Multiple mediating effects of social participation and social support on the physical and mental health of the community-dwelling elderly / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the status and influencing factors of activities of daily living (ADL), anxiety and depression of the community-dwelling elderly, and to explore the mediating effect of social support and social participation on ADL, anxiety and depression.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted from July to October 2022, among 637 residents over 60 years old registered in the Community Health Service Center of Taiyuan Economic and Technological Development Zone selected by simple random sampling method. The general information questionnaire, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, Anxiety Self-assessment Scale, Depression Self-assessment Scale, Social Support Scale, and Social Participation Scale were used in the survey. The dichotomous logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of disability, anxiety, and depression of the elderly. Structural equation modeling was used to verify the mediating effects of social participation and social support on the ADL and mental health status in the elderly.Results:The disability rate of the elderly in the community was 42.9%(258/602). Age( OR=2.87-4.91), acute disease attack in the last three months( OR=2.03),poor economic status( OR=2.39), impaired social participation ability( OR=4.07, 11.75) and low level of social support( OR=2.37) were risk factors for disability of the elderly in the community. The incidence of anxiety symptoms was 22.7%(137/602). The risk factors of anxiety were having more than one chronic disease ( OR=2.24), poor economic status ( OR=2.27), mild and intermediate impairment of social participation ability( OR=6.97, 180.43)and low level of social support( OR=2.04). The incidence of depressive symptoms was 19.4%(117/602). The risk factors of depression were acute disease attack in the past three months ( OR=1.90), loneliness in the past three months ( OR=2.17), impaired social participation ( OR=4.17) and low level of social support ( OR=3.90). The direct effect of ADL on mental health was 0.204 (Bootstrap 95% CI:0.081-0.330), accounting for 34.58% of the total effect. The mediating effects of social participation and social support on ADL and mental health were 0.343 (Bootstrap 95% CI:0.274-0.418) and 0.042 (Bootstrap 95% CI:0.015-0.075) respectively, accounting for 58.13% and 7.12% of the total effect. Conclusions:Social support and social participation are not only the common influencing factors of ADL, anxiety and depression of the community-dwelling elderly, but also have a mediating effect on ADL and mental health. Promoting the social participation of the community-dwelling elderly and increasing social support can improve both ADL and mental health for them.

Análisis del Papel de los Intermediarios en el Mercado Agrícola Tradicional. Caso de Estudio Antioquia, Colombia / Analysis of the Role of Intermediaries in the Traditional Agricultural Market. Case Study Antioquia, Colombia / Análise do Papel dos Intermediários no Mercado Agrícola Tradicional. Estudo de Caso Antioquia, Colômbia

Resumen: Introducción: En este trabajo se analiza la participación de los intermediarios en el mercado agrícola tradicional de frutas y hortalizas en fresco en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia; sus resultados sirven de apoyo para explicar las relaciones entre intermediarios con productores, consumidores y otros intermediarios. Objetivo: es analizar el papel de los intermediarios y su poder de negociación; a fin de explorar las diferentes interacciones, condiciones del sistema y las ventajas y desventajas, se analiza las similitudes que presentan algunos intermediarios de plazas de mercado. Materiales y métodos: para ello se realizó entrevistas y un cuestionario estructurado a 26 intermediarios ubicados en 13 municipios de las 9 subregiones de Antioquia, adicionalmente se realizaron algunos cuestionarios a intermediarios de tiendas de barrio, consumidores y productores para contrastar diferentes puntos de vista; a la información obtenida se le realizó análisis de conglomerados, análisis multivariado, comparación de varias muestras y análisis de componentes principales. Resultados: arrojaron que los intermediarios eliminan fronteras de negociación definiendo criterios de comercio, tienen gran participación tanto en procedencia como en oferta y presentan similitudes entre una zona y otra que no precisamente corresponden a proximidades geográficas. Conclusión: En suma, frente a la alta participación de estos agentes en las cadenas de suministro de alimentos, son ellos quienes aprovechan las fallas y dinámicas del sistema para definir reglas de negociación cuando están en su rol de vendedores a otros intermediarios o cuando están en el rol de compradores a productores.

