccination information of DPT vaccine in all children's vaccination clinics in Wujiang District during the same period was selected. The incidence of AEFI for the DPT vaccine was analyzed and compared. ResultsThe reported incidence of AEFI was significantly lower in the buttocks than that in other sites （P<0.05）. The reported incidence of AEFI was significantly higher in booster immunization than that in basic immunization （P<0.05）. After inoculation at different sites， the main clinical symptoms of AEFI were local redness and swelling. There were significant differences in the incidence of local redness and swelling， local induration， pruritus and other symptoms （lethargy， abnormal crying， etc.） （P<0.05）. There were significant differences in the severity of local redness and swelling in different sites （P<0.05）. The degree of redness and swelling in the anterolateral thigh was lower than that in other sites （P<0.05）. The local strong reaction of swelling （>5.0 cm） in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm was significantly higher than that in the buttocks （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe DPT vaccine is safe in different parts of the body and is worth popularizing.

Application of monoclonal inoculation/imaging equipment VIPS in monoclonal screening of CHO engineered cell lines / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To develop a method for monoclonal screening of CHO engineered cell lines using Verified In-situ Plate Seeding(VIPS). Methods Cell pool 1 stably transfected with target gene was inoculated by using monoclonal inoculation/imaging equipment(VIPS)in 96-well plates containing culture medium of different combinations(18 combinations,numbered 1～18)and volumes(100 and 200 μL/well). Monoclonal origin tracing pictures were taken,according to which,the monoclonal inoculation rate,clone formation rate and monoclonal proliferation rate were calculated and the image effects of monoclonal origin were evaluated. The applicability of this method was verified by cell pool 2,cell pool 3 and cell pool 4 stably transfected with target gene. Results The optimum monoclonal medium was Medium Ⅱ,and the volume of medium was 100 μL/well. Under the optimum process conditions,the monoclonal inoculation rate of Cell pool 1 was 80%,the clone formation rate was 83%,the proliferation rate was fast,and the monoclonal origin image was clear. While for Cell pool2,Cell pool 3 and Cell pool 4,the average rate of monoclonal inoculation was 78%,the average rate of clone formation was67%,the proliferation rate was slightly different and the image of cell division process was clear under the optimum process conditions. Conclusion In this study,the monoclonal screening method of CHO engineered cell lines developed using VIPS can improve the clone formation rate of CHO engineered cell lines and provide sufficient proof of monoclonal origin.

Clinical characteristics, treatment and vaccination effect of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in kidney transplant recipients abroad / 中华器官移植杂志

The Omicron variant of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious, but compared to early virus typing has milder symptoms and better prognosis.This article reviewed and analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment, prognosis and vaccination effect of Omicron infection in Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) in recent years.The clinical manifestations of KTR infected with Omicron and the comparison with early variants, the clinical characteristics of KTR infected with Omicron compared with the general population, the treatment of KTR infected with Omicron after foreign countries, the effect of vaccination on KTR to prevent Omicron and the measures to increase the ted of vaccine, the summary of the prevention and treatment of KTR infected with Omicron abroad and the experience and the shortcomings of the current researches were analyzed and summarized.

Immunogenicity of mucosal COVID-19 vaccine candidates based on the highly attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus vector (VSVMT) in golden syrian hamster

COVID-19 is caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Current systemic vaccines generally provide limited protection against viral replication and shedding within the airway. Recombinant VSV (rVSV) is an effective vector which inducing potent and comprehensive immunities. Currently, there are two clinical trials investigating COVID-19 vaccines based on VSV vectors. These vaccines were developed with spike protein of WA1 which administrated intramuscularly. Although intranasal route is ideal for activating mucosal immunity with VSV vector, safety is of concern. Thus, a highly attenuated rVSV with three amino acids mutations in matrix protein (VSVMT) was developed to construct safe mucosal vaccines against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. It demonstrated that spike protein mutant lacking 21 amino acids in its cytoplasmic domain could rescue rVSV efficiently. VSVMT indicated improved safeness compared with wild-type VSV as the vector encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. With a single-dosed intranasal inoculation of rVSVΔGMT-SΔ21, potent SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralization antibodies could be stimulated in animals, particularly in term of mucosal and cellular immunity. Strikingly, the chimeric VSV encoding SΔ21 of Delta-variant can induce more potent immune responses compared with those encoding SΔ21 of Omicron- or WA1-strain. VSVMT is a promising platform to develop a mucosal vaccine for countering COVID-19.

