Effects of cumulative and continuous exercise of different intensities on intestinal mucosal permeability in insulin-resistant mice / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The relationship between insulin resistance and intestinal mucosal permeability may be related to excess fat,inflammation and oxidative stress.At present,the influence of different kinds of exercise on this relationship has not been fully studied,and the relevant mechanism needs to be further studied. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of continuous exercise and cumulative exercise on intestinal mucosal permeability of insulin-resistant mice induced by high fat diet,and to compare the effects of different intensities of exercise,thereby evaluating the health-promoting effects of cumulative exercise. METHODS:Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat diet to induce insulin resistance,and mice with successful modeling were randomly divided into five groups:high-fat insulin resistance group,general dietary insulin resistance group,moderate-intensity continuous exercise group,moderate-intensity cumulative exercise group,and high-intensity cumulative exercise group.Mice in the high-fat insulin resistance group received high-fat diet and mice in the other groups were fed normally.All the exercise groups received 8 weeks of different forms of treadmill training.Mice in the moderate-intensity sustained exercise group exercised for 50 minutes at a speed of 11 m/min.Mice in the moderate-intensity cumulative exercise group were subjected to 12.5 minutes of exercise,four times a day(3 hours between sessions),at a speed of 11 m/min.Mice in the high-intensity cumulative exercise group exercised for 7.5 minutes once,four times a day(3 hours between sessions),at a speed of 19 m/min.At 48 hours after the final session,the levels of lipopolysaccharide and D-lactic acid in serum of mice were detected,the pathological changes of ileal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and the expression of intestinal compact linking protein was detected by western blot.The expression of interleukin-10,tumor necrosis factor αin blood and ileum and intestinal secreted immunoglobulin A were detected by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:High-fat diet-induced insulin resistance was associated with body mass gain.The serum levels of endotoxin and D-lactic acid significantly increased,and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in serum and small intestine were significantly increased.Long-term regular cumulative exercise and continuous exercise could reduce the body mass of insulin-resistant mice,significantly improve glucose metabolism,and correct or improve insulin resistance symptoms.Both long-term regular cumulative exercise and continuous exercise could increase the expression of zonula occludens protein 1 and increase the secretion of secreted immunoglobulin A in intestinal mucosal tissue,thereby improving intestinal mucosal permeability,enhancing intestinal immune function,reducing the content of lipopolysaccharide in serum,and reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in circulating blood and intestinal tissue.Finally,it could protect the intestinal mucosal barrier of insulin-resistant mice.Compared with medium-intensity cumulative exercise and continuous exercise,high-intensity cumulative exercise had more obvious effects on reducing body mass,improving insulin resistance symptoms and protecting intestinal mucosal barrier in insulin-resistant mice.

Efficacy of Huangqin decoction combined with western medicine in the treatment of pediatric ulcerative colitis / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Huangqin decoction combined with western medicine in the treatment of pediatric ulcerative colitis. Methods:A total of 100 children with ulcerative colitis who received treatment at the Longyou People's Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were included in this case-control study. They were divided into a control group ( n = 50) and an observation group ( n = 50) according to different treatment methods. Children in the control group were treated with routine western medicine, while those in the observation group were treated with routine western medicine plus Huangqin decoction. Both groups of children were treated for 14 days. The two groups of children were compared in terms of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, clinical efficacy, inflammatory factor levels, intestinal mucosal improvement score, and incidence of adverse reactions. Results:After treatment, the level of decrease in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). The total response rate in the observation group was 98% (49/50), which was significantly higher than that in the control group [82% (41/50), χ2 = 7.11, P < 0.05]. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein in the observation group were (12.83 ± 4.53) ng/L, (8.55 ± 1.44) ng/L, and (6.35 ± 0.99) mg/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(24.41 ± 5.38) ng/L, (13.14 ± 1.51) ng/L, (10.03 ± 1.05) mg/L, t = 13.21, 7.52, 5.15, all P < 0.05]. The improvement scores for ulcer, congestion, erosion, and edema in the observation group were (1.43 ± 0.20) points, (1.24 ± 0.27) points, (1.36 ± 0.34) points, and (1.02 ± 0.21) points, respectively, which were significantly better than those in the control group [(2.48 ± 0.52) points, (2.19 ± 0.37) points, (2.45 ± 0.32) points, and (2.35 ± 0.40) points, t = 5.12, 4.52, 3.73, 4.84, all P < 0.05]. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 4% (2/50), which was significantly lower than that in the control group [18% (9/50), χ2 = 5.01, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:The combination of Huangqin decoction and western medicine for the treatment of pediatric ulcerative colitis can effectively decrease traditional Chinese medicine symptom score and intestinal mucosal score, with a low incidence of adverse reactions, good clinical effect, and high safety.