Abstract Introduction: This paper analyzes the participation of intermediaries in the traditional agricultural market for fresh fruits and vegetables in the department of Antioquia, Colombia; their results serve as support to explain the relationships between intermediaries with producers, consumers, and other intermediaries. Objective: is to analyze the role of intermediaries and their bargaining power; In order to explore the different interactions, system conditions and the advantages and disadvantages, the similarities that some marketplace intermediaries presents are analyzed. Materials and methods: For this purpose, interviews and a structured questionnaire were conducted with 26 intermediaries located in 13 municipalities of the 9 subregions. From Antioquia; additionally, some questionnaires were made to intermediaries of neighborhood stores, consumers and producers to contrast different points of view. The information obtained was subjected to a cluster analysis, multivariate analysis, comparison of several samples and an analysis of main components. Results: showed that intermediaries eliminate negotiation borders by defining trade criteria, they have a large participation both in origin and on offer and show similarities between area and area that do not precisely correspond to geographical proximity. Conclusion: In sum, given the high participation of these agents in the food supply chains, it is they who take advantage of the failures and dynamics of the system to define negotiation rules when they are in their role as sellers to other intermediaries or when they are in the role from buyers to producers.

Resumo Introdução: Este artigo analisa a participação dos intermediários no mercado agrícola tradicional de frutas e verduras frescas no departamento de Antioquia, Colômbia; seus resultados servem de suporte para explicar as relações entre intermediários com produtores, consumidores e outros intermediários. Objetivo: é analisar o papel dos intermediários e seu poder de barganha; A fim de explorar as diferentes interações, condições do sistema e as vantagens e desvantagens, são analisadas as semelhanças que alguns intermediários de mercado apresentam. Materiais e métodos: para o efeito, foram realizadas entrevistas e um questionário estruturado com 26 intermediários localizados em 13 municípios das 9 sub-regiões. de Antioquia, adicionalmente, alguns questionários foram feitos a intermediários de lojas de bairro, consumidores e produtores para contrastar diferentes pontos de vista. Resultados: Sobre as informações obtidas foram realizadas uma análise de conglomerado, uma análise multivariada, uma comparação de várias amostras e uma análise de componentes principais, e os resultados mostraram que os intermediários eliminam as fronteiras da negociação definindo critérios comerciais, eles têm uma grande participação tanto na origem como em oferta e mostram semelhanças entre uma área e outra que não correspondem exatamente à proximidade geográfica. Conclusão: Em suma, dada a alta participação desses agentes nas cadeias de abastecimento de alimentos, são eles que se aproveitam das falhas e da dinâmica do sistema para definir regras de negociação quando estão na função de vendedores para outros intermediários ou quando estão em o papel dos compradores aos produtores.

El rol del terapeuta ocupacional: la inclusión laboral y la Ley 21 015 en Chile / Role of the occupational therapist: the labour inclusion and Law 21 015 in Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde la terapia ocupacional se identifica una serie de labores imprescindibles en la intermediación laboral de personas en situación de discapacidad (PeSD). La incorporación de estos elementos, en la Ley chilena N°21.015, es de especial importancia para lograr una inclusión laboral efectiva. OBJETIVO: Relevar el rol que cumplen los terapeutas ocupacionales en la inclusión laboral de PeSD en el marco de la Ley 21.015. MÉTODO: Esta investigación es de tipo cualitativa, específicamente un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo, en el que se utilizó un diseño fenomenológico hermenéutico. La muestra fue no probabilística por redes, en la que se entrevistó a siete terapeutas ocupacionales con experiencia en inclusión laboral de PeSD. RESULTADOS: Los terapeutas ocupacionales reconocen tareas de su rol en cada una de las etapas del proceso de intermediación laboral, las cuales varían según el usuario objetivo del profesional y el origen de la discapacidad de la persona incluida. Los entrevistados consideran que la Ley 21.015 no contempla la mayoría de estas tareas y tampoco establece cuáles son los profesionales capacitados para la realización de este proceso. Los terapeutas ocupacionales justifican la relevancia de su rol en base a la mirada holística que poseen de la persona y el conocimiento especializado de la discapacidad. CONCLUSIONES: La terapia ocupacional es una profesión relevante en todo el proceso de intermediación laboral. Este proceso es una labor que desempeña un equipo transdisciplinario y, en el que, además, es de suma importancia que sea un trabajo intersectorial para que se logren resultados eficaces y satisfactorios.

