Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente, paradigma de la historia y la medicina cubana / Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente, a paradigm of Cuban history and medicine

La vida y obra de algunos hombres y mujeres de la historia de la Medicina, transita a veces, sin artilugios, acompañadas tan solo de la humildad y la sabiduría de estos. Es por ello, que al resumir en breves líneas el tiempo de enseñanzas y heroicidades de estos paradigmas, solo se cumple con el noble objetivo de exponer a las nuevas generaciones la labor realizada por maestros, como lo fue, el Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente. A través de la realización de una revisión histórica de su vida y aportes y con la obtención de los datos por medio de la entrevista, el expediente laboral y académico como fuente primaria, se procesó la información. Los aportes de este internista estuvieron centrados en la especialidad de Medicina interna y en su actividad como líder del Ministerio de Salud Pública en diversos escenarios, pero el mayor de todos fue ser considerado una figura paradigmática de la salud pública. Se concluye que este médico cubano transitó de joven revolucionario y destacado estudiante a profesor de alto reconocimiento en la educación médica y figura inolvidable para todo el que lo conoció, con un merecido puesto entre los grandes de la historia de la Medicina cubana.

The life and work of some men and women in the history of medicine sometimes pass through without any gadgets, accompanied only by their humility and wisdom. That is why, when summarizing in few lines the time of teachings and heroisms of these paradigms, the noble objective of exposing to the new generations the work carried out by teachers such as Dr. Netptali Taquechel Tusiente is fulfilled. A historical review of the life and contributions of the aforementioned doctor was carried out, and the information was processed by obtaining data from interviews as well as from his employment and academic records as a primary source. The contributions of this internist were focused on the specialty of internal medicine as well as on his activity as a leader of the Ministry of Public Health in various settings, but the greatest of all was to be considered as a paradigmatic figure of public health. It is concluded that this Cuban doctor went from being a revolutionary young man and an outstanding student to a highly recognized professor in medical education and an unforgettable figure for all who knew him, with a deserved position among the greats in the history of Cuban medicine.

Correlación clínico-patológica: una simbiosis irremplazable entre internista y patólogo / Clinical-pathological correlation: an unreplaceable symbiosis between the internist and the pathologist

RESUMEN No existen dudas acerca de las dificultades que se presentan para lograr el diagnóstico de algunos pacientes, aún con el mejor uso de la clínica y de los recursos tecnológicos. Hay un porcentaje variable de diagnósticos de entidades nosológicas que por diversas complejidades o asociación de factores a veces requieren confirmación por la autopsia. Pueden citarse múltiples ejemplos de enfermedades descubiertas o esclarecidas, gracias a la autopsia, que tiene en la correlación clínico-patológica un basamento fundamental. Los índices de discrepancia y coincidencia de las causas de muerte entre el diagnóstico clínico y morfológico constituyen de forma indirecta un indicador de calidad de la atención médica prestada. Se estableció como objetivo de investigación describir los principales vínculos histórico-médicos de la correlación clínico-patológica y su vigencia actual. Sin lugar a dudas, a través del método anatomoclínico existe una unión muy necesaria entre internista y patólogo, y que de cuya relación los principales beneficiados siempre serán los pacientes, sus familiares y la sociedad en general (AU).

ABSTRACT There are no doubts on the difficulties arising for arriving to the diagnosis of several patients, even with the best usage of the clinic and the technological resources. There it is a variable percent of diagnoses of hospital entities that, because of diverse complexities or factors association, sometimes require confirmation by autopsy. Multiple examples of diseases discovered or elucidated due to the autopsy could be cited, having a main basement in the clinical-pathological correlation. The indexes of discrepancy and coincidence of death causes between the clinical and morphological diagnoses are, in an indirect way, an indicator of the given medical care. The established research objective was describing the main historic-medical bonds of the clinical-pathological correlation and its current force. Without doubts, there is a very necessary relation between the internist and the pathologist through the anatomoclinical method, and as a result of it, the main benefitted would be always the patients, their relatives and all the society (AU).

Acute medical unit: experience from a tertiary healthcare institution in Singapore

Singapore's healthcare system is under strain from the rising demands of an increasing and ageing population, resulting in delayed specialist care for patients presenting to the emergency department and requiring admission. Acute assessment units have been developed elsewhere but are not well established in local healthcare. Our institution extended our acute medical team to form an acute medical unit (AMU), in which focused internist-led teams are stationed on site to rapidly assess and re-triage patients. All patients (excluding those with very complex conditions) are admitted to the AMU and managed by internists who provide holistic, patient-centric care with better ownership, improved efficiency and less fragmentation. Patients can receive timely access to medical interventions and stable patients can benefit from early supported discharge, anchored by the nursing, allied health and transitional care teams. Given the ageing patient population with multiple comorbidities, this integrated model with exceptional outcomes is highly suitable for Singapore.