Research advances in the role of / 临床肝胆病杂志

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide and includes the different stages of steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis. Enterococcus faecalis is a common bacterium for nosocomial infection and has a significant impact on the prognosis of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. This review mainly introduces the pathogenesis of ALD and the pathogenic mechanism of E. faecalis , summarizes the research advances in E. faecalis in ALD, and briefly describes the detection and treatment methods for E. faecalis infection in clinical practice. Since there is an extremely high mortality rate in ALD patients with lytic E. faecalis infection, an in-depth understanding of E. faecalis has become an important issue nowadays.

Study on improvement effects and mechanism of rhein on immunoglobulin A nephropathy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effects and mechanism of rhein on immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN） model rat based on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into normal control group， IgAN model group and rhein treatment group， with 10 rats in each group. IgAN model group and rhein treatment group were given combination of bovine serum albumin+lipopolysaccharide+carbon tetrachloride to induce IgAN model. Since the 7th week， rhein treatment group rats were intragastrically given relevant medicine， and normal control group and model group rats were given equal amount of normal saline intragastrically， for consecutive 4 weeks. After the last administration， the count of urine sediment erythrocyte， 24 h-urine total protein （UTP）， the levels of immunoglobulin A （IgA） in serum and secretory immunoglobulin A （sIgA） in intestinal mucosa were detected. The pathological changes of Peyer’s patch in renal cortex and intestinal mucosa and IgA deposition in renal cortex were observed. The expressions of interleukin-17 （IL-17）， IL- 6 and transforming growth factor β （TGF-β） in Peyer’s patch of intestinal mucosa in rats were detected. The expressions of STAT3 and related orphan receptor γt （RORγt） mRNA in Peyer’s patch were detected. The expressions of p-STAT3 and RORγt proteins in Peyer’s patch were detected. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， the count of urine sediment erythrocyte， 24 h-UTP， the levels of IgA in serum and sIgA in intestinal mucosa were increased significantly in IgAN model group （P＜0.01）； enlarged renal corpuscles， dilated renal sacs， obvious intratubular mesangial hyperplasia and fibrosis were observed in renal cortex； the volume and germinal center of Peyer’s patch in intestinal mucosa increased； IgA deposition of renal cortex zxyylxk20220103） was obvious； the expressions of IL-17， IL-6 and TGF-β in Peyer’s patch， mRNA expressions of STAT3 and RORγt， protein expressions of p-STAT3 and RORγt were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with IgAN model group，above indexes were decreased significantly in rhein treatment group （P＜0.01）， pathological damage of renal cortex was improved， the volume of Peyer’s patch and germinal center of intestinal mucosa were reduced， and IgA deposition in renal cortex was weakened. CONCLUSIONS Rhein can improve IgAN model rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway and regulating immune function of Peyer’s patch in intestinal mucosa.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on proteomics during intestinal barrier injury in burned rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on proteomics during intestinal barrier injury in burned rats.Methods:Sixty-four clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-12 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=16 each) by the random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), sham operation plus dexmedetomidine group (Sham-Dex group), burn group (Burn group) and burn plus dexmedetomidine group (Burn-Dex group). Rats were subjected to Ⅲ degree burn covering 40% of the total body surface area on back in Burn group and Burn-Dex group, and the back hair was removed and then the rats were exposed to skin temperature with a perm in Sham group and Sham-Dex group. Dexmedetomidine 5 μg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused for 3 h after developing the model in Sham-Dex group and Burn-Dex group. The equal volume of 0.9% normal saline was continuously infused in Sham group and Burn group. Blood from the abdominal aorta was collected at 6 h after stopping administration, then the rats were sacrificed, and intestinal tissues were obtained for examination of pathological changes (HE staining method) and for determination of plasma fluoresce in isothiocyanate-dextran and diamine oxidase (DAO) concentrations. Intestinal damage was assessed and scored according to Chiu. The relative and absolute quantitative isotope labeling and LC-tandem mass spectrometry were performed to screen the differentially expressed proteins. The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by STRING protein interaction network analysis, gene ontology analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Results:Compared with Sham group, the Chiu′s score after burn and plasma concentrations of FITC-Dextran and DAO at 6 h after stopping administration were significantly increased in Burn and Burn-Dex groups ( P<0.05). Compared with Burn group, the Chiu′s score after burn and plasma concentrations of FITC-Dextran and DAO at 6 h after stopping administration were significantly decreased in Burn-Dex group ( P<0.05). Analysis of STRING protein interaction network, ontology analysis analysis and KEGG pathway analysis found that the protein genes met the conditions were Psmb10, Psmb7, RGD1310507 and LOC100909441, there was an interaction between Psmb10 and Psmb7, and it was significantly enriched in various pathways such as proteasome. Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine can cause changes in protein expression during intestinal barrier injury in burned rats, and Psmb10 and Psmb7 may be the two protein targets of dexmedetomidine.