INTRODUCTION: Due to occupational therapy, a series of essential tasks in the labour intermediation of people with disabilities are identified. The incorporation of the elements listed in the Chilean Law 21.015 is of vital importance to achieve an effective labour inclusion. OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate the role that occupational therapists play in relation to the labour inclusion of people with disabilities, regarding the Law 21.015. METHOD: This is a qualitative investigation, specifically a descriptive and prospective study, in which a hermeneutics phenomological design was used. The sample was not probabilistic in networks, in which seven experienced occupational therapists in labour inclusion of people with disabilities were interviewed RESULTS: Occupational therapists recognized the importance of their role in each stage of the labour intermediation, which varies between the target users of the professional and the origen of the disability of the person. The persons interviewed recognized that most of these tasks are not included in the Law 21.015, nor does it establish which are the qualified professionals for the realization of this process. Based on the holistic view of the person and their specific knowledge about disability, occupational therapists justify the importance of their role. CONCLUSION: The occupational therapist is of vital importance in all the processes involving labour intermediation. The process is carried by a transdisciplinary team, where by effective and satisfactory results are achieved thanks to intersectorial work.

Metódica MEIN para entrenar habilidades metacognitivas en niños de 4 a 6 años: Región Metropolitana de Chile / MEIN methodical to train metacognitive skills in children from 4 to 6 years old: Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile

La Metódica MEIN metacognición infantiles una herramienta psicoeducativa para educadoras de párvulos y básica, que busca favorecer el desarrollo en las edades de 4 a 6 años, entrenando habilidades cognitivas para desarrollar metacognición en edades más avanzadas. Así, tal estrategia hace posible entrenar de una manera peculiar e interactiva, las habilidades cognitivas frente una actividad, a partir de la propia iniciativa del niño/a. El mediador intenciona, significa y acompaña para que el infante sea capaz de idear la estrategia que empleará en su proceso de aprendizaje, y para que a partir de su apropiación transfiera a otros contextos, valorando el desempeño de su construcción. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa mediante un diseño de estudio de casos. El resultado fundamental del estudio demuestra que la Metódica MEIN es un recurso que facilita a la educadora orientar positivamente los procesos cognitivos en un espacio complejo de desarrollo para el entrenamiento temprano de habilidades metacognitivas. Al niño/a le permite actuar libremente con independencia, facilitando la toma de conciencia.

The MEIN methodical -child metacognition is a psychoeducational tool for development, aimed at educators to train cognitive skills in children from 4 to 6 years old so that subjects of more advanced ages can develop metacognition. The MEIN methodical makes it possible to train in a peculiar, interactive way, cognitive abilities in the face of an activity that starts from the children's initiative; the mediator promotes, signifies and accompanies them so that they are able to devise the strategy that they will employ in the learning process, and from their appropriation they transfer to other contexts, so as to value their construction's performance. The methodology used was qualitative through a case study design. The fundamental result of the study shows that the MEIN methodical is a resource that facilitates the educator to positively orient cognitive processes in a complex development space for early training of metacognitive skills. The child is free to act independently, facilitating awareness.

The empathy of university counselors on mediating the perceived demand and helping behavior / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating effect of college counselors' empathy between perceived demand and behavior of helping others. METHODS: Three hundred and eleven college counselors were selected as study subjects by a convenient sampling method. The Perceived Needs Ability Questionnaire,Interpersonal Reactivity Index-C Questionnaire and Helping Behavior Questionnaire were used to assess the perceived needs,empathy ability and helping behavior of college counselors. RESULTS: The score of the empathy ability of college counselors was( 3. 4 ± 0. 4),the median scores of perceived demand ability and helping behavior were 3. 1 and 3. 3 respectively. The perceived demand ability of college counselors was positively correlated with both empathy ability and helping behavior [Spearman rank correlation coefficient( rS) = 0. 25,0. 27,P < 0. 01) ],and empathy ability was positively correlated with helping behavior( rS) = 0. 30,P <0. 01). Empathy ability has partial intermediary effect between perceived demand ability and helping behavior under the circumstances of medium-level dilemma and high-level dilemma,with the ratio of mediating effect to total effect accounting for 14. 6% and 13. 2% respectively. CONCLUSION: The perceive demand ability can directly or indirectly promote the behavior of helping others. Empathy ability plays partial mediating effects between perceived demand ability and helping behavior.