Sedea: Prototipo de sistema experto para el diagnóstico de enfermedades autoinmunes de órgano basado en internist / Sedea: Prototype expert system for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases organ based internist

Realizar un buen diagnóstico es vital para el éxito en el tratamiento de una enfermedad, por ello, las herramientas que apoyan el proceso de diagnóstico son de gran interés. Particularmente, los especialistas en inmunología no cuentan con herramientas que apoyen el diagnóstico de enfermedades autoinmunes específicas de órgano. Esto hace que en dicho proceso los especialistas deban acudir a su experiencia y al conocimiento formalizado de esta área de la medicina. Pero cuando dicho conocimiento no está a la mano o simplemente no se cuenta con la experiencia, el diagnóstico presenta complicaciones que seguramente repercutirán en la salud del paciente. Desde las TI se han realizado diferentes intentos por colaborar en la tarea de diagnóstico, generalmente con la construcción de Sistemas Expertos que modelan el conocimiento de los especialistas ante circunstancias determinadas. Este trabajo plantea la creación de un prototipo de Sistema Experto para el Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Autoinmunes específicas de órgano SEDEA, el cual integra el conocimiento clínico con el modelo descriptivo ofrecido por Internist, a través de una ontología que permite manejar los diferentes conceptos por medio de reglas declaradas en el motor de inferencia de JESS, ofreciendo además interfaces que permiten ingresar y procesar datos con facilidad.

To make a good diagnosis is vital to the successful in the treatment of a disease. Therefore, tools that contribute to more accurate diagnosis are of great interest. Particularly, immunology specialists do not have tools to support the organ-specific autoimmune diseases diagnosis process. This makes that during this process, specialists must resort to their experience and to the formalized knowledge of this medicine area. But when the knowledge is not at hand or simply no one has the experience, the diagnosis presents complications which will surely impact on the patient’s health. Different efforts to collaborate in diagnostic task has been made from the IT field; generally in the building of Experts Systems that model the specialist knowledge to certain conditions. This paper proposes the creation of an Expert System prototype for the Diagnostic of organ-specific Autoimmune diseases SEDEA, which not only integrates the clinical knowledge with the Internist descriptive model through an ontology that allows to handle the different concepts using rules declared in the JESS inference engine, but alsomoffers interfaces toeasilyinsert and process data.

Gossypiboma: el sempiterno problema de los cuerpos extraños retenidos y el privilegio del internista / Gossypiboma: the always present problem of surgical strange object`s retention and the internis` privilege

La retención de objetos quirúrigicos o cuerpos extraños durante un acirugía, es un problema ampliamente reconocido en el sistema de atención de la salud. Causa daño a los pacientes, proveedores, hospitales, comunidades y al sistema de atención dela salud como todo. También resulta en gastos inncesarios. La retención de objetos quirúrgicos es un problema totalmente evitable. Se presenta el caso de una mujer diabética que presentó una parálisis incompleta tercer nervio central y durante la explotación física integral, privilegio del internista, se encontró un tumor abdominal asintomátco. La tomografía computarizada fue compatible con una retención de objetos quirurgicos. Este artículo exmina los factores de riesgo para que ocurra la retención, examina los métodos actuales de prevención y los estudios de las nuevas tecnologías que se han desarrollado para evitar este error médico

The retention of surgical objects is a widely recognized problem within the health care system. It causes harm to patients, providers, hospitals, communities, and to the health care system as a whole. It also results in needless expense. The retention of surgical objects is a problem completely preventable. We presented the case of a diabetic woman who presented with incomplete third nerve palsy and incidentally, as an internist`s privilege, an asymptomatic abdominal tumor was clinicaly found. The computarized tomography scan was compatible with a retention of surgical objects. This article reviews the risk factors for retention of surgical objects, examines the current methods of prevention, and surveys the new technologies that have been developed to prevent this medical error

Definición actual de la medicina interna y el internista / A consensus definition of internal medicine and the internist

Internal Medicine is a basic clinical specialty in Medicine, but due to it’s vast field of action it is quite difficult to define. This consensus article analyzes different definitions and proposes a current definition while analyzing several aspects of the specialty along with its strengths and weaknesses. We propose to define Internal Medicine as a clinical specialty devoted to the comprehensive care of adults, from adolescence to senility, particularly the diagnosis and non surgical treatment as well as primary and secondary prevention of their diseases, in hospital or ambulatory settings. We propose to define Internal Medicine as a clinical specialty devoted to the comprehensive care of adults in hospital or ambulatory settings, from adolescence to end of life, in terms of prevention, diagnosis and non-surgical treatments of disease.