Carbomer hemorrhoid gel for the treatment of second-degree internal hemorrhoid bleeding / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of carbomer hemorrhoid gel in the treatment of second-degree internal hemorrhoid bleeding.Methods:A total of 160 anorectal outpatients with second-degree internal hemorrhoid bleeding who received treatment in Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2017 to January 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group ( n = 80/group). In the observation group, carbomer hemorrhoid gel was used to plug the anus, while in the control group, a hemorrhoid suppository was used to plug the anus. All patients were treated for 7 days. Clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results:After 4 days of treatment, the bleeding score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [1(0) point vs. 2(1) points, Z = -6.70, P < 0.05). After 7 days of treatment, the bleeding score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [0(1) point vs. 1(1) point, Z = -4.73, P < 0.05]. After 4 days of treatment, there was no significant difference in the size score of the hemorrhoids between the two groups ( P > 0.05). After 4 days of treatment, the size score of hemorrhoids in the control group did not differ significantly compared with before treatment ( P > 0.05). After 4 days of treatment, the size score of hemorrhoids in the observation group differed significantly compared with before treatment ( Z = -3.16, P < 0.05). After 7 days of treatment, the size score of the hemorrhoids in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [1(1) point vs. 1(0) point, Z = -4.48, P < 0.05]. The total response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [97.5% (78/80) vs. 75% (60/80), Z = -4.50, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Carbomer hemorrhoid gel is a new drug used to treat hemorrhoids. It has a new dosage form, has no stimulation to the rectum, and is safe to use. Carbomer hemorrhoid gel is highly effective on second-degree internal hemorrhoid bleeding and deserves clinical popularization.