Evaluation of water stress and co-inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium tropici in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris l) / Avaliação do estratégio de água e co-inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense e Rhizobium tropici in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris l) / Evaluación del estrés hídrico y la coinoculación de Azospirillum brasilense y Rhizobium tropici en frijoles (Phaseolus vulgaris l)

Climate change has caused major changes in abiotic factors, with water stress as the greatest threat to agricultural production. The measures aimed at alleviating the problems caused by this limiting production factor have occurred through the adoption of sustainable strategies, especially microbial biotechnology, which uses the interactions between the microorganism and the plant, ensuring productive quality and inducing plant resistance to stresses biotic and abiotic. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the biological nitrogen fixation and the development of bean seedlings, with co-inoculation of two types of inoculants, which were subjected to water stress by different pot capacities. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, at Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR, from April to June 2019. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC), with 5 replications, 16 treatments and 80 experimental units. The cultivar used was SCS Riqueza. The parameters evaluated were pot capacity (25%, 50%, 75% and 90%); small, large and total nodules, shoot and root length, dry and fresh weight, total carbon and nitrogen. The evaluation of the morphological parameters of the bean seedlings indicated that the co- inoculation technique promoted beneficial effects for the dry mass parameters of shoot, nodule and root. The analysis of the percentage of carbon and nitrogen in the tissues of the seedlings provided an increase in the concentration of these elements in treatments that involved co-inoculation (Azospirillum brasilensis and Rhizobium tropici) with pot capacities of 25 and 75% (CV), demonstrating that the association of microorganisms is beneficial in the limiting water situation.(AU)

A mudança climática tem causado grandes mudanças nos fatores abióticos, sendo o estresse hídrico a maior ameaça à produção agrícola. As medidas destinadas a aliviar os problemas causados por este fator limitante de produção ocorreram através da adoção de estratégias sustentáveis, especialmente a biotecnologia microbiana, que utiliza as interações entre o microorganismo e a planta, garantindo a qualidade produtiva e induzindo a resistência da planta ao estresse biótico e abiótico. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a fixação biológica de nitrogênio e o desenvolvimento de mudas de feijão, com co-inoculação de dois tipos de inoculantes, que foram submetidos ao estresse hídrico por diferentes capacidades de vaso. A experiência foi realizada em uma estufa, na Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR, de abril a junho de 2019. O projeto experimental foi completamente randomizado (DIC), com 5 réplicas, 16 tratamentos e 80 unidades experimentais. A cultivar utilizada foi a SCS Riqueza. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a capacidade do vaso (25%, 50%, 75% e 90%); nódulos pequenos, grandes e totais, comprimento do rebento e da raiz, peso seco e fresco, carbono total e nitrogênio. A avaliação dos parâmetros morfológicos das mudas de feijão indicou que a técnica de co-inoculação promoveu efeitos benéficos para os parâmetros de massa seca do turião, nódulo e raiz. A análise da porcentagem de carbono e nitrogênio nos tecidos das mudas proporcionou um aumento na concentração destes elementos nos tratamentos que envolveram a co-inoculação (Azospirillum brasilensis e Rhizobium tropici) com capacidades de vaso de 25 e 75% (CV), demonstrando que a associação de microorganismos é benéfica na situação limite da água.(AU)