El tumor del internista: Reporte de un caso / The internist's tumour: Case report

El hipernefroma, tumor de Grawits o tumor del internista por la variedad de formas clínicas que hoy podemos identificar y la diversidad de diagnósticos diferenciales, representa el 3 por ciento de los cánceres en el adulto y del 90 al 95 por ciento de los tumores malignos renales primarios. Casi siempre el diagnóstico es hecho por el internista. A propósito de un caso atendido en nuestra sala de clínica se realiza la presentación del mismo. Se precisan formas clínicas que deben tenerse en cuenta. A nuestro criterio la presentación de casos despierta el interés por el conocimiento en beneficio de su aplicación en nuestra practica clínica diaria. Se acompaña de las imágenes de la TAC, momento operatorio e informe anatomopatológico.

The hypernephroma, Grawits tumor or the internist's tumour for the variety of clinical forms that today we can identify and the diversity of differential diagnoses, it represents a 3 percent of the cancers in the adult and about 90 to 95 percent of the malignant renal primary tumours. It represents the 3 percent of the cancers in the adult of 90 and to the 95 percent of the malignant renal primary tumours. Almost always diagnosis is made by the internist. The presentation of the same one comes true in relation to a case catered to at our clinics hall.. They need clinical forms than the doctor in the making and still the specialists must have in bill. To our opinion the presentation of cases is in the interest for the knowledge of doctors in benefit of the application in our practical daily clinic. Accompanies it an imagery of CAT, operative moment and an anatomopatologic report.

Recuperando la identidad del médico internista Al visualizar las competencias profesionales / Recovering the identity of the internist by visualizing professional dexterities

Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura nacional e internacional sobre la medicina interna y la identidad del médico internista con el fin de caracterizar la identidad de este profesional en medicina clínica. Fuente de datos: se inició la búsqueda sistemática de la literatura científica publicada en español y en inglés de los artículos de mayor relevancia, en diferentes bases de datos como Medline, SciELO y otras bases de la biblioteca de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y páginas de asociaciones médicas, además de la revisión de libros sobre el tema. Para tal fin se emplearon los términos médico internista, internista, medicina interna, competencias médico internista. Selección de estudios: se revisaron los títulos y resúmenes para seleccionar las publicaciones originales y las más representativas para el tema de este artículo. Los artículos de revistas se analizaron mediante el programa para análisis cualitativo Atlas. ti (5.0), el cual se utilizó para hacer la lectura interpretativa, con la creación de códigos y familias. Luego en el proceso de elaboración se articularon los aportes de los libros. Conclusión: este artículo recapitula el surgimiento de la medicina interna hacia finales del siglo XIX en Europa, Latinoamérica y Colombia, se construye el concepto de medicina interna como ciencia y arte, las denominaciones que ha recibido el médico internista, las características para llegar a ubicarlas en el contexto de las competencias profesionales, para lo cual se explica el concepto de competencia en educación y competencia profesional. Luego se esbozan las competencias profesionales que han sido estandarizadas por diferentes asociaciones y autores internacionales, los escenarios o ambientes de desempeño y se culmina con algunas reflexiones sobre las exigencias para el siglo XXI, en las que se resalta el profesionalismo (Acta Med Colomb 2010; 35: 143-153).

Objective: to carry out a review of local and international literature about internal medicine and the identity of the internist, with the aim of characterizing the identity of this professional within clinical medicine. Sources of data: a systematic search of relevant scientific literature in Spanish and English was done. Relevant articles were searched in databases such as Medline, SciELO, the library of the National University of Colombia, and websites of medical associations. Books on the subject were also reviewed. The following terms were used: internist, specialist in internal medicine, internal medicine, dexterities of the internist. Selection of studies: titles and abstracts were reviewed in order to select original publications relevant to the subject. Journal articles were analyzed by way of the Atlas. ti (5.0) qualitative analysis program in order to carry out interpretative reading, creating codes and families. Contributions from books were incorporated during the writing process. Conclusion: this article summarizes the development of internal medicine at the end of the 19th century in Europe, Latin America, and Colombia. The concept of internal medicine as science and art is construed, as well as the denominations given to the internist and his characteristics, in order to place them in the context of professional dexterities. The concept of educational and professional dexterity is therefore explained. The professional dexterities that have been standardized by associations and international authors are then outlined, as well as the environments suitable for their development. The paper ends with some reflections on the challenges posed by the 21st century, with an emphasis on professionalism (Acta Med Colomb 2010; 35: 143-153).