The value of serum related cytokines in predicting intestinal mucosal injury in severe acute pancreatitis patients / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the value of serum related cytokines in predicting intestinal mucosal injury in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and its correlation with intestinal mucosal injury.Methods:A total of 92 patients with SAP admitted to the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 2020 to December 2021 were included in the study. According to the presence or absence of intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction, the patients were divided into intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction group (33 cases) and non-intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction group (59 cases). Another 100 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Clinical data of the subjects were collected. Serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT), D-lactic acid (D-L), endotoxin, diamine oxidase (DAO), citrulline and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) of the three groups were compared, and the correlation between the above indexes was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of each indicator in predicting intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in SAP patients.Results:The levels of serum PCT, D-L, endotoxin, DAO and I-FABP in intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction group, non-intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction group and control group showed a downward trend, while the level of serum citrulline showed an upward trend, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum citrulline was negatively correlated with serum PCT, D-L, and endotoxin levels ( r=-0.740, -0.629, -0.310, all P<0.05); There was a positive correlation between serum DAO and serum PCT, D-L and endotoxin levels ( r=0.482, 0.779, 0.338, all P<0.05); There was a positive correlation between serum I-FABP and serum PCT, D-L and endotoxin levels ( r=0.613, 0.421, 0.341, all P<0.05). The ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum PCT, D-L, endotoxin, DAO, citrulline, and I-FABP predicting intestinal mucosal injury in SAP patients were 0.816, 0.789, 0.732, 0.801, 0.812, and 0.857, respectively. The AUC of the combination of the above indicators predicting intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in SAP patients was 0.909, significantly higher than that predicted by each index alone (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The occurrence of intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in SAP patients may be related to the increase of serum PCT, D-L, endotoxin, DAO, I-FABP levels and the decrease of citrulline levels. It may be considered to predict the risk of intestinal mucosal injury by detecting the levels of various indicators in patients′ serum.

Research progress of human milk exosomes and their effects on intestinal mucosal barrier in neonates / 中华围产医学杂志

Human breast milk-derived exosomes (HMDEs) are newly discovered active signaling vesicles in breast milk, which are rich in nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These exosomes play an essential role in the development and maturation of the intestinal mucosal barrier in newborns. In addition, HMDEs possess distinctive properties that allow for remodeling and modification, thereby are expected to provide more efficient prevention and treatment strategies for neonatal intestinal diseases. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the origin, isolation, identification, labeling, structural features, composition, and biological functions, and their unique impact on the intestinal mucosal barrier function in newborns.

Probiotics in Crohn's disease remission: a systematic review

Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory condition that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract due to an exacerbated and inadequate immune system response. Objective. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review, through clinical trials, about the use of probiotics in humans with CD. Materials and methods. Research was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct databases using the keywords "Crohn's disease" and "probiotics". We conducted the review by searching clinical trials published from 2000 to December 2019. Results. Of 2,164 articles found, only nine were considered eligible for this review. The studies investigated patients with CD at different stages of the pathology, and in three studies the potential effect of probiotics in the active phase was observed; in two, in the remission phase; and in four, after intestinal surgery. The sample size of the studies ranged from 11 to 165 individuals and the age of the participants between 5 and 71 years. Gram-positive bacteria were used in six clinical interventions and in two studies yeasts were used. As for the significant results obtained with the treatment with probiotics, in one study there was beneficial clinical effects in patients and, in another, there was an improvement in intestinal permeability. Conclusion. Currently, it is not possible to establish a recommendation for probiotic therapy to control CD due to the few clinical trials with significant results. There is a need for more research on clinical intervention with probiotics in CD to clarify the action, define doses and time of use(AU)

