Capacitación con aproximación al neuroaprendizaje de salud psicosocial en profesionales peruanos con seguro sanitario: estudio experimental / Training with a psychosocial health neurolearning approach in Peruvian professionals with health insurance: Experimental study

Introducción Los factores de riesgo psicosociales como determinantes de la salud en el trabajo pueden afectar tanto al bienestar físico como al bienestar psíquico del trabajador. En los sistemas de formación que incluyen contenidos cognitivo-preventivos, funcionan mejor cuando la construcción del conocimiento está basada en el neuroaprendizaje. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el grado de procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas (grupo A) versus inserción de frases persuasivas (grupo B), como efecto de una capacitación con aproximación al neuroaprendizaje de la salud psicosocial en el trabajo de un grupo de profesionales con seguro sanitario de la Amazonía peruana. Métodos Diseño experimental con pre/posprueba, que incluyó dos grupos experimentales más un grupo de control: n = 48 sujetos en total, 16 por cada grupo, con edades entre 22 y 36 años. La capacitación se desarrolló entre diciembre de 2018 y enero de 2019 con una duración de 18 horas, espaciadas en seis semanas. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un registro previamente validado por cinco expertos. Resultados La distribución de datos en los grupos fue adecuada tanto en preprueba como en posprueba, excepto en posprueba del grupo B (p = 0,002). En el grupo control los resultados del procesamiento de contenidos, tanto preprueba como en posprueba, se mantuvieron similares (p = 0,667). El procesamiento de contenidos sobre salud psicosocial en el trabajo en posprueba fue significativamente diferente entre los grupos de intervención y el grupo control (p = 0,001), distinguiéndose el procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas. Conclusiones Los resultados indican que la capacitación con aproximación al neuroaprendizaje, puede mejorar el procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas para el cumplimiento de normativas orientadas a promover la salud psicosocial en el trabajo.

Introduction Psychosocial risk factors as determinants of health at work can affect both the physical and psychological well-being of the worker. Training systems that include cognitive-preventive content work best when knowledge construction is based on neurolearning. The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of content processing with the insertion of deterrent (group A) versus persuasive sentences (group B) as an effect of a training with a neurolearning approach to psychosocial health in the work of a group of professionals with health insurance in the Peruvian Amazon. Methods Experimental design with pre-/post-test, including two experimental groups plus a control group, n = 48 subjects in total and 16 per group, aged 22-36 years. The training took place between December 2018 and January 2019 with a duration of 18 hours spaced over six weeks. A register previously validated by five experts was used for data collection. Results The distribution of data in the groups was adequate in both pre-test and post-test, except in post-test in group "B" (p = 0.002). In the control group, the results of content processing in both pre-test and post-test remained similar (p = 0.667). The processing of psychosocial occupational health content in the post-test was significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.001), distinguishing the processing of content with the insertion of deterrent phrases. Conclusions The results indicate that training with a neurolearning approach can improve the processing of content with the insertion of deterrent phrases for compliance with regulations aimed at promoting psychosocial health at work.

Percepción de enfermeros colombianos sobre un entorno laboral saludable para la práctica asistencial en el ámbito hospitalario

Objetivo: Explorar la percepción de enfermeros profesionales colombianos sobre la definición y las principales características de un entorno laboral saludable (ELS) para la práctica asistencial de enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario. Metodología: Estudio de tipo cualitativo descriptivo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a nueve enfermeros profesionales reclutados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas literalmente y codificadas. A través de la organización y estructuración de estos códigos se logró establecer categorías y subcategorías. Resultados: Del análisis de los datos fue posible establecer una definición de entorno laboral saludable y se obtuvieron dos dimensiones (categorías) y diez características principales (subcategorías) del concepto. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de este estudio permiten tener una mejor comprensión acerca de la percepción de los enfermeros colombianos sobre la definición y características esenciales de un ELS para la práctica de enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario. Estos hallazgos aportan al desarrollo de herramientas de medición de los ELS que se ajusten a las condiciones y a la realidad del ejercicio profesional en el ámbito hospitalario colombiano.

Objective: To explore the perception of Colombian professional nurses about the definition and the main characteristics of a healthy work environment (HWE) for nursing care practice in the hospital setting. Methodology: Descriptive qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine professional nurses recruited through non-probabilistic sampling. The interviews were recorded, literally transcribed and coded. Through the organization and structuring of these codes, it was possible to establish categories and subcategories. Results: From the data analysis it was possible to establish a definition of healthy work environment and two dimensions (categories), and 10 main characteristics (subcategories) of the concept were obtained. Conclusions: The findings of this study allow a better understanding of the perception of Colombian nurses about the definition and essential characteristics of an HWE for nursing practice in the hospital setting. These findings contribute to the development of HWE measurement tools that are adjusted to the conditions and reality of professional practice in the Colombian hospital setting.