Vigencia del internista en el sistema de salud actual: a propósito de una investigación sobre el internista en medicina ambulatoria / Validity of the internist in the current health care system: report of an investigation into the internist in ambulatory medicine

Evaluar el trabajo del Internista en el ambulatorio. Cohortes de población sobre los cuales ejerce su práctica, si los pacientes acuden a su consulta por diferentes tipos de patologías, porcentaje de pacientes que hospitaliza, en qué porcentaje resuelve la o las patologías del paciente sin interconsulta con subspecialista, si su práctica es de índole continua, cuáles son las causas más frecuentes por las cuales es requerido como Consultante en su sitio de trabajo y finalmente si la atención que presta es integral. Se aplicó una encuesta sobre la base de entrevistas contentiva de 7 preguntas. Se aplicó a 50 Internistas, 30 del Distrito Metropolitano de Caracas y 20 del interior del país. El 100% de los entrevistados atiende pacientes desde la adolescencia hasta la senectud. Adolescentes 12%. El 100% de las respuestas señala que los pacientes consultan por muy diversas patologías; solo hospitalizan el 6,16% de los enfermos, resuelven el 79,74 % de los casos, sin interconsultas, un alto porcentaje (86%) de los que remiten al subespecialista vuelven a su control; el 100% de los encuestados fue requerido como consultante. Evaluación Preoperatoria (84%). Diabetes Mellitus (68%), Hipertensión Arterial (46%), enfermedades complejas de difícil diagnóstico (34%) y enfermedades multisistémicas no identificadas (24%) fueron las causas más frecuentes de las interconsultas. En su práctica atienden el paciente, la familia y su relación con la comunidad en un 74% y en 26% su acción se ejerce los dos primeros. Se realiza la discusión del trabajo abordando la relación de la práctica de la Medicina interna y los cuidados primarios tomando en consideración los resultados del trabajo. La incorporación del Internista en los servicios ambulatorios de Venezuela es un importante factor de la práctica médica en nuestro país

To evaluate the Internist’s performance in the ambulatory settiung, which are the age of the patients groups who consult, their pathologies, what is the proportion of them who are hospitalized, which percentage is resolved by the Internist without the consultation with a subspecialist, Also to assess the main causes for his other specialists to ask for the Internist´s consultation and finally, if his practice is a comprehensive one. The survey was applied to fifty Internists (50); 30 of them whose practice is performed in the city of Caracas and 20 who work in other states of the country. 100% of the Internists treated patients from 12 years and older: 12% were adolescents; 100 % of the Internists answers pointed out that the patients consulted because of different pathologies; they hospitalize only 6,16 of the patients; they resolve 79,74 of the pathologies of their patient by themselves , a very high percentage of the patients (86%) that are referred to a subespecialist return to their consultation. These were the causes for consultation: preoperative evaluation (84%), Diabetes Mellitus(68%), Hypertension (46%), Complex diseases of difficult diagnosis (34%), Multisystemic Diseases not identified (24%); 74 % of the Internists are consulted by patients, families and their relation with their community, 24 % of them only see the patient and the family. Internists in Venezuela are an important part of the medical care in the ambulatory setting

Exploration of ways to improve young teachers'teaching ability in teaching hospital / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The teacher training of medical colleges has become a pressing task force.Young doctors should systematically study the educational theory,make positive observation,conduct teaching rounds and share experience,use the Internet,read the literature and pay attention to academic practice to improve clinical teaching ability.

Effects of Postgraduate Training on Quality of Ambulatory Care by Internists / 医学教育

Objective.-To survey a broad sample of Japanese internists regarding the effects of postgraduate training on their ability to provide ambulatory care.<BR>Design.-Analysis of internists trained at university or non-university hospitals (as designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare) by written questionnaire.<BR>Results.-74.0% of respondents (127 in total) had undergone ambulatory care training. 30.7% were trained in outpatient clinic sessions that were held more than once a week on average. 85.8% of respondents said they recognized the differences between ambulatory care and inpatietn care. Furthermore, the percentage of respondents who understood such differences during their postgraduate training periods was higher in the group that had had ambulatory care training than the group that had not. Many respondents also suggested the necessity of training in non-internal medicine specialties (e. g. dermatology, OB-GYN, otolaryngology, orthopedics, urology and ophthalmology) that were not popular postgraduate training programs.<BR>Conclusion.-Postgraduate training had a large effect on the ability of internists to provide ambulatory care. Japanese postgraduate training is still not sufficient in this regard. Residency training programs should put more emphasis on ambulatory care.