La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es una afección inflamatoria que puede afectar todo el tracto gastrointestinal debido a una respuesta del sistema inmunitario exacerbada e inadecuada. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sistemática, a través de ensayos clínicos, sobre el uso de probióticos en humanos con EC. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Science Direct utilizando las palabras clave "enfermedad de Crohn" y "probióticos". La revisión se hizo en ensayos clínicos publicados desde 2000 hasta diciembre 2019. Resultados. De 2164 artículos encontrados, solo nueve fueron considerados elegibles. Los estudios investigaron pacientes con EC en diferentes etapas de la patología, y en tres estudios se observó el efecto potencial de los probióticos en la fase activa; en dos, en remisión; y en cuatro, tras cirugía intestinal. El tamaño de la muestra fue entre 11 y 165 individuos y la edad entre 5 y 71 años. Se utilizaron bacterias grampositivas en seis intervenciones clínicas y en dos estudios se utilizaron levaduras. En cuanto a los resultados significativos obtenidos con el tratamiento con probióticos, en un estudio hubo efectos clínicos beneficiosos en los pacientes y, en otro, hubo una mejora en la permeabilidad intestinal. Conclusión. Actualmente, no es posible establecer una recomendación de terapia con probióticos para el control de la EC debido a los pocos ensayos clínicos con resultados significativos. Existe la necesidad de más investigación sobre la intervención clínica con probióticos en EC para aclarar la acción, definir dosis y tiempo de uso(AU)

Effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing heart valve replacement / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on intestinal mucosal barrier function, cognitive function and brain protection in patients undergoing heart valve replacement.Methods:The clinical data of 135 patients with heart valve replacement from April 2019 to April 2020 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 54 patients received low-dose of dexmedetomidine after induction of anesthesia (low-dose group), 38 patients received high-dose of dexmedetomidine (high-dose group), and 43 patients did not use dexmedetomidine (control group). Before surgery (T 1), 1 h after surgery (T 2), end of surgery (T 3) and 72 h after surgery (T 4), the levels of intestinal mucosal barrier function indexes D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) were detected by spectrophotometry, the levels of brain injury indexes central nervous system specific protein (S100β) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; before surgery and 3 d after surgery, the cognitive function was assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale before and 3 days after surgery. Result:There was no statistical difference in T 1, T 2 and T 4 D-lactic acid among 3 groups ( P>0.05); the T 3 D-lactic acid in low-dose group was significantly lower than that in high-dose group and the control group: (7.87 ± 1.59) mg/L vs. (8.99 ± 1.82) and (9.32 ± 1.74) mg/L, the high-dose group was significantly lower than the control group, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in T 1 and T 2 DAO among 3 groups ( P>0.05); the T 3 and T 4 DAO in low-dose group was significantly lower than that in high-dose group and control group: (2.77 ± 0.23) kU/L vs. (3.58 ± 0.25) and (4.30 ± 0.26) kU/L, (2.08 ± 0.25) kU/L vs. (2.40 ± 0.20) and (2.71 ± 0.23) kU/L, the high-dose group was significantly lower than the control group, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in MMSE score and MoCA score before surgery among 3 groups ( P>0.05); the MMSE score and MoCA score 3 d after surgery in low-dose group were significantly higher than those in high-dose group and control group: (22.76 ± 0.54) scores vs. (21.41 ± 0.47) and (20.21 ± 0.43) scores, (24.90 ± 0.51) scores vs. (24.01 ± 0.48) and (23.12 ± 0.49) scores, the high-dose group was significantly higher than the control group, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in T 1, T 2 and T 4 S100β among 3 groups ( P>0.05); the T 3 S100β in low-dose group was significantly lower than that in high-dose group and control group: (4.09 ± 2.01) μg/L vs. (5.48 ± 1.10) and (6.10 ± 1.58) μg/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in T 1 and T 4 NSE among 3 groups ( P>0.05); the T 2 and T 3 NSE in low-dose group was significantly lower than that in high-dose group and control group: (17.20 ± 4.13) μg/L vs. (20.29 ± 3.77) and (22.35 ± 3.80) μg/L, (19.40 ± 3.92) μg/L vs. (23.46 ± 5.26) and (25.18 ± 5.32) μg/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Administration of 0.5 μg/(kg·h) dexmedetomidine during heart valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass can reduce intestinal mucosal damage, protect brain against injury in a certain degree, and improve cognitive function.