Implementation of National Leprosy Eradication Programme during COVID-19 era: A qualitative research

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed new challenge to the implementation of the National Leprosy Eradication Programme. According to national data, after lockdown due to COVID-19, there was a 29% reduction in total leprosy cases reported in the first quarter (April-June) of 2020 in comparison to 2019. Objectives: To explore the difficulties faced by different stakeholders of the National Leprosy Eradication Programme like policy makers, doctors, grass root level health workers as well as leprosy patients during COVID-19 pandemic with respect to programme implementation and access to leprosy care. Materials and Methods: Qualitative research was undertaken including two focus-group-discussions held among six leprosy patients diagnosed after lockdown and nine ASHA workers as well as six in-depth interviews of doctors, leprologists, and programme managers. Ethics committee approval was sought and informed consent was obtained from all participants. All focus-group-discussions were electronically recorded and the in-depth interviews telephonically recorded, transcribed and translated from Bengali-to-English. Transcripts were separately coded by researchers and thematically analysed with the help of Visual-Anthropac software version 1.0. Results: Solitary focus on COVID-19 control, capacity building and information, education and communication, leprosy case search & surveillance, co-infection among health workers, transportation issues were the themes explored from focus-group-discussions of health workers and ASHA workers. Similarly, the present study identified six themes from in-depth interviews of programme manager, leprologists, programme manager as diagnostic difficulty, operational issues, rehabilitation issues, capacity building & information education and communication activities and way forward. Limitations: The research reveals the perceptions of rural population of Eastern India with high leprosy prevalence, which might not be applicable for urban areas or low prevalent districts Conclusion: The solitary focus of the administration towards COVID and shifting the infrastructure and human resource only towards the management of COVID can lead to resurgence of the leprosy. Having an organised framework of operations, catering to the need of the front-line workers in rendering services, utilizing the digital platform and social media, and focusing on rehabilitation would be needed to overcome the crisis

A cross-sectional survey on burden of caregivers of pediatric leukemia patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India

Background: Care giving of children with leukemia involves considerable stress and anxiety on the part of family caregivers. Although caregivers’ burden is a crucial predictor of the health of both the child and the caregiver, it is often overlooked. Aim and Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the burden faced by caregivers of pediatric leukemia patients attending a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal, to elicit their sociodemographic characteristics and patients’ profile, and to find out relationship among these, if any. Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive observational type with cross-sectional design. It was conducted among caregivers of pediatric leukemia patients. Data were collected from 38 caregivers using predesigned, pretested, semi-structured schedule, and patients’ records. Burden was measured using Zarit Burden Interview, which is a 22 item 5-point Likert scale. Data were compiled and analyzed in Microsoft Excel and Statistical Software for the Social Sciences 20.0 for statistical analysis. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were expressed as number, percentages, mean, and standard deviations. To find out the association between different factors and caregiver burden, a logistic regression model was used. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Majority of the caregivers were the mothers of the patients (68.42%), and most of the families of caregivers belonged to lower middle class according to modified BG Prasad Scale. Half of the caregivers (50%) experienced moderate–to-severe burden according to Zarit Burden Interview. Association was found between burden experienced and duration of disease and treatment. However, socioeconomic status was found to be the most significant determinant of burden as per multiple logistic regression by ENTER method. Conclusions: Majority of the caregivers were having moderate to severe and severe burden, which was significantly more among people coming from lower socioeconomic status. Prolonged disease duration and treatment were also found to be associated with increased burden of the caregivers.

Investigaciones cualitativas en salud pública publicadas en revistas biomédicas colombianas entre el 2011 y el 2021 / Qualitative public health research published in Colombian biomedical journals between 2011 and 2021

Introducción. La investigación cualitativa busca comprender el sentido y la perspectiva de los individuos e indaga teniendo en cuenta el contexto. Este paradigma permite la interpretación y el estudio de los fenómenos desde su propia complejidad. En salud pública, la investigación cualitativa ha ganado terreno, pues permite estudiar aspectos subjetivos del proceso salud-enfermedad. Objetivo. Describir y analizar las investigaciones cualitativas en temas de salud pública publicadas en revistas colombianas entre el 2011 y el 2021. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo sobre las investigaciones cualitativas en salud pública publicadas en revistas colombianas entre el 2011 y el 2021. Resultados. Se incluyeron 81 artículos. La revista con mayor cantidad de publicaciones fue la Revista de Salud Pública (44,4 %). El año con mayor producción correspondió al 2019 y el principal diseño fue la teoría fundamentada (17,3 %). En el 79 % de los artículos, las mujeres fueron el autor principal y la enfermería constituyó la profesión más frecuente de formación de pregrado. El tema más frecuente fue el VIH/sida (12,3 %), seguido por el cáncer (11,1%). En el 24,6 % de los estudios, se utilizó un software para el análisis. Conclusiones. Las investigaciones cualitativas en salud pública han tenido una dinámica variable en la producción científica entre el 2011 y el 2021. Pese a sus bondades, la adopción de programas informáticos para el análisis cualitativo es escasa. La enfermería se destaca como el área que concentra la mayor cantidad de estudios cualitativos en salud pública con aportes en temáticas como COVID-19 y VIH/sida.