El cambio climático ha provocado importantes cambios en los factores abióticos, siendo el estrés hídrico la mayor amenaza para la producción agrícola. Las medidas encaminadas a paliar los problemas causados por este factor limitante de la producción se han producido mediante la adopción de estrategias sostenibles, especialmente la biotecnología microbiana, que utiliza las interacciones entre el microorganismo y la planta, asegurando la calidad productiva e induciendo la resistencia de la planta a los estreses bióticos y abióticos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la fijación biológica de nitrógeno y el desarrollo de plántulas de frijol, con la co-inoculación de dos tipos de inoculantes, que fueron sometidos a estrés hídrico por diferentes capacidades de maceta. El experimento se realizó en un invernadero, en la Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR, de abril a junio de 2019. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar (DIC), con 5 repeticiones, 16 tratamientos y 80 unidades experimentales. El cultivar utilizado fue SCS Riqueza. Los parámetros evaluados fueron capacidad de maceta (25%, 50%, 75% y 90%); nódulos pequeños, grandes y totales, longitud de brotes y raíces, peso seco y fresco, carbono y nitrógeno total. La evaluación de los parámetros morfológicos de las plántulas de frijol indicó que la técnica de coinoculación promovió efectos beneficiosos para los parámetros de masa seca de brotes, nódulos y raíces. El análisis del porcentaje de carbono y nitrógeno en los tejidos de las plántulas proporcionó un aumento en la concentración de estos elementos en los tratamientos que involucraron la coinoculación (Azospirillum brasilensis y Rhizobium tropici) con capacidades de maceta de 25 y 75% (CV), demostrando que la asociación de microorganismos es beneficiosa en la situación de agua limitante.(AU)

Aplicación conjunta del consorcio microorganismos benéficos y FitoMas-E® incrementan los indicadores agronómicos del frijol / Joint application of beneficial microorganisms consortium and FitoMas-E® increases the agricultural indicators of beans

RESUMEN El uso de microorganismos benéficos en conjunto con bioestimulantes vegetales puede ser una alternativa eficiente para mejorar la productividad del fríjol. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la aplicación individual y combinada entre los bioestimulantes ME-50® y FitoMas-E® en el incremento agroproductivo del fríjol en época de siembra tardía. La investigación, se desarrolló en la Cooperativa de Créditos y Servicios "Mártires de Taguasco", Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Se realizó un experimento en condiciones de campo con el cultivar ʻVelazco largoʼ. Los tratamientos, se distribuyeron en bloques al azar, en esquema factorial 2×2, con cinco réplicas, dos niveles ausencia y presencia del consorcio ME-50® y su combinación con la no aplicación y aplicación de FitoMas-E. Los efectos de los bioestimulantes se observaron en los parámetros de i) crecimiento: hojas por planta, área foliar y la masa seca y ii) productivos: número de vainas por planta, granos por vaina, masa de 100 granos y el rendimiento. Los resultados revelaron que la aplicación conjunta de ambos bioestimulantes fue más eficiente en el aumento del crecimiento y la productividad, que la aplicación individual y la no aplicación de bioestimulantes, al incrementar el rendimiento en 10 y 71 %, respectivamente. Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que la combinación entre el ME-50® y el FitoMas-E® constituye una alternativa eficiente, económica y viable, para aumentar la productividad del fríjol en época de siembra tardía.

ABSTRACT The use beneficial of microorganisms jointly with vegetal biostimulants can be an efficient alternative to improve the productivity of beans. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of individual and joined application of the biostimulants ME-50® and FitoMas-E® in the agroproductive increase of the bean in the late sowing season. The research was conducted at the collective farmer "Martires de Taguasco", Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. An experiment was carried out under field conditions with the cultivar ʻVelazco Largoʼ. The treatments were distributed in random blocks, in a 2×2 factorial scheme, with five replications, two levels absence and presence of the ME-50® consortium and its combination with no application and application of FitoMas-E®. The biostimulants effects were observed in i) growth parameters: leaves per plant, leaf area and dry mass; ii) production parameters: number of pods per plant, grains per pod, the mass of 100 grains and yield. The results revealed that the joint application of both biostimulants was more efficient in increasing growth and productivity than the individual application and the non-application of biostimulants, due to the yield increase of 10 and 71 %, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the join application between ME-50® and FitoMas-E® constitutes an efficient, economical and viable alternative to increase bean productivity in the late sowing season.