Research progress on mechanism of intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier injury associated with severe acute pancreatitis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is closely related to intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction, in which intestinal epithelial mechanical barrier injury is the structural basis of SAP-related intestinal mucosal dysfunction. Among the molecular mechanisms of injury factors, inflammatory mediators and cytokines, produced by SAP waterfall inflammation, are the main factors of intestinal mucosal barrier injury. This article briefly describes the effects of SAP on intestinal mechanical barrier injury and its molecular mechanism in order to provide ideas for the treatment of SAP.

Polydatin improves intestinal barrier injury after traumatic brain injury in rats by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response via activating SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of SOD2 and HMGB1 / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the protective effect against intestinal mucosal injury in rats following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explore the underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#SD rat models of TBI were established by fluid percussion injury (FPI), and the specimens were collected at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after TBI. Another 15 rats were randomly divided into shamoperated group (n=5), TBI with saline treatment (TBI+NS) group (n=5), and TBI with PD treatment (TBI+PD) group (treated with 30 mg/kg PD after TBI; n=5). Body weight gain and fecal water content of the rats were recorded, and after the treatments, the histopathology of the jejunum was observed, and the levels of D-lactic acid (D-LAC), diamine oxidase (DAO), ZO-1, claudin-5, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. Lipid peroxide (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2 content, jejunal pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF- α), Sirt1 activity, SOD2 and HMGB1 acetylation level were also determined after the treatments.@*RESULTS@#The rats showed significantly decreased body weight and fecal water content and progressively increased serum levels of D-LAC and DAO after TBI (P < 0.05) with obvious jejunal injury, significantly decreased expression levels of ZO-1 and claudin-5, lowered SOD2 and Sirt1 activity (P < 0.05), increased expression levels of LPO, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced SOD2 and HMGB1 acetylation levels (P < 0.05). Compared with TBI+NS group, the rats in TBI+PD group showed obvious body weight regain, increased fecal water content, reduced jejunal pathologies, decreased D-LAC and DAO levels (P < 0.05), increased ZO-1, claudin-5, SOD2 expression levels and Sirt1 activity, and significantly decreased ROS, LPO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and acetylation levels of SOD2 and HMGB1 (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#PD alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory response by activating Sirt1-mediated deacetylation of SOD2 and HMGB1 to improve intestinal mucosal injury in TBI rats.

Ruifuping pectin protects against intestinal mucosal injury in the rat exertional heat stroke model / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To evaluate the intestinal function in rats with exertional heat stroke (EHS) and explore the protective role of Ruifuping pectin (RFP) against heat related intestinal mucosal injury.Methods:One hundred and twenty healthy special pathogen free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normothermic control group, EHS model group, hyperthermic plus drinking water group (H 2O+EHS group) and hyperthermic plus pectin group (RFP+EHS group) with 30 rats in each group. The rats in the H 2O+EHS group and RFP+EHS group were given water 20 mL/kg or RFP 20 mL/kg orally for 5 days during adaptive training period. After 1 week, the temperature control range was adjusted to (37±1)℃ using the temperature control treadmill, and the rat model of EHS was reproduced by one-time high temperature exhaustive exercise. No rehydration intervention was given during the training adaptation period in the EHS model group. The rats in the normothermic control group were maintained to room temperature (25±2)℃ and humidity (55±5)% without other treatment. Behavior tests including withdraw response, righting, and muscle strength were performed immediately after onset of EHS. Blood of inferior vena cava was collected, and the serum inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10)] and activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The intestinal mucosa was collected, after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Chiu score was performed to assess EHS induced pathological changes under light microscope. Results:The rats in the EHS model group had behavioral, inflammatory and pathological changes, such as delayed withdraw response and righting, decreased forelimb pulling, increased inflammatory index, and obvious intestinal mucosal injury, which indicated that the reproduction of the EHS model was successful. There was no significant difference in above parameters between the H 2O+EHS group and the EHS model group except that the inflammatory index in the RFP+EHS group was improved. Compared with the EHS model group, the withdraw reflex to pain and righting after RFP pretreatment in the RFP+EHS group were significantly improved (righting score: 1.4±0.2 vs. 0.3±0.2, withdraw reflex to pain score: 1.0±0.1 vs. 0.2±0.1, both P < 0.05), the muscle strength was significantly increased (N: 13.0±0.5 vs. 8.2±0.6, P < 0.01). The levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the RFP+EHS group were significantly lower than those in the EHS model group [TNF-α (ng/L): 67.5±9.2 vs. 194.3±13.7, IL-6 (ng/L): 360.0±54.1 vs. 981.2±84.4, IL-1β (ng/L): 33.7±9.0 vs. 88.7±6.1, all P < 0.01], while the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was higher than that in the EHS model group (ng/L: 208.7±10.5 vs. 103.7±7.0, P < 0.01). The degree of intestinal mucosal injury in the RFP+EHS group was less severe than that in the EHS model group, and the Chiu score and DAO were significantly lower than those in the EHS model group [Chiu score: 1.5±0.2 vs. 3.8±0.0, DAO (U/L): 83.7±6.7 vs. 128.7±10.5, both P < 0.05]. Conclusions:High temperature training can damage the intestinal barrier function, and induce endotoxemia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in rats. Oral prophylactic RFP can protect the intestinal barrier function, alleviate SIRS, and promote the recovery of basic nerve reflex and muscle strength after the occurrence of EHS in rats.