Introduction: Qualitative research seeks to understand the meaning and perspective of individuals and investigates considering the context. This paradigm allows the interpretation and study of phenomena from their own complexity. In public health, qualitative research has gained ground, as it allows the study of subjective aspects of the health-disease process. Objective: To describe and analyze qualitative research on health issues published in Colombian journals between 2011 and 2021. Materials and methods: A descriptive study on qualitative health research published in Colombian journals between 2011 and 2021 was carried out. Results: Eighty-one articles were included. The journal with the highest number of publications was the Revista de Salud Pública (44.4%). The year with the highest production corresponded to 2019 and the main design was the fundamental theory (17.3%). In 79% of the articles, women were the main author and nursing was the most frequent profession of undergraduate training. The most frequent topic was HIV/AIDS (12.3%), followed by cancer (11.1%). In 24.6% of the studies, a software was used for the analysis. Conclusions: Qualitative research in public health has had a variable dynamic in scientific production between 2011 and 2021. Despite its benefits, the adoption of computer programs for qualitative analysis is rare. Nursing stands out as the area that concentrates the largest number of qualitative studies in public health with contributions on topics such as COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS.

Development and validation of the clinical report form for nodular thyroid pathologies

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a novel clinical report form in the format of a structured interview to enable the characterization of the Portuguese population of the Baixo Vouga region with different subtypes of nodular thyroid pathologies (NTyPs). Materials and methods: A structured interview was developed and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first structured interview built and validated for that purpose in Portugal. Results: This structured interview enables the identification of possible correlations between each subtype of nodular lesions and sociodemographic data, consumption habits and lifestyle, endocrine history, and family predisposition. Conclusion: The novel structured interview will simultaneously, enable a detailed characterization of the group of patients with nodular thyroid lesions and will support future metabolomic studies.

Herramientas, estrategias y enfoque cualitativo para develar emociones en varones desempleados / Tools, strategies and a qualitative approach for revealing the emotions in unemployed men

Resumen Este trabajo se centró en el análisis respecto a la calidad y consistencia de una guía de entrevista, creada para estudiar las emociones en varones sin empleo, así como el método para la implementación de este instrumento. El objetivo fue develar cómo investigadores de dos grupos de investigación de dos universidades de México y Colombia aplicaron y probaron el uso de una entrevista semiestructurada con enfoque biográfico para develar emociones en un grupo de varones desempleados. El método involucró la aplicación y evaluación de la herramienta. La metodología se siguió en (N = 7 en Colombia + N = 14 en México) entrevistas con hombres sin empleo en dos ciudades latinoamericanas: Bogotá, Colombia y Guadalajara, México, por dos grupos de investigación, lo que permitió verificar la consistencia de la herramienta y la aplicabilidad durante el proceso investigativo. Los resultados indican la idoneidad y credibilidad de esta propuesta metodológica y guía de entrevista, probada y constatada en términos interdisciplinarios e interinstitucionales.

Abstract This work offers an analysis of the quality and consistency of an interview guide created to study the emotions in unemployed men, as well as the method for the implementation of this instrument. Our objective is to reveal how researchers from two research groups at two universities in Mexico and Colombia applied and tested a semistructured interview guide with a biographical approach to reveal the emotions in a group of unemployed men. Their methodology involved the application and evaluation of this tool and was followed in (N = 7 in Colombia + N = 14 in Mexico) interviews with unemployed men in two Latin American cities - Bogotá, Colombia and Guadalajara, Mexico - by two research groups. This application has allowed us to verify the consistency of the tool and its applicability during relevant research. Our results thus demonstrate the suitability and credibility of this methodological proposal and interview guide based on their testing and verification in interdisciplinary and interinstitutional contexts.

Construction of post competency model of human organ donation coordinators based on onion model / 器官移植

Objective To construct a scientific and rational post competency model of human organ donation coordinators. Methods Based on the onion model, the index pool was initially constructed by literature research and behavioral event interview. The index system was screened, modified and improved using Delphi method. The weight of indexes at all levels was determined by analytic hierarchy process. Results The effective response rates of two rounds of Delphi expert inquiries were both 100%, indicating that the expert opinions were highly dependable. The experts' judgment coefficient (Ca), familiarity (Cs) and authoritative coefficient (Cr) were all above 0.7, indicating that the experts' opinions were highly reliable. The expert coordination coefficients (W) were 0.294 and 0.342 (both P<0.001), indicating that experts delivered coordinated opinions and yielded slight difference in understanding the importance of indexes. Finally, according to the "onion model" theory and experts' opinions, a set of coordinator's post competency model including 6 first-level and 55 second-level indexes was established, which comprised an index surface layer, a middle layer and a core layer. Among them, the core layer represented core professional values, the middle layer was personal quality and professional ethics and quality, and the surface layer was interpersonal communication capability, organizational cooperation capability and professional knowledge and lifelong learning capability. Conclusions The post competency model of organ donation coordinators established in this study consists of 6 first-level and 55 second-level indexes, which is highly effective and reliable.

