RESUMO
Resumen Estudiar los problemas de comportamiento en los niños resulta complejo y más aún si presentan discapacidad intelectual, ya que se involucran diversos factores etiológicos: contextuales, genéticos, familiares, interaccionales; algunos de ellos pueden ser causa por sí mismos de psicopatología o aumentar el riesgo de psicopatología. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron identificar problemas emocionales y de comportamiento en niños de 6 y 11 años con discapacidad intelectual de diferentes niveles socioeconómico (NSE) de Tucumán, Argentina. Segundo, analizar comportamientos internalizantes y externalizantes en niños con discapacidad intelectual y analizar si existen diferencias en los problemas emocionales y de comportamiento en función del contexto socioeconómico de los niños. Los hallazgos del presente estudio se relacionan con una mayor problemática comportamental y emocional en niños con discapacidad intelectual moderada referida a problemas de atención, sociales y de retraimiento. Además se encontró mayor problemática emocional en niños con discapacidad intelectual de niveles socioeconómico bajo de Tucumán.
Abstract Studying behavioral problems in children is complex, especially if they have an intellectual disability. The aetiology of such problems is diverse: context, genetics, family and interaction, and some of these factors can be themselves a cause of psychopathology or increase its risk. The aims were: to identify emotional and behavioural problems in 6-to-11-year-old children with intellectual disability from different socioeconomic levels (SEL) from Tucumán, Argentina; to analyse internalizing and externalizing behaviour in children with intellectual disability; and to analyse whether there were differences in emotional and behavioural problems depending on the children's SEL. The findings of this study can be related to greater emotional and behavioural problems in children who have a moderate intellectual disability associated with attention, shyness and social problems. In addition, greater emotional problems were found in children with intellectual disability of low socioeconomic levels from Tucumán.
RESUMO
RESUMO: este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos de um programa de ensino de Futsal para jovens e adultos com DI, centrado nas perspectivas táticas de ensino de jogos esportivos e coletivos (JEC), no desempenho das ações de jogo. A amostra foi composta por 11 alunos com DI, com idade entre 18 e 40 anos. Foram realizadas 30 intervenções, sendo ministradas duas aulas por semana com duração de 1h20min cada. Para análise dos dados foram realizadas filmagens de jogos formais com duração de oito minutos cada, antes e após o programa de intervenção, observando o número de execução das seguintes ações de jogo: progressão e/ou drible, passe, finalização, opção de passe, marcação atrás da bola, marcação individual, marcação atrasada - consideradas ações positivas - e finalização rifada, passe rifado, não atacar e não marcar - consideradas ações negativas. Como resultado, pode-se verificar que 9 alunos apresentaram maior número de ações ao término do programa, assim como aumento no número das ações positivas, enquanto apenas 2 alunos apresentaram frequência das ações de jogo semelhantes antes e após as intervenções. Como conclusão, acredita-se que um programa contextualizado nos JEC de invasão, sistematizado com base em um modelo de jogo que atenda as demandas dos alunos, abordando os conteúdos a partir das perspectivas táticas de ensino dos JEC, pode constituir um cenário bastante interessante para essa população.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of a Futsal education program for young adults and adults with ID, centered on teaching tactical proposals through Collective Sports Games, on the game actions performance. The sample was composed of 11 individuals with ID, aged between 18 and 40 years. The program was conducted over 30 classes, with 2 classes per week, each lasting 1 hour and 20 minutes. For purposes of data analysis, formal games, lasting 8 minutes during pre-intervention and post-intervention were video recorded, observing the frequency of the following game actions: moving forward with the ball and/or dribbling, passing the ball to other teammate, kicking towards the goal, positioning in pitch so as to be an option to receive a pass, marking between the forwards and the goal, man-to-man marking, late marking - all these classified as positive actions - and kicking the ball with no direction, making a pass with no direction, not attacking and not marking - all these were classified as negative. As a result, at the end of the program, it could be noted that 9 individuals showed an increase in frequency of actions, whereas only 2 individuals showed similar frequency of actions both before and after intervention, which means an enhance in the game engagement, as well as an increased number of positive actions. In conclusion, it is believed that a program based on strategic/tactical game model that meet the individuals' demands and that address content derived from tactical viewpoints of CSGs teaching can be a rather interesting scenario for this population.
RESUMO
La discapacidad es una realidad humana percibida de manera diferente en diferentes períodos históricos y civilizaciones. El término, de uso frecuente, se refiere al funcionamiento individual e incluye discapacidad físico-motora, sensorial, visceral,cognitiva o intelectual, y discapacidad psíquica o mental. Objetivos: Identificar las frecuencias de los distintos tipos de discapacidad, así como las principales causas que la originaron. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de todas las personas con discapacidaden el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia,identificadas en el marco de la Misión Solidaria del ALBA Moto Méndez.Resultados: La discapacidad físicomotor, seguido de la intelectual,auditiva y la visual, fueron las más frecuentes,y las causas postnatales predominaronen el 63.3 por ciento de los casos, seguido delas prenatales.Conclusiones: Los accidentes constituyeron un serio problemasocial como factor postnatal.
Disability is a human reality perceived differently in different historical periods and civilizations. The following types of disabilities are described: intellectual, physical-motor, sensory, visceral, and psychological or mental. Objective: To identify the frequencies of the different types of disabilities as well as the main causes that led to it. Methods: A descriptive study of all people with disabilities in the State of Bolivia was performed, identified in the framework of Mision Solidaria del ALBA Moto Mendez. Results: Motor physical disability, followed by intellectual, auditory and visual, were the most frequent types, and postnatal causes predominated in 63.3 percent of cases, followed by prenatal. Conclusion: Accidents were a serious social problem as postnatal factor.