Effect of acupoint thread-embedding on tight junction of intestinal mucosa epithelium in rats with ulcerative colitis / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupoint thread-embedding on tight junction of intestinal mucosal epithelial barrier in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) under the state of "deficiency and stasis", and to explore its mechanism.@*METHODS@#Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group (@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, in the model group the body weight was decreased (@*CONCLUSION@#The thread-embedding could repair the tight junction of intestinal mucosa epithelium and reduce the permeability of intestinal mucosa epithelium, which may be related to the decrease of the expression of CaMKⅡ, MLCK and other protein kinases.

Effects of ulinastatin on intestinal mucosal barrier function in sepsis rats and its effect on wnt signal transduction pathway / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the intestinal mucosal barrier function protective effect of ulinastatin in sepsis rats and its effect on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods One hundred SD rats were randomly divided into control group, sepsis group, ulinastatin group, XAV939+ulinastatin group and lithium chloride( LiCl) +ulinastatin group. The classical cecal ligation was used to duplicate sepsis model, and the jejunal mucosal injury was evaluated. The levels of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α were detected by ELISA, and the expressions of β-catenin and cyclin D1 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. We also observed the effect of the Wnt signal pathway blockage by XAV939 or Wnt signal pathway activator by LiCl on ulinastatin protection of intestinal mucosa and proteins related to the Wnt signal pathway. Results The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and intestinal mucosal injury in the sepsis group were significantly higher than those in the ulinastatin group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of β- catenin and cyclin D1 in the sepsis group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), After ulinastatin treatment, the expression levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Compared with the ulinastatin group, combined treatment with XAV939 promoted the protective effect of ulinastatin on the intestinal mucosa of rats, and the protein expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 was reduced (P<0.05). Combined treatment with LiCl weakened the protective effect of ulinastatin on the intestinal mucosa of rats, and the protein expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Ulinastatin may inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway by down-regulating the expression of β-catenin, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α, thereby promote repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier function damage.

Drug-induced Intestinal Mucosal Injury / 胃肠病学

Drug-induced intestinal mucosal injury is a commonly seen adverse event with the exposure to various drugs. During the course of drug therapy, when exacerbation of primary gastrointestinal disease or new onset of gastro-intestinal symptoms occurs, drug-induced injury should be considered. Patients should be evaluated by gastrointestinal endoscopy for confirming the diagnosis. In this article, the etiologic and pathogenic factors, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of four commonly seen drug-induced intestinal mucosal injuries, which were caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibiotics were reviewed.