Validity and reliability of the persian version of the modified telephone interview for cognitive status among community-dwelling older adults in Iran / Validade e confiabilidade da versão persa da Entrevista Telefônica para o Estado Cognitivo: modificada entre idosos da comunidade no Irã

ABSTRACT. Due to the increase in the population of the elderly, there is a growing trend in some diseases such as cognitive disorders (dementia) which are common in this era, and the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are still facing challenges. Therefore, early identification of cognitive disorders is of particular importance. In this regard, the use of any tool or cognitive tests may not be enough to diagnose dementia in the early stages and a special tool is needed. Objective: The validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (P-TICS-M) in older adults living in the Iranian community for a comprehensive screening of mild cognitive impairment and dementia was investigated. Methods: In the first phase, translation, re-translation, and word-taking were performed by using the face validity and content validity. In the second phase, a stratified convenient sampling with 150 participants aged ≥60 years was conducted based on cognitive status using the global deterioration scale in 2018. The external and internal reliability of the P-TICS-M using the interclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of total items of this tool were estimated. Results: The mean age of the participants was 68.6 (standard deviation±7.4) years. According to global deterioration scale, 87 (58.0%) had normal cognition, 40 (26.7%) had mild cognitive impairment, and 23 (15.3%) had dementia. The Spearman's correlation coefficient between P-TICS-M scores and Mini-Mental State Examination scale was 0.764. In exploratory factor analysis, seven domains were detected, which were compatible with those defined by the tool developer. The Cronbach's alpha of the P-TICS-M was 0.920. The absolute agreement between test-retest score was >0.90. The sensitivity of 92.2, 94.8, and 100%, and also the specificity of 79.4, 88.2, and 89.8% were calculated for detecting subjects with dementia, respectively. Furthermore, a mild cognitive impairment cutoff of >28 was determined. Conclusion: The development and validation of a P-TICS-M tool can be useful in identifying older adult people with cognitive impairment. Demographic characteristics (level of education, age) can also affect the cutoff point of this tool.

RESUMO. Por causa do aumento da população de idosos, há uma tendência crescente de algumas doenças, como os distúrbios cognitivos (demência), que são comuns nessa época, e o diagnóstico e tratamento dessa doença ainda enfrentam desafios. A identificação precoce de distúrbios cognitivos é de particular importância. Nesse sentido, a utilização de qualquer ferramenta ou testes cognitivos pode não ser suficiente para diagnosticar a demência nas fases iniciais e é necessária uma ferramenta especial. Objetivo: A validade e a confiabilidade da versão persa da Entrevista Telefônica para o Estado Cognitivo - Modificada (P-TICS-M) em idosos que vivem na comunidade iraniana para uma triagem abrangente de comprometimento cognitivo leve e demência foram investigadas. Métodos: Primeira fase, tradução, retradução e tomada de palavras utilizando validade de face e validade de conteúdo. Na segunda fase, foi conduzida uma amostragem estratificada por conveniência com 150 participantes com idade ≥60 anos baseada em estado cognitivo por meio da escala de deterioração global em 2018. Estimaram-se a confiabilidade externa e interna do P-TICS-M por meio do coeficiente de correlação interclasses e o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach do total de itens deste instrumento. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 68,6 (desvio padrão±7,4) anos. De acordo com a escala de deterioração global, 87 (58,0%) apresentavam cognição normal, 40 (26,7%) apresentavam comprometimento cognitivo leve e 23 (15,3%) apresentavam demência. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre os escores do P-TICS-M e a escala do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental foi de 0,764. Na análise fatorial exploratória, detectaram-se sete domínios, os quais eram compatíveis com aqueles definidos pelo desenvolvedor da ferramenta. O alfa de Cronbach do P-TICS-M foi de 0,920. A concordância absoluta entre o escore teste-reteste foi >0,90. Calculou-se, respectivamente, sensibilidade de 92,2, 94,8 e 100%, e também especificidade de 79,4, 88,2 e 89,8% para a detecção de indivíduos com demência. Além disso, determinou-se um ponto de corte do comprometimento cognitivo leve >28. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento e validação de uma ferramenta P-TICS-M pode ser útil na identificação de idosos com comprometimento cognitivo. As características demográficas (escolaridade, idade) também podem afetar o ponto de corte dessa ferramenta.

Entrevista con la profesora Dra. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci / Entrevista com a professora dra. marilda gonçalves dias facci / Interview with the phd marilda gonçalves dias facci

A entrevista realizada com a presidente da Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional - ABRAPEE, Profa. Dra. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci, teve como objetivo a compreensão da trajetória trilhada pela professora na área da Psicologia Escolar, bem como as perspectivas deste campo da Psicologia, diante da Lei 13. 935/2019, que insere psicólogas e assistentes sociais na Educação. As questões foram formuladas contemplando o histórico de sua atuação; as conquistas e desafios impostos ao campo da Psicologia Educacional; os diversos âmbitos da atuação profissional nessa área; os impasses para a regulamentação da Lei 13.935/2019; a concepção sobre avaliação psicológica, considerando a teoria Histórico-Cultural e os projetos da atual gestão para o futuro da ABRAPEE. Dra. Marilda tem tido atuação marcante na Coordenação Nacional visando a regulamentação da Lei 13.935/2019 para a efetivação da atuação dos e das profissionais da Psicologia e Serviço Social na educação, em todos os municípios dos estados brasileiros.