Effects of nurse-led stress inoculation training on fear of self-injecting and self-testing in elderly type 2 diabetic patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of nurse-led stress inoculation training on fear of self-injecting and self-testing and self-management behaviors in elderly type 2 diabetic patients and provide reference for diabetes nursing care.Methods:A total of 110 elderly type 2 diabetic patients of Department of Endocrinology of Hainan People′s Hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were divided into experimental group and control group according to odd and even numbers, with 55 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing care, while the experimental group implemented nurse-led stress inoculation training for 4 weeks. The intervention effect was assessed by Diabetes Fear of Injecting and Self-testing Ouestionnaire (D-FISQ) and Diabetes self-management behaviors among older (DSMB-O), respectively.Results:In the study, one patient in the experimental group fell off, and finally included 54 cases in the experimental group and 55 cases in the control group. After intervention, the fear of self-injecting scores, fear of self-testing scores, and total D-FISQ scores were 13.15 ± 3.02, 15.67 ± 3.59 and 28.81 ± 5.08 in the experimental group, significantly lower than those in the control group (15.25 ± 3.18, 17.56 ± 3.92 and 32.82 ± 4.89), the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.55, 2.63, 4.19, P<0.05). Active exercises, current medication, blood glucose monitoring, dealing with problem, active response, reducing risks scores and total DSMB-O scores were 2.39 ± 0.49, 2.39 ± 0.49, 2.20 ± 0.81, 4.41 ± 0.92, 4.70 ± 1.13, 5.06 ± 0.79 and 25.28 ± 2.57 in the experimental group, significantly higher than those in the control group (3.95 ± 0.85, 2.11 ± 0.85, 1.51 ± 0.50, 3.95 ± 0.78, 4.13 ± 1.43, 4.38 ± 1.16 and 22.09 ± 2.24), the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 2.10-6.90, P<0.05). Conclusions:Nurse-led stress inoculation training can effectively alleviate fear of self-injecting and self-testing and promote self-management behaviors of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Recommendations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination in renal transplant recipients / 中华器官移植杂志

As novel coronavirus infection has become a major public health problem affecting human health, vaccination is the most effective means of preventing novel coronavirus infection.Therefore, besides implementing regular epidemic prevention and control, it has become the consensus of international community for effective prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection through accelerating the speed of novel coronavirus vaccination, expanding the scope of vaccination and improving public vaccination rate.Kidney transplant recipients are at an elevated risk of novel coronavirus infection.This population has been in a low immune state for a long time.Thus there are problems such as reduced immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccine, selection and use of vaccine and breakthrough of infection.Based upon the published international and domestic data, this paper serves as a practical reference for clinicians and healthcare workers to provide consultations to kidney transplant recipients about the administration of novel coronavirus vaccine.

Wooden sticks for plaque streaking and microbiological inoculation might be more cost- effective, but is its large scale use feasible? Quality control methods and proof of concept / Métodos de controle de qualidade e prova de conceito para a utilização de palitos de madeira em microbiologia podem ser mais econômicas, mas seu uso em larga escala é viável? Método de controle de qualidade e prova de conceito

The loop is a material classically used in the laboratory for the purpose of plate streaking and handling biological materials. However, metal loops techniques might be time consuming, considering the amount of time spent to guarantee its cooling process through each inoculation. Furthermore, plastic loops may also represent environmental issues during its production and discard process and can also represent higher costs for the laboratory. Thus, in situations of limited resources, even the simplest materials can be restricted due to logistical and budgetary issues, especially in developing countries. Inspired by demands like these, facing an occasional shortage of supply of laboratory plastic handles, we hereby present a quality control for sterilization methods and cost-effectiveness studies towards the use of wooden sticks in a Latin American country and we discuss the possibility of the large-scale use of this technique.

A alça calibrada é um material usado classicamente em laboratório para fins de inoculação em placas e manuseio de materiais biológicos. No entanto, as técnicas de alças metálicas podem consumir muito tempo, considerando a quantidade de tempo gasto para garantir seu processo de resfriamento a cada inoculação. Além disso, alças de plástico também podem representar questões ambientais durante o processo de produção e descarte e também podem representar custos mais altos para o laboratório. Assim, em situações de recursos limitados, até os materiais mais simples podem ser restringidos devido a questões logísticas e orçamentárias, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Inspirados por demandas como essas, diante de uma escassez ocasional de suprimentos de alças de plástico de laboratório, apresentamos um controle de qualidade para métodos de esterilização e estudos de custo-efetividade para o uso de varas de madeira em um país latino-americano e discutimos a possibilidade de grande uso em escala dessa técnica.