Exploration of Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 by Regulating Mucosal Immune System with Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Patients with low immune function are prone to novel coronavirus infection, which is consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) concept of deficiency of vital Qi and invasion of toxin. At present, it is necessary to focus on the development of antiviral drugs, but it is also urgent to study the preparation for regulating the immune system. Mucosal tissue is an important barrier of human immune system. It has an independent immune system with unique functions and structures. It is the body's first line of defense against infection, and is in direct contact with external antigens (such as food, symbiotic bacteria, viruses, etc.). In the resistance to viruses and infections, the mucosal immune system (such as respiratory mucosa, intestinal mucosa, etc.) plays an extremely important role, which can eliminate foreign pathogenic microorganisms or other foreign antigens, so that the virus does not invade the body tissue and cause damage to the body. There are more and more reports on the therapeutic effects of TCM through the mucosal immune system. This paper aims to explore the relationship between mucosal immunity and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the intervention mechanism of TCM, so as to provide useful research methods and therapeutic ideas for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Outcomes of implanting porcine small intestinal submucosa mesh in rabbit vesicovaginal space / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective@#To assess surgical outcomes of implanted porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) mesh in the rabbit vesicovaginal space (VVS) and explore its application value in pelvic floor reconstruction surgery.@*Methods@#Sixteen male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, and each group had four rabbits. All groups of rabbits were implanted with SIS mesh in the vesicovaginal space. They were humanely killed after a postoperative period of 7, 30, 90 and 180 days by group. The grafted area was removed with the surrounding bladder and vaginal tissues. The specimens were embedded in paraffin and then stained with HE and Masson's trichrome stains for visual observations, cells counts, and assessment of tissues and collagen fibers.@*Results@#(1) After HE staining, a large number of inflammatory response cells mainly eosinophils and lymphocytes infiltrated around the SIS mesh in 7 days group, and neovascularization was observed, the infiltration area of inflammatory response cells further increased in 30 days group, the infiltration area of inflammatory response cells significantly reduced in 90 days group, while the inflammatory response basically subsided in 180 days group. (2) After Masson's trichromestaining, the collagen structure of SIS mesh in 7 days group was clear and intact. While, the collagen structure of SIS mesh was partially degraded in 30 days group, the SIS meshes of 4 rabbits were completely degraded, but the collagen fragments of SIS remained in 90 days group. In 180 days group, the SIS mesh of all rabbits was degraded, and one of them had the formation of new collagen fibers.@*Conclusions@#SIS mesh implanted into the VVS of rabbits can lead to a transient non infective inflammatory reaction, which could be completely degraded and a small amount of new collagen fibers could be produced after 180 days of implantation. Which shown that SIS mesh should be used cautiously in pelvic floor reconstruction surgery.

Mechanism of action of intestinal flora in hepatic encephalopathy and related treatment methods / 临床肝胆病杂志

At present, hepatic encephalopathy has a relatively high mortality and thus greatly affects patients’ quality of life. This article describes the changes of intestinal flora in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and analyzes the mechanism of action of intestinal flora in hepatic encephalopathy and related treatment methods. It is pointed out that the development of hepatic encephalopathy is closely associated with intestinal flora, and clinical treatment by regulating intestinal flora has achieved a marked effect in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. In the future, the research on intestinal flora in patients with hepatic encephalopathy can be deepened to provide better regimens for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome / 胃肠病学

Some studies suggested that patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are more likely to develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than the general population, which may lead to over-examination in some IBS patients. On the other hand, patients with IBD often have IBS-like symptoms, which may in turn lead to a delay diagnosis of IBD. Therefore, whole digestive tract examination must be carried out to exclude IBD in patients with IBS-like symptoms and having "high risk factors". The incidence of IBS increased in patients with IBD in remission. Such IBS in IBD patients should also be diagnosed and treated in time.