En la entrevista realizada con la presidente de la Asociación Brasileña de Psicología Escolar y Educacional - ABRAPEE, Profa. Dra. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci, se tuvo el objetivo la comprensión de la trayectoria recorrida por la profesora en el área de la Psicología Escolar, así como las perspectivas de este campo de la psicología, delante de la Ley 13. 935/2019, que introduce psicólogas y asistentes sociales en la educación. Las cuestiones se formularon contemplando el histórico de su actuación; las conquistas y desafíos impuestos al campo de la Psicología Educacional; los distintos ámbitos de la actuación profesional en esa área; los impases para la reglamentación de la Ley 13.935/2019; la concepción sobre evaluación psicológica, considerando la teoría Histórico-Cultural y los proyectos de la actual gestión para el futuro de la ABRAPEE. Dra. Marilda ha tenido actuación destacada en la Coordinación Nacional con la finalidad de lograr la reglamentación de la Ley 13.935/2019 para la efectividad de la actuación de los y de las profesionales de la Psicología y Servicio Social en la educación, en todos los municipios de los estados brasileños.

The interview carried out with the Brazilian Association of School and Educational Psychology - ABRAPEE president, PhD. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci, aimed to understand the path taken by the teacher in the School Psychology area, as well as the perspectives of this Psychology field, in light of Law 13. 935/2019, which includes psychologists and social workers in Education. The questions were formulated considering her history work; the achievements and challenges imposed on the field of Educational Psychology; the different areas of professional activity in this area; the challenges in regulating Law 13,935/2019; the psychological assessment conception, considering the Historical-Cultural theory and the current management's projects for the future of ABRAPEE. The PhD. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci has had a notable role in the National Coordination aimed at regulating Law 13,935/2019 to implement the work of Psychology and Social Service professionals in Education, in all municipalities in the Brazilian states.

Reliability and validity assessment of Daily Stressors Evaluation Scale for Urban Secondary School Students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To formulate an evaluation scale on daily stressors with good reliability and validity for urban secondary school students, and to provide a tool for psychological stress assessment.@*Methods@#Based on steps of instrument development, a pool of items regarding the daily stressors of junior/senior high school students was constructed by combining existing scales of adolescent life events or stressors, and a preliminary survey was conducted for items analysis and dimension evaluation among 393 middle and high school students in 2 districts of Shanghai. Then confirmatory factor analysis of the scale was conducted among 2 949 students collected by stratified cluster sampling from 11 districts in Shanghai.@*Results@#The final 28 item daily stressors evaluation scale for urban secondary school students, with an overall Cronbach s alpha coefficient of 0.94, consists of 8, 7, 7, and 6 items for the four dimensions of academic stress, physical and psychological stress, interpersonal stress and family stress, respectively. The Guttman s split half reliability was 0.88, and the test retest reliability was 0.68. Total scores of the 28 items reflect general psychological stress level of participants, with higher scores representing higher stress intensity. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the root mean squared error of approximation ( RMSEA ) and the standardized root mean square residual ( SRMR ) were both less than 0.08, while all fit indexes were above 0.8.@*Conclusion@#The Daily Stressors Evaluation Scale for Urban Secondary School Students, with good reliability, validity and model goodness of fit, can be applicable for urban secondary school students.

Domains of Adherence and Non-Adherence to Anti-Hypertensive Medications in Hypertensive Patients from Kuala Lumpur: A Qualitative Study

@#Introduction: Previous medication adherence studies primarily focused on the domains of non-adherence in hypertension treatment and less attention has been given on domains that encourage adherence to anti-hypertensive medications. The current study is aimed to identify the domains of adherence and non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medications among hypertensive patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: Hypertensive patients from two public health clinics in Kuala Lumpur were invited for in-depth interviews until thematic saturation. Audio recordings from these interviews were transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were then analysed deductively with the guidance of the World Health Organization Medication Adherence Framework to extract the domains of adherence and non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medications. Results: Ten patients who were predominantly Malays and aged 34-73 years old participated the study. Patient-related (encompassing knowledge, attitude, belief and culture, lifestyle, personal barriers, self-efficacy, and cue to action), socioeconomic (encompassing social support), condition-related (encompassing nature of illness and presence of multiple co-morbidities), therapy-related (encompassing experience of receiving treatment, barrier in treatment, and side effects of treatment), and healthcare system (encompassing access to healthcare and healthcare center experience) domains were identified as central to the medication-taking behaviour of hypertensive patients. Conclusion: Sixteen codes of adherence and 22 codes of non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medications were identified, which were distributed across five domains (patient-related, socioeconomic, condition-related, therapy related, and healthcare system domains). These findings can help to inform future development of medication adherence questionnaires, individualised interventions for patients with adherence problems, and targeted health promotion programmes to reduce uncontrolled hypertension.

Survey on the Status of Descriptions regarding Reference Information for Dispensing and Medication Support in the Interview Form / 医薬品情報学

Objective: We examined the descriptions of reference information regarding the dispensing process in the interview form (IF). If there was no description, we determined the test data’s availability from the pharmaceutical company.Methods: The survey targeted 78 drugs that complied with the new description IF guidelines, for regular tablets and capsules launched from April 2018 to December 2021. The survey was conducted between March 13th and June 14th, 2022. We investigated the reference information regarding the stability of the medications during the crushing and simple suspension method during dispensing.Results: Regarding the data related to the stability of medications during the crushing process, ten drugs were described as having “data available,” 18 drugs were to be “inquired individually,” 31 drugs had “no applicable data,” and 14 drugs had “no items.” Regarding the status of descriptions on the simple suspension method, ten drugs were described as having “data available,” 18 drugs had data that was to be “inquired individually,” 32 drugs had “no applicable data,” and 14 drugs had “no items.” Regarding the 35 drugs for which both the stability during crushing and the simple suspension method were listed as either “no applicable data” or “no items,” we contacted the pharmaceutical companies to inquire about the test data for the stability during the crushing and simple suspension method. We found that four drugs had “data available” on the stability of medications during the crushing process, while six drugs had “data available” on the simple suspension method.Conclusion: Many IFs that complied with the new description guidelines had items for reference information regarding dispensing. However, the test data’s description was not sufficient. Furthermore, even if there is no description of reference information regarding dispensing in the IF, we confirmed that the pharmaceutical company owns the test data.

