RESUMO
Objectives To learn the bednet use and influential factors among Wa and Lahu ethnics,and further to explore feasible ways of promoting the use of bednets and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Methods Questionnaire surveys and statistical analysis with EpiInfo 2000 software package were carried out. Results Only did 2.8% [95% confidence intervals(95%CI):1.2%-5.4%] of Wa and 4.8 % (95%CI:2.8%-8.1%) of Lahu ethnic members use bednets frequently or sometimes. Bednets were not available for 67.7% (95% CI:62.0%-73.1%) of Wa and 59.7% (95% CI:53.1%- 66.1%) of Lahu ethnic peoples. Most people who had bednets did not often use them for anti-mosquitoes. Results of multivariate logistic regression confirmed significant correlation between bednet use and knowledge of malaria prevention. Conclusion The coverage and use rates are very low in the two ethnical minorities. Health education, communication and social marketing are the strategies for promoting the usage of bednet and ITNs.
RESUMO
Objective To analyze malaria situation and evaluate the effect of control program in Henan Province during 1990-2005. Methods Data were collected and analyzed on the measures and effects of malaria control, vector surveillance, blood examination for cases with fever and serological surveillance in the province during 1990-2005. Results In the 16 years, a total of 802 700 people were given pre-transmission season treatment with chloroquine and primaquine for a radical cure of vivax malaria, chemoprophylaxis was given to 764 300 people at high risk during the transmission season, treatment or presumptive treatment was given to 43 891 cases. 11 216 100 cases with fever were tested and 11 213 (0.10%) were found positive accounting for 29.01% (11 213/338 654) of all malaria cases. A total of 1 332 800 bed nets were treated with insecticide and 1 999 300 people were protected in 1990-1992 and 1996-1999. 34 846 residents including pupils were tested with IFAT in 1990-2000 and 1149 (3.30%) were positive. The parasite rate amongst 71 234 local residents including pupils was 0.40% (286/71 234). The principal transmitting vectors were Anopheles sinensis and An.anthropophagus. The man-biting habit for An. sinensis and An.anthropophagus was 0.060 8 and 0.314 3 respectively, and the vectorial capacity of An.anthropophagus was 22.4 times higher than that of An.sinensis. In this period, 38 654 malaria cases were reported in the province and the annual malaria incidence was 2.62 per hundred thousand, the lowest annual incidence was in 1992 (0.37 per hundred thousand). 70.05% (27 076/38 654) of these malaria cases were from areas where An. anthropophagus was present. Conclusions In general, the malaria control activities have been effective and the epidemiological situation kept stable in Henan Province, although in some areas the situation is unstable and outbreak spots or focal epidemics occur.