A ciranda do dinheiro / The financial merry-go-round

Os mecanismos do dinheiro são centrais nas nossas sociedades, mas há um profundo desconhecimento de como funcionam. Neste texto introdutório, descrevemos alguns dos mecanismos mais significativos, em particular como se dá a sua apropriação, e como esta apropriação leva a deformações da economia em geral, em particular nesta fase de financeirização do planeta. Terminamos o artigo com referências à globalização financeira e aos paraísos fiscais.

Money plays such an important part in the economy and in our lives, yet the knowledge of its workings is impressively limited. In this short text, we describe some of the more significant mechanisms, particularly concerning who has more access to it, and how this access leads to an overall deformation of our economies, in this era of financial turmoil. We end the paper with a reference to financial globalization and tax havens.

O que muda quando se expande o assalariamento (e em que o debate da Sociologia pode nos ajudar a compreendê-lo)? / What changes with expansion of the wage base (and how can the Sociological debate help understand it)? / Ce qui change lorsqu'on élargit le salariat (et en quoi le débat en Sociologie peut-il nous aider à le comprendre?

Since the second half of the 2000s, Brazil has witnessed a systematic recovery of formal employment, including an important increase in a special form of job relationship, namely indirect employment. This has led to both the expansion of a new management approach to job recruitment and hiring, plus the consolidation of a burgeoning business segment, with new links between client companies and job agencies. Empirical evidence is used in an in-depth analysis of the situation in São Paulo, Brazil's largest market for both formal jobs and work positions through agencies, drawing on data from the RAIS-Migra and PAEP/SP surveys.

Depuis la seconde moitié des années 2000, on observe au Brésil une reprise continue de l'emploi formel comprenant la croissance remarquable d'une forme particulière de relation d'emploi, c'est-à-dire le travail par intermédiation. On élargit ainsi non seulement une autre modalitéde gestion de l'embauche et des contrats de travail, mais on renforce un florissant domaine des affaires d'oú émergent de nouvelles formes d'articulation entre sociétés usagères et médiatrices du travail. Des preuves empiriques approfondissent le cas de São Paulo, le plus grand marché brésilien d'emplois formels, ainsi que de postes par intermédiation, selon des données de la RAIS-Migra et de la PAEP/SP.

Empresariando o trabalho: os agentes econômicos da intermediação de empregos, esses ilustres desconhecidos / Labor as enterprise: employment agencies as obscurely familiar economic middlemen / Gérer le Travail: les agents économiques médiateurs d'emploi, ces illustres inconnus

A new economic sector has burgeoned in the wake of labor deregulation, especially in large metropolises: services specializing in the intermediation of work opportunities. Employment agencies, outsourcing and "temp" companies, and human resources consulting firms have formed a veritable market within the overall labor market. The article aims to analyze this market. The first section draws on the relevant international literature, systematizing the various analytical approaches. The second part conducts a historical analysis of how the job agency market was first established in Brazil. The third section analyzes how this market currently operates, based on the case of São Paulo, Brazil's largest metropolitan labor market in general and largest job agency market in particular. Micro-data for 2001 and 2004 from the RAIS (the official Annual Survey of Information and Salaries) and ethnographic observation in the largest cluster of job agencies provide the basis for the conclusions in the fourth and last section of the article.

À la suite de la flexibilité des relations dans l'emploi et surtout dans les grandes métropoles, un nouveau sécteur économique se développe, celui des services d'entremise des opportunités de travail. Il s'agit d'agences d'emplois, entreprises de sous-traitance et de traval temporaire, conseils en ressources humaines, qui forment un vrai marché dans le marché du travail. Dans cet article, on cherche à en faire l'analyse. Dans la première partie, on examine la littérature internationale sur le sujet, en traçant des voies pour l'analyse. Dans la deuxième, on remonte dans le temps pour voir comment s'est constitué au Brésil un marché de médiation de l'emploi. Dans la troisième, on examine comment opère ce marché, à la lumière du cas de São Paulo, le plus grand marché métropolitain du travail et de la médiation. Des micro-données de la RAIS, résultats de deux surveys (en 2001 et 2004) et de l'observation ethnographique menée dans leur plus grand groupe de médiateurs, contribuent aux conclusions de la quatrième et dernière partie du texte.