Percepções de adultos jovens brasileiros sobre o ato de cozinhar / Perceptions of Brazilian young adults about cooking

Introdução: Cozinhar em casa pode promover uma alimentação mais saudável. Porém, uma possível redução na transmissão de conhecimentos e habilidades culinárias parece prejudicar a confiança e a autonomia dos jovens para preparar as refeições. Para informar o desenvolvimento de iniciativas que apoiem os jovens adultos a superar as barreiras para cozinhar e melhorar a qualidade da dieta, é importante investigar o processo de socialização culinária no contexto de seu próprio curso de vida. Objetivo: Este estudo qualitativo teve como objetivo explorar como jovens adultos que têm o hábito de cozinhar percebem seu envolvimento com essa prática e identificar quais agentes socializadores culinários fizeram parte de seu processo de aprendizagem. Método: Entrevistas abertas baseadas na abordagem da perspectiva do curso de vida foram realizadas com adultos jovens brasileiros de 19 a 24 anos de ambos os sexos e analisadas tematicamente. Resultados: As percepções sobre cozinhar e sobre aprender a cozinhar levaram à criação de seis temas: (1) "Cuidar de mim"; (2) "Sentimentos (des)agradáveis"; (3) "Promover o convívio"; (4) "Preocupação com os resultados"; (5) "Habilidades necessárias"; e (6) "Agentes de socialização". Conclusões: As iniciativas para permitir que os adultos jovens superem as barreiras para cozinhar e potencialmente melhorar a qualidade da dieta precisam se concentrar não apenas no desenvolvimento prático de habilidades culinárias, mas também em habilidades, como planejamento. Também é importante fomentar mensagens positivas envolvendo autocuidado, prazer e convívio. Formas de usar a internet e as mídias sociais para engajar essa população a cozinhar mais merecem ser mais bem exploradas.

Introduction: Cooking at home is conducive to better diet quality and can help improve health. Nevertheless, the reduced transmission of culinary knowledge and skills worldwide hinders young adults' confidence and autonomy to prepare meals. To inform the development of initiatives that support young adults to overcome barriers to cook and improve their diet quality, it is important to investigate the process of culinary socialization in the context of their own life course. Objective: This qualitative study aimed to explore how young adults who cook perceive their involvement with this practice and to identify which culinary socializing agents were part of their learning process. Method: Open interviews based on the life-course perspective approach were conducted with male and female Brazilian young adults aged 19-24 years-old and thematically analysed. Results: Perceptions about cooking and about learning how to cook led to the creation of six themes: (1) "Caring about myself"; (2) "(Un)pleasant feelings"; (3) "Promoting conviviality"; (4) "Worrying about outcomes"; (5) "Skills needed"; and (6) "Socializing agents". Conclusions: Initiatives to enable young adults overcoming barriers to cook and potentially improve their diet quality need to focus not only on practical cooking skills development, but also on planning. Also important is to foster positive messages involving self-care, pleasure, and conviviality. Ways of using the internet and social media to engage this population to cook more deserves to be further explored.

Validez de contenido para una entrevista autobiográfica para adultos mayores / Content validity for an autobiographical interview for older adults

RESUMEN Objetivo Validar una propuesta de Entrevista Autobiográfica orientada al adulto mayor típico. Método Se diseñaron preguntas para una entrevista de memoria autobiográfica semiestructurada y se desarrolló un protocolo para la aplicación de esta. Se utilizaron 28 jueces; 14 fonoaudiólogos y 14 adultos mayores. Adicionalmente, se pilotaron 2 entrevistas. Posteriormente, la validez de contenido se obtuvo mediante el procedimiento clásico de Lawshe, utilizando complementariamente una evaluación para la comprensibilidad y extensión de la entrevista, así como un procedimiento de triangulación de datos con los jueces y participantes de la experiencia piloto. Resultados De los 22 ítems evaluados, solo 4 estuvieron por sobre el valor crítico de referencia (0.49). Conclusión Se discute sobre la necesidad de incorporar esta medida de análisis en el contexto del respeto, la identidad y la agencia de los adultos mayores, como parte de un cambio de paradigma bajo la mirada de las atenciones centradas en la persona y un modelo de competencia comunicativa. Así como la necesidad de incorporar paradigmas culturales diferentes y el uso de tecnologías digitales.