A new focus of spotted fever caused by Rickettsia parkeri in Brazil

ABSTRACT Spotted fever (SF) is a tick-borne zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Rickettsia . The disease varies in severity from mild clinical forms to severe cases. In Brazil, Rickettsia rickettsii SF is the most serious rickettsiosis and can result in death if not diagnosed and treated at the onset of symptoms. The SF mild form is caused by Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic Rainforest, and this etiological agent has been reported in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions of the country, in areas of preserved or little antropized Atlantic Rainforest. Amblyomma ovale is the proven vector and dogs are the hosts associated with the bioagent cycle. During a SF case investigation in Paraty municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, an Atlantic Rainforest biome area in Southeastern Brazil, the human pathogen R. parkeri strain Atlantic Rainforest was detected by PCR in a sample of human skin inoculation eschar and in a female A. ovale tick collected from a dog. These results expand the known area of occurrence of this mild form rickettsiosis in Brazil. In addition, the results of the present study indicate the importance of implementing programs to control canine ectoparasites and to raise awareness of the risks of infection, signs and symptoms of SF caused by R. parkeri strain Atlantic Rainforest.

Wooden sticks for plaque streaking and microbiological inoculation might be more cost- effective, but is its large scale use feasible? Quality control methods and proof of concept

Abstract The loop is a material classically used in the laboratory for the purpose of plate streaking and handling biological materials. However, metal loops techniques might be time consuming, considering the amount of time spent to guarantee its cooling process through each inoculation. Furthermore, plastic loops may also represent environmental issues during its production and discard process and can also represent higher costs for the laboratory. Thus, in situations of limited resources, even the simplest materials can be restricted due to logistical and budgetary issues, especially in developing countries. Inspired by demands like these, facing an occasional shortage of supply of laboratory plastic handles, we hereby present a quality control for sterilization methods and cost-effectiveness studies towards the use of wooden sticks in a Latin American country and we discuss the possibility of the large-scale use of this technique.

Resumo A alça calibrada é um material usado classicamente em laboratório para fins de inoculação em placas e manuseio de materiais biológicos. No entanto, as técnicas de alças metálicas podem consumir muito tempo, considerando a quantidade de tempo gasto para garantir seu processo de resfriamento a cada inoculação. Além disso, alças de plástico também podem representar questões ambientais durante o processo de produção e descarte e também podem representar custos mais altos para o laboratório. Assim, em situações de recursos limitados, até os materiais mais simples podem ser restringidos devido a questões logísticas e orçamentárias, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Inspirados por demandas como essas, diante de uma escassez ocasional de suprimentos de alças de plástico de laboratório, apresentamos um controle de qualidade para métodos de esterilização e estudos de custo-efetividade para o uso de varas de madeira em um país latino-americano e discutimos a possibilidade de grande uso em escala dessa técnica.

Wooden sticks for plaque streaking and microbiological inoculation might be more cost- effective, but is its large scale use feasible? Quality control methods and proof of concept / Métodos de controle de qualidade e prova de conceito para a utilização de palitos de madeira em microbiologia podem ser mais econômicas, mas seu uso em larga escala é viável? Método de controle de qualidade e prova de conceito

The loop is a material classically used in the laboratory for the purpose of plate streaking and handling biological materials. However, metal loops techniques might be time consuming, considering the amount of time spent to guarantee its cooling process through each inoculation. Furthermore, plastic loops may also represent environmental issues during its production and discard process and can also represent higher costs for the laboratory. Thus, in situations of limited resources, even the simplest materials can be restricted due to logistical and budgetary issues, especially in developing countries. Inspired by demands like these, facing an occasional shortage of supply of laboratory plastic handles, we hereby present a quality control for sterilization methods and cost-effectiveness studies towards the use of wooden sticks in a Latin American country and we discuss the possibility of the large-scale use of this technique.

A alça calibrada é um material usado classicamente em laboratório para fins de inoculação em placas e manuseio de materiais biológicos. No entanto, as técnicas de alças metálicas podem consumir muito tempo, considerando a quantidade de tempo gasto para garantir seu processo de resfriamento a cada inoculação. Além disso, alças de plástico também podem representar questões ambientais durante o processo de produção e descarte e também podem representar custos mais altos para o laboratório. Assim, em situações de recursos limitados, até os materiais mais simples podem ser restringidos devido a questões logísticas e orçamentárias, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Inspirados por demandas como essas, diante de uma escassez ocasional de suprimentos de alças de plástico de laboratório, apresentamos um controle de qualidade para métodos de esterilização e estudos de custo-efetividade para o uso de varas de madeira em um país latino-americano e discutimos a possibilidade de grande uso em escala dessa técnica.

Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a strategy to improve annatto (Bixa orellana L. ) growth

This study aimed to assess the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in annatto (Bixa orellana L.) cultivars and their response to AMF inoculation using biometric parameters. The occurrence surveys were conducted in annatto fields in three municipalities from Pernambuco Forest Zone: Lagoa de Itaenga, Gloria de Goitá, and Vitoria de Santo Antão, and in four cultivars (Red Piave, Green Piave, Red Peruvian Paulista, and Green Peruvian Paulista). In a greenhouse, biometric parameters of annatto seedlings of Red Piave, Red Peruvian Paulista, Embrapa-36, and Embrapa-37 cultivars inoculated with AMF isolated from annatto fields. The Red Piave cultivar exhibited greater root colonization than the Green Peruvian Paulista in the Lagoa de Itaenga and Vitoria de Santo Antão municipalities. The cultivar Red Piave showed a more beneficial association with AMF in plants and soil than cultivar Green Peruvian Paulista did, in both Lagoa de Itaenga and Vitoria de Santo Antão. AMF inoculation was effective in promoting the growth of annatto plants, particularly those inoculants with S. heterogama and C. etunicatum.

SARS-CoV-2 Modelo de Inoculación en la Cavidad Oral. Revisión de la Literatura / SARS-CoV-2 Model of Inoculation in the Oral Cavity. Literature Review

RESUMEN: El virus SARS-CoV-2 ingresa al organismo de un individuo susceptible a través de la cavidad oral, nasal o de la mucosa conjuntival; busca ensamblarse por medio de su glicoproteína de superficie o espiga con los receptores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 que en boca los encontramos con mayor expresión en las células escamosas que recubren el epitelio lingual y las glándulas salivales, una vez que ingresa por medio de la activación de proteasas ingresa a la célula huésped para denudar su RNA viral, a diferencia de otros virus no necesita ir hasta el núcleo de tal forma que en el citoplasma inicia su replicación y utiliza los ribosomas del huésped para formar una gran cantidad de proteínas virales tanto estructurales como accesorias que le permita formar nuevos viriones potencialmente infecciosos; los estomatólogos deben tomar en cuenta esta vía de infección y extremar las medidas para disminuir su carga viral local en la cavidad oral y las barreras físicas de protección para el operador, el paciente y la ergonomía del consultorio.

ABSTRACT: SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the body of a susceptible individual through oral, nasal or conjunctival mucosa, seeking to bind to the spike glycoprotein surface through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors. These are found in the mouth with a higher expression in oral squamous cells that cover the lingual epithelium and salivary glands. Once proteolytic activation begins, it enters the host cell to denudate its viral RNA. In contrast with other viruses, it does not require nucleus access, and therefore replicates in the cytoplasm using the host's ribosomes to produce great amounts of both structural and accessory viral proteins. Since this generates new and potentially infectious virions, dentists must consider this route of infection and take extreme measures to decrease their viral load in the oral cavity. Physical protection barriers for the operator, the patient and the health and safety of the work place are critical in these cases.

Multiple Effect of Different Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms on Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) Crop

Abstract We evaluated the effect of combined Rhizobium tropici, Trichoderma asperellum and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in beans crop. The hypothesis that strains of T. asperullum, R. tropici and PGPR combined could improve growth, biomass accumulation and beans yield was tested under greenhouse and field conditions. The treatments consisted of control, mineral nitrogen application and inoculation, isolated and associated with the following microorganisms: Rhizobium tropici, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma asperellum and Burkholderia sp. 10N6. Results were evaluated by shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW), number of nodules and yield components. In greenhouse environment all the microorganisms behaved similarly, and the treatments inoculated with Burkholderia sp. 10N6 (IBu) and R. tropici (IR) stood out regarding the production components. In field conditions the treatments IR and IRTBa presented the highest values of SDW and RDW. Our results suggest that inoculation with R. tropici, T. asperellum and PGPR may promote beans growth and bring benefits to shoot and root accumulation, increase the number of nodules as well as improve yield components, contributing to a sustainable agriculture.