ABSTRACT Purpose To validate a proposal for an autobiographical interview oriented to the typical older adult. Methods Questions for a semi-structured autobiographical memory interview were designed and a protocol for its application was developed. Fourteen Speech and Language Pathologists judges and 14 older adults were used. Additionally, 2 interviews were conducted. Subsequently, content validity was obtained by means of Lawshe's classic procedure. Also, using a complementary evaluation for comprehensibility and length of the interview, as well as a data triangulation procedure with the judges and participants of the pilot experience. Results Of the 22 items evaluated, only 4 were above the critical reference value (0.49). Conclusion The need to incorporate this measure of analysis in the context of respect, identity and agency of older adults is discussed as part of a change in thinking under the gaze of person-centered care and a communicative competence model. As well as the need to incorporate different cultural paradigms and the use of digital technologies.

Difficulties in the practice of the phenomenological nursing interview with long-lived older adults: an experience report / Dificuldades na prática da entrevista fenomenológica de enfermagem com idosos longevos: relato de experiência / Dificultades en la práctica de entrevista fenomenológica enfermera con adultos mayores longevos: relato de experiencia

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the difficulties in the practical intervention of a phenomenological nursing interview with long-lived older adults. Method: Experience report of data collection through a phenomenological interview in 10 long-lived older adults between March and July 2022 in a geronto-geriatric center in the north of Mexico. Results: It was found that the difficulties in conducting the phenomenological interview in nursing depend on distinct factors that can be contextual (institution, family or companions) or personal (participants and researcher). Final considerations: The phenomenological interview can be rigorously implemented with long-lived older adults, the conditions for its implementation are determined by the researcher according to the characteristics of the participants and the research topic; these conditions must be specified before and during the interview.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as dificuldades na intervenção prática de uma entrevista fenomenológica de enfermagem com idosos longevos. Método: Relato de experiência de coleta de dados por meio de entrevista fenomenológica em 10 idosos longevos entre março e julho de 2022 em um centro geronto-geriátrico do norte do Mexico. Resultados: Constatou-se que as dificuldades na realização da entrevista fenomenológica na enfermagem dependem de diversos fatores que podem ser contextuais (instituição, família ou acompanhantes) ou pessoais (participantes e pesquisador). Considerações finais: A entrevista fenomenológica pode ser implementada de forma rigorosa com idosos de longa duração, as condições da sua implementação são determinadas pelo investigador de acordo com as características dos participantes e o tópico de investigação, estas condições devem ser especificadas antes e durante a entrevista.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las dificultades en la intervención práctica de una entrevista fenomenológica de enfermería con adultos mayores longevos. Método: Relato de experiencia de la recolección de datos mediante una entrevista fenomenológica en 10 adultos mayores longevos entre marzo y julio del 2022 en un centro geronto-geriátrico al norte de México. Resultados: Se encontró que las dificultades para realizar la entrevista fenomenológica en enfermería dependen de diferentes factores que pueden ser contextuales (institución, familia o acompañantes) o personales (participantes e investigador). Consideraciones finales: La entrevista fenomenológica puede ser implementada con rigurosidad con adultos mayores longevos, las condiciones de su realización son determinadas por el investigador en función de las características de los participantes y el tema de investigación, por lo que se deben precisar estas condiciones antes y durante la entrevista.

A compreensão das expectativas dos pacientes candidatos ao transplante hepático / Understanding the expectations of patients who are candidates for liver transplantation / Comprender las expectativas de los pacientes candidatos a un trasplante de hígado

As doenças hepáticas crônicas trazem alterações metabólicas no organismo que alteram a qualidade de vida do indivíduo. A depender da gravidade clínica, o transplante hepático surge como uma proposta terapêutica que necessita de inclusão no Sistema Nacional de Transplantes e avaliação multiprofissional. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as expectativas que os pacientes candidatos ao transplante hepático expressam sobre esta terapêutica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou o método da pesquisa documental nos Formulários de Avaliação Psicológica Pré Transplante do serviço de psicologia de um hospital universitário em Fortaleza, Ceará. Foram analisados 202 Formulários pelo método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin que se dividiram em três categorias: 1. Diminuição dos sintomas a recuperação à saúde; 2. Esperança frente ao desconhecido; 3. Reconstrução da identidade. A pesquisa permitiu identificar as principais expectativas dos pacientes relacionados ao transplante hepático, delineando os aspectos que são sustentadores para que os sujeitos deem continuidade ao tratamento, a saber: rede social de apoio, possibilidade de melhora clínica e aumento da sobrevida, sentimentos de esperança e desejo de qualidade de vida. O desejo de cura está relacionado à recuperação da cirurgia e não apenas ao desaparecimento da doença hepática. (AU)

Chronic liver diseases bring metabolic changes in the body that affect the individual's quality of life. Depending on the clinical severity, liver transplantation emerges as a therapeutic proposal that requires inclusion in the National Transplant System and multidisciplinary evaluation. The aim of this study was to identify the expectations that patients who are candidates for liver transplantation express about this therapy. This is a descriptive, qualitative study that used the documentary research method in the Pre-Transplant Psychological Assessment Forms of the psychology service at a university hospital in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. 202 Forms were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis method, which were divided into three categories: 1. Reduction of symptoms and recovery to health; 2. Hope in the face of the unknown; 3. Reconstruction of identity. The research identified the main expectations of patients related to liver transplantation, outlining the aspects that support subjects in continuing treatment, namely: social support network, the possibility of clinical improvement and increased survival, feelings of hope, and desire for quality of life. The desire for a cure is related to recovery from surgery and not just to the disappearance of liver disease. (AU)

Las enfermidades hepáticas crónicas traen alteraciones metabólicas en el organismo que alteran la calidad de vida. Dependiendo de la gravidad, el trasplante de hígado surge como una propuesta terapéutica que necesita de inclusión en el Sistema Nacional de Trasplante. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las expectativas que los pacientes candidatos al trasplante expresan sobre esta terapia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, que se utilizó del método de la búsqueda documental en los Formulários de Evaluación Psicológica Pré Trasplante de un Servicio de Psicología de un Hospital Universitário de la ciudad de Fortaleza (Ceará). Se analizaron 202 Formulários por el método de análisis de contenidos de Bardin que se dividieron en tres categorias: Dismi-nución de los síntomas y la recuperación de la salud; Esperanza frente a lo desconocido; Reconstrucción de la identidad. La búsqueda permitió identificar las expectativas de los pacientes relacionados al trasplante de hígado. Desta-cando los aspectos que son fundamentales para que los sujetos continúen al tratamiento, tenemos: rede social de apoyo, posibilidad de mejora clínica y aumento de supervivencia, sentimientos de esperanza y deseo de calidad de vida. El deseo de cura está relacionado a la recuperación de la cirurgia y desaparición de la enfermedad hepática. (AU)

Histórias de vidas de universitários e uso de substâncias psicoativas / Life stories of college students and use of psychoactive substances / Historias de vida de estudiantes universitarios y uso de substancias psicoactivas

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender, por meio das histórias de vidas, aspectos relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas por estudantes universitários. Participaram 15 estudantes de ambos os gêneros e com idades entre 18 e 28 anos, de diferentes cursos de graduação que já fizeram uso de alguma substância psicoativa. Foi aplicado um questionário sócio demográfico e um relato autobiográfico; na sequência, as entrevistas narrativas foram realizadas. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se da análise temática que identificou quatro categorias: Conflitos familiares na infância e adolescência; Experiências com o uso de drogas na adolescência e na vida universitária; Formas de tratamento; e Prevenção na educação. Foi observado que os fatores comportamentais, ambientais, sociais e familiares, demonstram estar associados ao uso de drogas. Este estudo traz dados relevantes que podem contribuir no planejamento de ações preventivas sobre o uso de drogas no âmbito universitário (AU).

The aim of this study was to understand, through life stories, aspects related to the use of psychoactive substances by university students.The study included 15 students of both genders and aged between 18 and 28 years, from different undergraduate courses who have already used some psychoactive substanceA sociodemographic questionnaire and an autobiographical report were applied; then, narrative interviews were carried out.For data analysis, the thematic category analysis was used, four categories wereidentified: Family conflicts in childhood and adolescence;Experiences with drug use in adolescence and university life;Forms of treatment;and Prevention in education. It was observed in this study that behavioral, environmental, social and family factors, demonstrate to be associated with drug use. This study provides relevant data that can contribute to the planning of preventive actions on drug use at the university level (AU).

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender, a través de historias de vida, aspectos relacionados con el uso de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de estudiantes universitarios.El estudio incluyó a 15 estudiantes de ambos sexos y con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 28 años, de diferentes cursos de grado que ya han consumido alguna sustancia psicoactiva. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y un informe autobiográfico; luego, se realizaron entrevistas narrativas. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el análisis de categorías temáticas, se identificaron cuatro categorías: Conflictos familiares en la infancia y la adolescencia; Experiencias con el consumo de drogas en la adolescencia y la vida universitaria;Formas de tratamiento;y Prevención en la educación. Se observó en este estudio que factores conductuales, ambientales, sociales yfamiliares demuestran estar asociados con el consumo de drogas. Este estudio aporta datos relevantes que pueden contribuir a la planificación de acciones preventivas sobre el consumo de drogas a nivel universitario (AU).

Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview Kid or Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale 5I for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Adolescent Girls Infected with COVID-19

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that may develop after exposure to exceptionally life threatening or horrifying events. People suffering from PTSD are vulnerable for both physical and mental health. Objectives: To find out sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and to plot receiver operating characteristic curve taking Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview-Kid (MINIKID) as the gold standard and Child PTSD Symptom Scale 5I (CPSS-5I) as the newer diagnostic tool for diagnosing PTSD. Materials and Methods: The cross?sectional study was carried out for a period of 6 months from January 2021 to June 2021 at R. L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Center, Kolar, Karnataka through telephonic interviews. All the data entered in Microsoft office Excel sheet, analyzed using the SPSSv22 (IBM Corp). Results: Sensitivity of the CPSS?5I was 56% and specificity was 96% compared with MINIKID. 83% and 85%, respectively, was PPV and NPV of the CPSS?5I compared with MINIKID. Area under the curve is 83.9% with P < 0.001 (72.5–95.2) indicating CPSS?5I is 84% sensitive proving to be a very good diagnostic tool for diagnosing PTSD. Furthermore, scores of 9.5 or 10.5 from CPSS?5I can be used as cutoff in diagnosing PTSD using CPSS 51. Conclusion: CPSS-5I is extremely well designed, helpful and functional tool used in diagnosing PTSD. With the current study showing CPSS-5I can be used in post-COVID PTSD diagnosis, it also provides cutoff which can be helpful in mass screening.